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Exam Review

Key Facts: Engineer Civil Engineering Exam

120 items

Official written exam paper length (6 subjects × 20)

Q-Net Engineer-grade testing standards; Q-Net 토목기사 (jmCd 1250)

180 minutes

Written examination duration (30 minutes per subject)

Q-Net 필기시험 접수안내 (기사·산업기사 과목별 30분)

40 / 60

Passing standard: 40% individual subject floor (과락) and 60% overall average

National Technical Qualifications Act Enforcement Rules

KRW 19,400

Written exam registration fee

Q-Net 토목기사 page, checked 2026-09-20

KRW 22,600

Practical exam registration fee

Q-Net 토목기사 page, checked 2026-09-20

2 years

Exemption duration for written test pass

National Technical Qualifications Act Enforcement Decree Article 21

토목기사 is South Korea's benchmark Engineer-grade civil qualification (jmCd 1250, MOLIT / HRD Korea). The official written exam comprises 120 MCQs across six subjects (20 per subject, 30 min each, 180 min total) requiring a 40% per-subject floor and 60% overall average, followed by a 3-hour descriptive practical exam (필답형) in civil design and construction practice. Official Q-Net fees are KRW 19,400 (written) and KRW 22,600 (practical). OpenExamPrep provides an independent 100-question English MCQ practice bank.

