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Examen d'aptitude aux fonctions de notaire (Madagascar)

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Key Facts: Concours d'entrée au Notariat Exam

24 months

Mandatory professional internship (stage) following successful entrance competition

https://cnlegis.gov.mg/page_acces_pdf/dnWjtQfpU3akZ

Coef 4

Weight assigned to Droit foncier et immobilier in the written examination

https://textes.lexxika.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Arrete-26215_2014-19-Aout-2014-Portant-ouverture-et-organisation-dun-concours-dentree-dans-le-notariat-session-des-181-.pdf

Maîtrise

Minimum university degree in law required for candidate eligibility

https://cnlegis.gov.mg/page_acces_pdf/dnWjtQfpU3akZ

Ad hoc

Session frequency determined by ministerial order based on vacancy needs

https://notaires.mg

4 + 2

Official exam papers: 4 written eligibility compositions and 2 oral admission tests

https://textes.lexxika.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Arrete-26215_2014-19-Aout-2014-Portant-ouverture-et-organisation-dun-concours-dentree-dans-le-notariat-session-des-181-.pdf

Free 100-question independent English MCQ practice for Madagascar's notarial entrance competition (Concours Notariat).

Sample Concours d'entrée au Notariat Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Concours d'entrée au Notariat exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Madagascar's Ordonnance n° 60-146 du 3 octobre 1960 relative au régime de l'immatriculation foncière, what is the primary legal effect of issuing a land title (titre foncier)?

A.It creates an absolute, definitive, and unassailable (inattaquable) right of ownership recorded in the land registry

B.It creates a temporary presumption of ownership that expires after ten years without renewal

C.It serves only as a tax assessment notice without establishing proprietary rights

D.It grants a renewable ten-year agricultural concession revocable by the commune

Explanation: Under Article 5 of Ordonnance n° 60-146, land registration (immatriculation) establishes an individual, definitive, and unassailable right of property under the Torrens system. Once the titre foncier is issued and registered in the livre foncier, it extinguishes all prior unregistered rights and claims through the mechanism of purge juridique.

2What fundamental change in Malagasy land policy was introduced by Loi n° 2005-019 du 17 octobre 2005 fixant les principes régissant les statuts des terres?

A.It abolished the legal presumption of state ownership (présomption de domanialité) over untitled, occupied lands

B.It nationalized all privately titled properties held by Malagasy citizens

C.It transferred all land registration powers from regional conservations to village fokontany elders

D.It eliminated the requirement of registered titles for any commercial real estate transaction

Explanation: Loi n° 2005-019 abolished the century-old colonial presumption of state ownership ('présomption de domanialité') over untitled lands. Under this reform, untitled lands that are occupied, used, or developed by individuals or communities are recognized as untitled private property (propriété privée non titrée).

3Under Loi n° 2006-031, what legal instrument is issued by a decentralized municipal land office (Guichet Foncier) to certify private untitled ownership?

A.Certificat foncier

B.Titre foncier

C.Bail emphytéotique

D.Permis d'occuper précaire

Explanation: Under Loi n° 2006-031, decentralized land offices (Guichets Fonciers / BIF) established within communes issue a 'certificat foncier' to certify rights over untitled private property (propriété privée non titrée). The 'titre foncier', by contrast, is issued exclusively by the state Conservation de la Propriété Foncière under Ordonnance 60-146.

4What is the statutory minimum and maximum duration of a long-term lease (bail emphytéotique) under Malagasy land legislation?

A.18 years minimum and 99 years maximum

B.5 years minimum and 30 years maximum

C.10 years minimum and 50 years maximum

D.25 years minimum and perpetual duration without limit

Explanation: In Malagasy real estate law (Ordonnance n° 60-146 and applicable civil legislation), an emphytéose or bail emphytéotique must be granted for more than 18 years and cannot exceed 99 years. Leases exceeding 9 years must be registered in the land register to be opposable to third parties.

5Under Malagasy law, can a foreign national acquire direct freehold ownership (pleine propriété) of registered land in Madagascar?

A.No, foreign individuals and foreign-controlled legal entities are prohibited from owning land in freehold, but may hold long-term leases (baux emphytéotiques)

B.Yes, foreign nationals have unrestricted constitutional rights to purchase any titled or untitled land in freehold

C.Yes, provided they pay an additional 50% surtax at the Conservation Foncière upon registration

D.No, foreign nationals are prohibited from possessing or leasing any real property under any form of agreement

Explanation: Under Malagasy legislation (notably Loi n° 2003-028, Loi n° 2007-036, and current real estate statutes), foreign nationals and legal persons controlled by foreign interests cannot acquire freehold ownership (pleine propriété) of real property in Madagascar. Foreigners may, however, secure land usage and development rights through long-term leases (baux emphytéotiques) for up to 99 years.

6Which municipal administrative unit is responsible for managing untitled private property and issuing land certificates in Madagascar?

