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Exam Review

Key Facts: SPM Sejarah Exam

SPM Sejarah (code 1249) is administered by the Lembaga Peperiksaan of the Ministry of Education Malaysia and is taken in Bahasa Melayu.

Since 2021 SPM Sejarah uses two papers: Kertas 1 (40 objective questions, 1 hour, 30%) and Kertas 2 (structured and essays, 2.5 hours, 50%).

Kertas 2 has Bahagian A with 4 structured questions worth 40 marks and Bahagian B with 5 essays worth 60 marks, of which candidates answer 3.

Sejarah has been a compulsory-pass (Wajib Lulus) SPM subject since 2013, requiring at least a grade E to earn a full certificate.

The SPM grading scale runs from A+ (highest) to G (fail), with grade E being the lowest passing grade.

The Kertas 1 difficulty ratio is fixed at Low:Medium:High of 5:3:2 across its 40 questions, according to the official format.

The syllabus follows the DSKP KSSM for Tingkatan 4 and 5 under the theme Pembinaan Negara, spanning 20 chapters.

The Rancangan Pendidikan Negara 2026-2035, launched on 20 January 2026, keeps SPM History compulsory at all schools including international, UEC and religious streams.

A compulsory two-paper SPM subject in Bahasa Melayu: Kertas 1 is 40 objective MCQs (1 hour, 30%) and Kertas 2 is structured plus essay questions (2.5 hours, 50%), graded A+ to G with grade E the lowest pass.

Sample SPM Sejarah Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the SPM Sejarah exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1In the SPM Sejarah (1249) format from 2021, how many questions does Kertas 1 (the objective paper) contain and how long is it?
A.50 objective questions in 1 hour 15 minutes
B.60 objective questions in 1 hour 30 minutes
C.40 objective questions in 1 hour
D.40 objective questions in 2 hours
Explanation: Under the SPM format introduced in 2021, Sejarah Kertas 1 (1249/1) is a written objective paper of 40 multiple-choice questions answered in 1 hour, carrying 40 marks and weighted 30% of the subject. Candidates must answer all 40 questions.
2In SPM Sejarah Kertas 2 (1249/2), how are the marks divided between Bahagian A and Bahagian B?
A.Bahagian A 40 marks (4 structured, answer all), Bahagian B 60 marks (5 essays, answer 3)
B.Bahagian A 60 marks (answer all), Bahagian B 40 marks (answer 2)
C.Bahagian A 50 marks, Bahagian B 50 marks
D.Bahagian A 40 marks (answer 2), Bahagian B 60 marks (answer all)
Explanation: Kertas 2 totals 100 marks. Bahagian A has 4 limited-response (structured) questions worth 40 marks and all must be answered; Bahagian B offers 5 open-response essay questions worth 60 marks, of which candidates choose 3. The paper is weighted 50% of the subject.
3Sejarah (subject code 1249) holds a special status among SPM subjects. Since 2013, what is this status?
A.It is an optional elective taken only by arts students
B.It is examined orally rather than in writing
C.It is graded on a pass or fail basis only, with no letter grade
D.It is a compulsory-pass (Wajib Lulus) subject
Explanation: Beginning with the 2013 cohort, Sejarah (1249) became a Wajib Lulus (compulsory-pass) subject in the SPM, meaning candidates must obtain at least a passing grade in History to be awarded a full SPM certificate. It is taught in Bahasa Melayu.
4The SPM grading scale ranges from the highest grade A+ down to the lowest. Which grade is the lowest passing grade (Lulus) before a fail?
A.Grade E
B.Grade D
C.Grade C
D.Grade G
Explanation: On the SPM scale used since 2009, grades run A+, A, A-, B+, B, C+, C, D, E, then G. Grade E (Lulus) is the lowest pass, while G (Gagal) is a fail. For Sejarah, candidates must score at least an E to satisfy the compulsory-pass requirement.
5The SPM is administered by which body under the Ministry of Education Malaysia?
A.Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia (Malaysian Examinations Council)
B.Lembaga Peperiksaan (Examinations Board)
C.Universiti Malaya
D.Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Explanation: The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia is administered by the Lembaga Peperiksaan (Examinations Board) within the Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. The Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia instead administers the STPM and MUET.
6Several early Malay-world kingdoms (kerajaan Alam Melayu) are studied as part of Malaysia's national-state heritage. Which of the following was one such kingdom?
A.Maurya
B.Mughal
C.Srivijaya
D.Sokoto
Explanation: Srivijaya was a major maritime Malay-world kingdom and is studied in Tingkatan 4 Bab 1 (Warisan Negara Bangsa) alongside Funan, Champa, Kedah Tua, Gangga Nagara, Angkor and Majapahit as a foundation of the national state.
7According to the syllabus, the four basic characteristics (ciri-ciri) of a negara bangsa (nation-state) such as a kerajaan Alam Melayu include a ruler, a system of law, a territory of influence, and which other element?
A.A written constitution
B.A national flag and anthem
C.Universal suffrage
D.The people (rakyat)
Explanation: Tingkatan 4 Bab 1 identifies the core features of a negara bangsa as raja (ruler), undang-undang (law), wilayah pengaruh (territory of influence) and rakyat (the people). These traditional elements predate modern features such as written constitutions.
8Which two written legal codes are associated with the Melaka Sultanate (Kesultanan Melayu Melaka)?
A.Hukum Kanun Melaka and Undang-Undang Laut Melaka
B.Hukum Kanun Pahang and Undang-Undang 99 Perak
C.Adat Perpatih and Adat Temenggung
D.Magna Carta and the Code of Hammurabi
Explanation: The Hukum Kanun Melaka (land law) and the Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (maritime law) were the two written legal codes of the Melaka Sultanate, reflecting its sophisticated administration and its importance as an entrepot port.
9Which additional characteristics distinguished the Melaka Sultanate as a negara bangsa beyond the four basic elements?
A.A standing navy and a central bank
B.Sovereignty (kedaulatan) and royal regalia (lambang kebesaran)
C.Compulsory education and a parliament
D.Income tax and a written constitution
Explanation: The Melaka Sultanate displayed advanced negara bangsa features including kerajaan (government), rakyat, kedaulatan (sovereignty), wilayah pengaruh, undang-undang and lambang kebesaran (royal regalia), reflecting a fully formed early Malay state.
10The term 'nasionalisme' (nationalism), central to Tingkatan 4 Bab 2, is best defined as:
A.The policy of dividing a colony into separate administrative zones
B.The economic exploitation of a colony by a foreign power
C.A feeling of love and loyalty toward one's nation, with the will to defend and advance it
D.The migration of workers from one country to another
Explanation: Nasionalisme refers to the sense of love, pride and loyalty toward one's own nation, accompanied by the determination to defend its sovereignty and pursue its progress and independence. It was the driving force behind the anti-colonial movements studied in the syllabus.