Sample Engineer Civil Engineering Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Engineer Civil Engineering exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A simply supported beam AB with an overhang BC has a main span AB = 6.0 m and an overhang BC = 2.0 m. The beam carries a uniform distributed load w = 10 kN/m along the span AB and a concentrated downward point load P = 30 kN at the free tip C. What is the vertical reaction force at pin support A (지점반력 R_A)?
A.20.0 kN upward
B.35.0 kN upward
C.45.0 kN upward
D.70.0 kN upward
Explanation: Taking the moment equilibrium about roller support B (ΣM_B = 0): the downward distributed load on span AB produces a resultant of 10 kN/m × 6.0 m = 60 kN acting at 3.0 m to the left of B (counterclockwise moment of 60 × 3.0 = 180 kN·m). The tip load P = 30 kN acts at 2.0 m to the right of B (clockwise moment of 30 × 2.0 = 60 kN·m). Setting ΣM_B = R_A × 6.0 - 180 + 60 = 0 yields R_A = 120 / 6.0 = 20.0 kN upward.
2In plane truss analysis (트러스 구조해석), under which of the following conditions is a member guaranteed to be a zero-force member (무응력부재)?
A.At an unloaded joint connecting two non-collinear members
B.At a joint connecting two collinear members carrying a transverse perpendicular load
C.At a pinned joint connecting four symmetrical members with equal angles
D.At a support joint with a vertical roller and two diagonal members
Explanation: According to the fundamental zero-force member inspection rules: if a joint connects only two non-collinear members and has no external load or support reaction applied to it, both members must have zero internal force to satisfy equilibrium (ΣFx = 0 and ΣFy = 0). Additionally, if three members meet at an unloaded joint where two are collinear, the third non-collinear member is always a zero-force member.
3A symmetrical Pratt bridge truss has a span of 24 m divided into four equal panels of 6 m each, with a uniform panel height h = 4 m. Concentrated downward loads of P = 40 kN act at each of the three interior bottom panel joints (L1, L2, L3). Using the method of sections (단면법), what is the internal force in the top chord member U1-U2?
A.120 kN compression
B.60 kN compression
C.120 kN tension
D.40 kN tension
Explanation: By symmetry, the total downward load is 3 × 40 = 120 kN, giving support reactions R_L0 = R_L4 = 60 kN. Passing a vertical section through top chord U1-U2, diagonal U1-L2, and bottom chord L1-L2, we isolate the left segment and sum moments about bottom panel point L2 (located at x = 12 m from L0): ΣM_L2 = (R_L0 × 12 m) - (P_L1 × 6 m) - (F_U1U2 × 4 m) = 0. Substituting values gives (60 × 12) - (40 × 6) - 4 F_U1U2 = 720 - 240 - 4 F_U1U2 = 0, which yields F_U1U2 = 480 / 4 = 120 kN in compression.
4A simply supported beam of span L = 8.0 m carries a uniform distributed load w = 15 kN/m over its entire length and a concentrated point load P = 40 kN at midspan. What is the maximum bending moment (최대 휨모멘트 M_max) occurring in the beam?
A.200 kN·m
B.160 kN·m
C.240 kN·m
D.120 kN·m
Explanation: By superposition for a simply supported beam with symmetric loading, maximum bending moment occurs at midspan (x = L/2): M_max = M_UDL + M_point = (w L² / 8) + (P L / 4). Substituting the values: M_max = (15 × 8.0² / 8) + (40 × 8.0 / 4) = (15 × 64 / 8) + (320 / 4) = 120 + 80 = 200 kN·m.
5A simply supported beam AB of span L = 6.0 m is subjected to a linearly increasing triangular distributed load, varying from 0 at pin support A (x = 0) to w0 = 30 kN/m at roller support B (x = 6.0 m). At what distance x from support A does the shear force equal zero, corresponding to the point of maximum bending moment?
A.3.46 m (2√3 m)
B.3.00 m
C.4.00 m
D.2.45 m
Explanation: The total triangular load is W = (1/2) × w0 × L = 0.5 × 30 × 6.0 = 90 kN, acting at the centroid (2/3 L = 4.0 m from A). Equilibrium gives R_A = 90 × (1/3) = 30 kN. The shear force at distance x from A is V(x) = R_A - (1/2) × (w0 x / L) × x = 30 - 0.5 × (30 / 6) x² = 30 - 2.5 x². Setting V(x) = 0: 2.5 x² = 30 → x² = 12 → x = √12 = 2√3 ≈ 3.464 m.
6A stepped circular steel bar consists of two rigidly connected segments: Segment 1 has diameter d1 = 40 mm and length L1 = 1.0 m; Segment 2 has diameter d2 = 20 mm and length L2 = 0.5 m. The elastic modulus is E = 200 GPa. When an axial tensile load P = 50 kN is applied to the end of the bar, what is the total axial elongation (총 신장량 ΔL)?
A.0.597 mm
B.0.199 mm
C.0.398 mm
D.1.194 mm
Explanation: Total elongation is ΔL = ΔL1 + ΔL2 = (P L1)/(A1 E) + (P L2)/(A2 E). Cross-sectional areas are A1 = (π/4)(40)² = 400π mm² ≈ 1256.6 mm², and A2 = (π/4)(20)² = 100π mm² ≈ 314.2 mm². Thus, ΔL1 = (50,000 × 1000) / (1256.6 × 200,000) = 0.1989 mm, and ΔL2 = (50,000 × 500) / (314.2 × 200,000) = 0.3979 mm. Total elongation ΔL = 0.1989 + 0.3979 = 0.5968 mm ≈ 0.597 mm.
7A steel bar of length L = 2.0 m and cross-sectional area A = 500 mm² is installed between two perfectly rigid, unyielding supports at 20°C. When the ambient temperature rises to 60°C (ΔT = 40°C), what compressive stress (온도응력 σ) develops in the bar? (Given: E = 200 GPa, coefficient of thermal expansion α = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ /°C).
A.96.0 MPa
B.48.0 MPa
C.120.0 MPa
D.192.0 MPa
Explanation: For a bar fully restrained against thermal expansion between unyielding supports, the thermal strain is completely converted into mechanical compressive strain: ε = α ΔT. The resulting thermal stress is σ = E ε = E α ΔT = (200,000 MPa) × (1.2 × 10⁻⁵ /°C) × (40°C) = 96.0 MPa. The stress is independent of the bar length and cross-sectional area.
8A solid circular drive shaft of diameter D = 80 mm is subjected to an applied torque T = 5.0 kN·m. What is the maximum torsional shear stress (최대 비틀림 전단응력 τ_max) occurring at the outer surface of the shaft?
A.49.7 MPa
B.99.5 MPa
C.24.9 MPa
D.398 MPa
Explanation: The maximum torsional shear stress on a solid circular shaft is τ_max = T / Z_p, where Z_p is the polar section modulus: Z_p = (π D³) / 16. Substituting D = 80 mm: Z_p = π × (80)³ / 16 = 32,000π mm³ ≈ 100,531 mm³. With T = 5.0 kN·m = 5.0 × 10⁶ N·mm: τ_max = (5.0 × 10⁶) / 100,531 = 49.735 MPa ≈ 49.7 MPa.
9A rectangular timber beam has a cross-section of width b = 150 mm and depth h = 300 mm. If the beam is subjected to a bending moment M = 45 kN·m about its strong axis, what is the maximum flexural bending stress (최대 휨응력 σ_max)?
A.20.0 MPa
B.15.0 MPa
C.30.0 MPa
D.10.0 MPa
Explanation: The maximum flexural stress in a rectangular beam is given by the flexure formula σ_max = M / S, where S is the elastic section modulus: S = (b h²) / 6 = (150 × 300²) / 6 = 2,250,000 mm³ = 2.25 × 10⁶ mm³. Given M = 45 kN·m = 45 × 10⁶ N·mm, σ_max = (45 × 10⁶) / (2.25 × 10⁶) = 20.0 MPa.
10A rectangular beam with width b = 200 mm and depth h = 400 mm is subjected to a vertical shear force V = 120 kN. What is the maximum transverse shear stress (최대 전단응력 τ_max) located at the neutral axis of the cross-section?
A.2.25 MPa
B.1.50 MPa
C.3.00 MPa
D.0.75 MPa
Explanation: For a solid rectangular cross-section, the transverse shear stress varies parabolically with depth, reaching its maximum value at the neutral axis: τ_max = 1.5 × (V / A) = (3/2) × (V / (b × h)). Substituting the values: A = 200 × 400 = 80,000 mm², and average shear stress is V / A = 120,000 N / 80,000 mm² = 1.50 MPa. Therefore, τ_max = 1.5 × 1.50 = 2.25 MPa.