A.The Guichet Foncier (BIF) established at the Commune level

B.The Tribunal de Première Instance (TPI)

C.The Service Régional des Domaines et de la Propriété Foncière

D.The Bureau du Gouverneur de Région

Explanation: Under Loi n° 2006-031, decentralized land administration is entrusted to communal land offices known as Guichets Fonciers (or Bureaux d'Information Foncière - BIF). These offices handle applications, coordinate public local recognition, and issue certificats fonciers for untitled land within the commune's jurisdiction.

7In Malagasy land registration under Ordonnance n° 60-146, what is the effect of the 'purge juridique' resulting from the establishment of a land title?

A.It extinguishes all prior unrecorded real rights and claims, making the land title the sole starting point of legal rights

B.It automatically clears all personal debts of the previous owner against third-party banks

C.It forgives all unpaid municipal and national property taxes accrued over the previous thirty years

D.It requires the owner to physically clear and level the parcel before constructing any building

Explanation: The 'purge juridique' is a cornerstone of the Torrens registration system under Ordonnance n° 60-146. It extinguishes all prior customary claims, encumbrances, and real rights that were not submitted and validated during the registration procedure, establishing the new title as unassailable against past claims.

8What is the key legal distinction between the State's public domain (domaine public) and its private domain (domaine privé de l'État) in Madagascar?

A.Public domain property is inalienable and imprescriptible, whereas private domain land can be alienated or conceded under statutory conditions

B.Public domain property may be freely sold at private auction by any commune, while private domain land is strictly inalienable

C.Public domain property applies only to offshore islands, while private domain land comprises all urban residential plots

D.There is no legal distinction; both domains are governed by identical rules of commercial sale under the LTGO

Explanation: Under Malagasy public property law (notably Loi n° 2008-013 on the public domain and Loi n° 2008-014 on the private domain of the State), the domaine public is inalienable (inaliénable) and imprescriptible (imprescriptible) because it is devoted to public use or public services. By contrast, the domaine privé de l'État can be alienated, leased, or conceded to private individuals subject to legal formalities.

9In the process of issuing a certificat foncier under Loi n° 2006-031, what role is played by the local recognition commission (Commission de reconnaissance locale)?

A.It conducts an on-site public investigation with adjoining neighbors to verify peaceful, continuous occupation and identify parcel boundaries

B.It renders final judicial verdicts on contested property titles that cannot be appealed to the Cour de Cassation

C.It determines the national income tax rate of the applicant based on agricultural productivity

D.It assesses criminal penalties against anyone who does not hold a university degree in law

Explanation: Under Loi n° 2006-031, the Commission de reconnaissance locale conducts an adversarial, on-site public inquiry (constat public et contradictoire) on the parcel. In the presence of local community members (fokonolona) and boundary neighbors, it ascertains peaceful, visible, and continuous occupation and defines boundaries before a certificate is granted.

10Under Ordonnance n° 60-146, what is the legal procedure when an owner loses the official duplicate of their land title (duplicata de titre foncier)?

A.The owner must file a petition with the President of the Tribunal de Première Instance to obtain an authorization order after mandatory legal publications

B.The owner may immediately print a replacement copy at any local cybercafé without administrative intervention

C.The loss immediately extinguishes all ownership rights and transfers the parcel to the State domain

D.The Conservateur de la Propriété Foncière cancels the property registration and converts it into untitled public land

Explanation: Under Articles 112 et seq. of Ordonnance n° 60-146, the loss of a duplicata requires a judicial procedure: the owner submits a petition to the President of the competent Tribunal de Première Instance, legal notices are published in the Journal Officiel and local newspapers, and after expiry of objection periods, the judge may issue an order authorizing the Conservateur to deliver a replacement duplicate.

About the Concours d'entrée au Notariat Exam

The Concours d'entrée dans le Notariat is Madagascar's official gateway to the notarial profession under Loi n° 2007-026 du 12 décembre 2007 and Arrêtés n° 25907/2014 & 26215/2014. Organized ad hoc by the Ministère de la Justice and the Chambre Nationale des Notaires de Madagascar, success admits candidates to a 24-month professional internship (stage) preceding the notarial aptitude examination. This bank provides independent English MCQ study covering civil law, land tenure, commercial transactions, and notarial ethics; it is not an official translation or substitute for French composition practice.

Exam sponsor: Ministère de la Justice / Chambre Nationale des Notaires de Madagascar (CNNM). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

The official competition consists of four French written eligibility papers: Droit foncier et immobilier (coef 4), Droit civil (coef 3), Droit commercial (coef 2), and Culture générale (coef 2), followed by two oral tests: Droit fiscal ou Déontologie notariale (coef 3) and Culture générale (coef 2). This 100-question bank is an independent English MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep.

Time Limit

Four written papers of 3 hours each; each oral in the 2014 order provides 15 minutes of preparation and 15 minutes before the jury

Passing Score

The 2014 order does not set an individual eliminatory mark. Written admissibility is by weighted average and rank, capped at 2.5 times the places; final admission is by overall weighted average and rank within the places offered.