About the SPM Sejarah Exam

SPM Sejarah (subject code 1249) is the compulsory History subject of the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia, taken in Bahasa Melayu by Form 5 students and administered by the Lembaga Peperiksaan of the Ministry of Education Malaysia. Since 2021 it has used a two-paper format: Kertas 1, a 40-question objective paper (1 hour, weighted 30%), and Kertas 2, a subjective paper of 4 structured questions (Bahagian A, 40 marks) plus 5 essay questions of which 3 are answered (Bahagian B, 60 marks), lasting 2 hours 30 minutes and weighted 50%. The syllabus follows the DSKP KSSM for Tingkatan 4 and 5 under the theme Pembinaan Negara (Nation-Building), covering 20 chapters from the early Malay-world kingdoms through colonialism, the Japanese Occupation, the road to Merdeka in 1957, the formation of Malaysia in 1963, and modern nation-building including the Rukun Negara and foreign policy. Sejarah has been a Wajib Lulus (compulsory-pass) subject since 2013, and the Rancangan Pendidikan Negara 2026-2035 launched in January 2026 keeps it compulsory at all schools.

Exam sponsor: Lembaga Peperiksaan, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (Examinations Board, Ministry of Education Malaysia). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Questions

100 questions

Time Limit

Kertas 1: 1 hour; Kertas 2: 2 hours 30 minutes

Passing Score

Graded A+ to G; lowest pass is grade E (Lulus). Compulsory-pass (Wajib Lulus) subject since 2013.

Exam / Certification Fees

Free for full-time government school students (state-funded); private and repeat candidates pay variable Lembaga Peperiksaan fees.

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

12%

Exam format and study skills

Kertas 1 and Kertas 2 structure, grading A+ to G, compulsory-pass status, KBAT items, the DSKP KSSM basis, and the 2026 education-plan continuation.

7%

Warisan Negara Bangsa (Form 4 Bab 1)

Early Malay-world kingdoms, nation-state characteristics, the Melaka Sultanate and its legal codes, and early British intervention.

9%

Kebangkitan Nasionalisme (Form 4 Bab 2)

Meaning of nationalism, Western and Asian influences, the Islah movement, SITC, KMM and Melayu Raya, and local resistance figures.

5%

World conflict and the Japanese Occupation (Form 4 Bab 3)

The 1941-1945 Occupation, Force 136 and the MPAJA, and the impact on ethnic relations.

11%

British power transition and the Federation (Form 4 Bab 4-6)

The BMA, Malayan Union 1946 and Malay opposition, UMNO, the Federation of Malaya 1948, and the Communist threat and Emergency.