About the Engineer Civil Engineering Exam

Engineer Civil Engineering (토목기사) is South Korea's premier Engineer-grade national technical qualification in civil engineering, administered by the Human Resources Development Service of Korea (HRD Korea / Q-Net) under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). The written examination evaluates 120 four-option multiple-choice questions across six foundational disciplines: Applied Mechanics, Surveying, Hydraulics and Hydrology, Reinforced Concrete and Steel Structures, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, and Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering. Candidates passing the written paper advance to a 3-hour descriptive practical examination (필답형) covering civil design calculations, construction methods, and quantity takeoff (토목설계 및 시공실무). OpenExamPrep provides an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation designed for mastery of core engineering principles, mathematical problem solving, and Korean terminology.

Exam sponsor: HRD Korea (Q-Net) / Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Written paper covering 응용역학 (Applied Mechanics), 측량학 (Surveying), 수리학 및 수문학 (Hydraulics & Hydrology), 철근콘크리트 및 강구조 (RC & Steel Structures), 토질 및 기초 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations), and 상하수도공학 (Water & Wastewater Engineering) with 20 items and 30 minutes each (120 items / 180 minutes total), followed by a 3-hour, 100-point written-answer practical examination in 토목설계 및 시공실무. OpenExamPrep study weights cover all six written subjects.

Time Limit

180 minutes for the six written subjects (30 minutes each); practical: 3 hours written-answer

Passing Score

Written: 40+ per subject (과락 floor) and 60 average; practical: 60/100

Exam / Certification Fees

KRW 19,400 written / KRW 22,600 practical (Q-Net, 2026-09-20)

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

18%

Applied Mechanics (응용역학)

Equilibrium of coplanar forces, determinate truss analysis (joints and sections), SFD/BMD diagrams, flexure and shear stresses in beams, Mohr's circle of stress, deflection theorems, indeterminate beams, and Euler column buckling.

16%

Surveying (측량학)

Survey error propagation and most probable values, EDM and tape measurements, differential leveling and earth curvature corrections, closed traverse balancing via Bowditch rule, horizontal/vertical curves, earthwork volume calculation, and GNSS positioning.

17%

Hydraulics and Hydrology (수리학 및 수문학)

Fluid physical properties, hydrostatic forces on plane/curved gates, Bernoulli equation, pipe flow head loss (Darcy-Weisbach), open-channel hydraulics (Manning formula, critical flow, hydraulic jumps), precipitation averaging, rational runoff formula, unit hydrographs, and well hydraulics.

17%

Reinforced Concrete and Steel Structures (철근콘크리트 및 강구조)

KDS / USD ultimate strength design, singly/doubly reinforced beam moment capacity, shear reinforcement and stirrups, development lengths and splices, column axial-flexural interaction, prestressed concrete losses, and LRFD structural steel tension, compression, and connections.

17%

Soil Mechanics and Foundations (토질 및 기초)

Phase relationships (void ratio, porosity, saturation), soil classification (USCS), effective stress principle, 2D seepage flow nets, Proctor compaction, Terzaghi 1D consolidation settlement, Mohr-Coulomb shear strength, Rankine/Coulomb earth pressures, slope stability, and bearing capacity of footings and piles.