Exam / Certification Fees

Ad hoc fee set by ministerial order; no 2026 fee was publicly scheduled at time of check

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Chambre Nationale des Notaires de Madagascar (CNNM) · Source checked 2026-09-24
Loi n° 2007-026 portant statut du notariat · Source checked 2026-09-24
Arrêté n° 26215/2014 Portant organisation d'un concours d'entrée dans le notariat · Source checked 2026-09-24
Ministère de la Justice de Madagascar · Source checked 2026-09-24

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

30 practice questions

Droit foncier et immobilier

Land tenure reform (Loi 2005-019), untitled private property and land certificates (Loi 2006-031), Torrens registration and land titles (Ordonnance 60-146), long-term leases (baux emphytéotiques), and security interests.

20 practice questions

Droit civil des obligations et contrats

General theory of obligations under Loi n° 66-003 (LTGO), contractual formation, defects of consent, breach, remedies, and nominate contracts.

20 practice questions

Droit civil de la famille, régimes matrimoniaux et successions

Marriage and matrimonial property regimes (Loi 2007-022), civil status (Loi 61-025), statutory succession, wills, and gifts (Loi 68-012).

13 practice questions

Droit commercial et des sûretés

Commercial legal status, sale and pledging of business goodwill (fonds de commerce), corporate structures (Loi 2003-036), and security mechanisms.

12 practice questions

Statut, déontologie notariale et droit fiscal

Public ministerial status of notaries under Loi n° 2007-026, authentic instrument rules, professional liability, and registration tax rules.

5 practice questions

Culture générale et institutions malgaches

Constitutional architecture of the IVth Republic, court structure, and key civic and customary legal principles in Madagascar.

Preparing for the Concours d'entrée au Notariat Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: The 2014 order does not set an individual eliminatory mark. Written admissibility is by weighted average and rank, capped at 2.5 times the places; final admission is by overall weighted average and rank within the places offered.
Assessment: The official competition consists of four French written eligibility papers: Droit foncier et immobilier (coef 4), Droit civil (coef 3), Droit commercial (coef 2), and Culture générale (coef 2), followed by two oral tests: Droit fiscal ou Déontologie notariale (coef 3) and Culture générale (coef 2). This 100-question bank is an independent English MCQ study adaptation by OpenExamPrep.
Time limit: Four written papers of 3 hours each; each oral in the 2014 order provides 15 minutes of preparation and 15 minutes before the jury
Exam / certification fees: Ad hoc fee set by ministerial order; no 2026 fee was publicly scheduled at time of check Official sources

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Concours d'entrée au Notariat: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the distinction between registered land (titre foncier under Ordonnance 60-146) and certified unregistered land (certificat foncier under Loi 2006-031).

2Pay close attention to foreign land rights in Madagascar, specifically the prohibition against freehold ownership and the regulatory requirements for long-term leases (baux emphytéotiques).

3Thoroughly review the LTGO (Loi n° 66-003) definitions of legal obligations, defects of consent (erreur, dol, violence), and rules of civil liability.

4Memorize the legal matrimonial regimes and statutory succession order under Loi n° 2007-022 and Loi n° 68-012; do not import a fixed French réserve héréditaire into the Malagasy statute.

5Study the statutory duties, conflicts of interest, and territorial jurisdiction rules governing notaries under Loi n° 2007-026.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the official framework of the Madagascar notarial entrance competition?

The competition is established by Article 14 of Loi n° 2007-026 du 12 décembre 2007 portant statut du notariat and governed by ministerial orders including Arrêtés n° 25907/2014 and 26215/2014 issued by the Ministère de la Justice.

How often is the concours d'entrée au notariat organized in Madagascar?

The examination is organized ad hoc by the Ministère de la Justice rather than on an annual schedule, depending on the staffing needs of notarial offices. No 2026 sitting was publicly scheduled at the time of check.

What qualifications are required to apply for the notarial entrance competition?

Candidates must hold Malagasy nationality, enjoy full civil rights, demonstrate moral probity (with a clean criminal record), and hold a Maîtrise en droit (Master 1 in law or equivalent 4-year legal degree recognized by the State).

What happens after passing the concours d'entrée?

Successful candidates are admitted to a mandatory 24-month professional stage (internship) in a recognized notarial office, after which they must pass the professional aptitude examination (examen d'aptitude) to qualify for appointment to a notarial office.

What subjects are tested in the official competition?

The written eligibility phase includes four papers: Droit foncier et immobilier (coef 4), Droit civil (coef 3), Droit commercial (coef 2), and Culture générale (coef 2). Admissible candidates sit two oral tests: Droit fiscal ou Déontologie notariale (coef 3) and Culture générale (coef 2).

Is this practice question bank an official examination resource?

No. The official competition is conducted in French via written compositions and oral presentations. This bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation created by OpenExamPrep for conceptual review.