12%

Road to independence and Merdeka (Form 4 Bab 7-10)

Sistem Ahli, education reports, the 1955 election and Alliance, the Reid Commission, the 1957 Constitution and the Proclamation of Independence.

13%

Constitution, monarchy and federalism (Form 5 Bab 1-4)

Sovereignty, the Federal Constitution and key articles, the constitutional monarchy and Agong, parliamentary democracy, and the federal system.

9%

Formation of Malaysia and challenges (Form 5 Bab 5-6)

The 1961 proposal, the Cobbold Commission, the 20-point and 18-point agreements, MA63, the 1963 formation, Konfrontasi and Singapore's exit.

8%

Nation-building: unity and prosperity (Form 5 Bab 7-8)

The 13 May 1969 riots, MAGERAN, the Rukun Negara and its principles, and the New Economic Policy 1971-1990.

14%

Foreign policy and global standing (Form 5 Bab 9-10)

Foreign-policy principles, the UN, Commonwealth, AMDA, ASEAN, ZOPFAN, NAM, OIC, China relations and Vision 2020.

Preparing for the SPM Sejarah Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Graded A+ to G; lowest pass is grade E (Lulus). Compulsory-pass (Wajib Lulus) subject since 2013.
  • Exam length: 100 questions
  • Time limit: Kertas 1: 1 hour; Kertas 2: 2 hours 30 minutes
  • Exam / certification fees: Free for full-time government school students (state-funded); private and repeat candidates pay variable Lembaga Peperiksaan fees. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

SPM Sejarah: Suggested Study Strategy

1Map the 20 chapters across Tingkatan 4 and 5 in chronological order, from the early Malay-world kingdoms to Vision 2020, so dates and causes connect into a single nation-building story.
2Memorise the anchor dates precisely: Malayan Union (1 April 1946), Federation of Malaya (1 February 1948), Merdeka (31 August 1957), formation of Malaysia (16 September 1963), Rukun Negara (1970) and the New Economic Policy (1971-1990).
3For Kertas 1, eliminate clearly wrong options first; the difficulty ratio is 5:3:2, so most marks come from straightforward recall if you have covered the syllabus.
4Practise the KBAT (Higher-Order Thinking) parts: they reward applying lessons (iktibar), evaluating causes and giving reasoned opinions, not just listing facts.
5Write Bahagian A structured answers in full, accurate sentences and pace yourself at roughly 15 minutes per structured question and 30 minutes per essay.
6Learn the key institutions and people: the Reid and Cobbold Commissions, UMNO and the Alliance, Tunku Abdul Rahman and Tun Abdul Razak, and the five principles of the Rukun Negara.
7Revise in Bahasa Melayu using DSKP KSSM textbooks and past-year papers, since the exam is set and answered in Malay.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many papers are in SPM Sejarah and how long are they?

Since 2021 there are two papers. Kertas 1 (1249/1) is a 1-hour objective paper of 40 multiple-choice questions (40 marks, weighted 30%). Kertas 2 (1249/2) lasts 2 hours 30 minutes with structured questions (Bahagian A, 40 marks) and essays (Bahagian B, 60 marks), totalling 100 marks and weighted 50%.

Is Sejarah a compulsory subject in the SPM?

Yes. Sejarah (1249) is taken by all SPM candidates and has been a compulsory-pass (Wajib Lulus) subject since 2013, meaning a candidate must obtain at least the minimum passing grade in History to be awarded a full SPM certificate.

What is the passing grade for SPM Sejarah?

The SPM is graded from A+ (highest) down to G (fail). Grade E (Lulus) is the lowest pass. Because Sejarah is a compulsory-pass subject, candidates should aim for at least an E, while a Kepujian (credit, grade C or above) is needed for many further-study pathways.

What does the SPM Sejarah Kertas 2 essay section involve?

Bahagian B of Kertas 2 offers 5 open-response essay questions worth 60 marks; candidates choose and answer 3, each worth 20 marks. Questions have several parts, with later parts often testing Higher-Order Thinking Skills (KBAT) such as evaluation and forming opinions.

Which curriculum does SPM Sejarah follow?

The exam is based on the DSKP KSSM (Standard-Based Curriculum and Assessment Document) for Tingkatan 4 and Tingkatan 5, covering 20 chapters under the theme Pembinaan Negara (Nation-Building), from the early Malay-world kingdoms to modern Malaysia.

How much does SPM Sejarah cost?

There is no fee for full-time students in Malaysian government schools because the SPM is state-funded. Private candidates (calon persendirian) and SPM Ulangan repeat candidates pay registration fees that vary and are set by the Lembaga Peperiksaan.

Will History remain compulsory after 2026?

Yes. The Rancangan Pendidikan Negara 2026-2035, launched on 20 January 2026, keeps History compulsory for the SPM at all schools, including international, UEC and religious streams, and the two-paper format remains unchanged.