15%

Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering (상하수도공학)

Water demand forecasting, intake and conveyance facilities, water treatment train (coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, rapid filtration, disinfection), pipe network hydraulics, sewer system design (combined/separate), wastewater characterization (BOD/COD/SS), activated sludge kinetics (MCRT, F/M), nutrient removal (A2O), and sludge handling.

Preparing for the Engineer Civil Engineering Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Written: 40+ per subject (과락 floor) and 60 average; practical: 60/100
  • Assessment: Written paper covering 응용역학 (Applied Mechanics), 측량학 (Surveying), 수리학 및 수문학 (Hydraulics & Hydrology), 철근콘크리트 및 강구조 (RC & Steel Structures), 토질 및 기초 (Soil Mechanics & Foundations), and 상하수도공학 (Water & Wastewater Engineering) with 20 items and 30 minutes each (120 items / 180 minutes total), followed by a 3-hour, 100-point written-answer practical examination in 토목설계 및 시공실무. OpenExamPrep study weights cover all six written subjects.
  • Time limit: 180 minutes for the six written subjects (30 minutes each); practical: 3 hours written-answer
  • Exam / certification fees: KRW 19,400 written / KRW 22,600 practical (Q-Net, 2026-09-20) Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
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Engineer Civil Engineering: Suggested Study Strategy

1Prioritize high-calculation subjects early: Applied Mechanics (응용역학), Hydraulics (수리학), and RC (철근콘크리트) carry heavy calculation loads. Master standard shortcut formulas and units conversion to protect your 30-minute-per-subject timing.
2Beware of the 40% subject floor (과락): Applied Mechanics and Soil Mechanics often produce the highest failure rates due to tough numerical problems. Ensure you can reliably score at least 10 to 12 correct items on your weakest subject.
3Bridge Korean engineering terminology with standard SI units: Korean exams use standard KDS/MOLIT notations (fck, fy, ρb, Cc, Cv, qu) alongside specific Korean terms (지점반력, 휨모멘트, 전단응력, 간극비, 압밀계수, 첨두유량). Memorizing these pairs is essential.
4Prepare for the practical exam in parallel: Topics from Soil Mechanics (bearing capacity, settlement), RC (mix design, crack checks), and Construction Management (network scheduling, mass haul diagram) directly reappear in the 3-hour descriptive practical paper (필답형).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the official structure of the Engineer Civil Engineering (토목기사) examination?

The official exam consists of two sequential phases. Phase 1 is a 180-minute written examination featuring 120 four-option multiple-choice questions (20 questions across each of six subjects: Applied Mechanics, Surveying, Hydraulics and Hydrology, RC & Steel Structures, Soil Mechanics & Foundations, and Water Supply & Sewerage Engineering). Phase 2 is a 3-hour descriptive written-answer practical exam (필답형) in Civil Design and Construction Practice (토목설계 및 시공실무), worth 100 points.

What are the passing criteria and the 'gwarak' (과락) rule?

To pass the written examination, a candidate must obtain an overall average score of at least 60% (72 out of 120 questions correct across all six subjects) AND achieve at least 40% in every individual subject (at least 8 out of 20 correct per subject). Scoring below 40% (fewer than 8 correct) in any single subject constitutes an automatic disqualification ('gwarak', 과락), regardless of the total score. The practical exam requires at least 60 points out of 100.

What are the exam registration fees and where do candidates register?

As published on Q-Net (jmCd 1250, verified for 2026), the written exam registration fee is KRW 19,400, and the practical exam fee is KRW 22,600. Registration is conducted online through the official HRD Korea portal (q-net.or.kr) during designated national testing windows.

How long is a written exam pass valid for the practical exam?

Under Article 21 of the Enforcement Decree of the National Technical Qualifications Act (국가기술자격법 시행령 제21조), a candidate who passes the written examination is granted an exemption from the written test for exactly 2 years from the date of the written pass announcement, during which they can challenge the practical examination.

What is OpenExamPrep's relationship to the official Q-Net examination?

OpenExamPrep provides an independent English-language MCQ practice bank covering the written topics and Korean technical terminology. It is not affiliated with or endorsed by HRD Korea or MOLIT. The official Q-Net examination is administered in Korean, and candidates must take the official test and practical paper through Q-Net.