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Key Facts: ORT Chemistry Exam

Official Questions

ЦООМО / CEATM Specification

80 min

Testing Duration

ЦООМО / CEATM

60 pts

Threshold Cutoff Score

Ministry of Education and Science KR

470 KGS

Subject Test Fee

ЦООМО 2026

Kyrgyz / Russian

Official Test Languages

testing.kg

The Kyrgyzstan ORT Chemistry subject test features 40 multiple-choice questions completed in 80 minutes and costs 470 KGS. Required for medical, pharmacy, biotechnology, and chemical faculties, candidates must achieve at least 60 points to qualify for state grant competition. This bank provides 100 English-language practice questions with full explanations.

Sample ORT Chemistry Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the ORT Chemistry exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which set of quantum numbers (n, l, m_l, m_s) is permissible for the highest-energy valence electron of a neutral potassium atom (Z = 19) in its ground state?

A.n = 4, l = 0, m_l = 0, m_s = +1/2

B.n = 3, l = 0, m_l = 0, m_s = +1/2

C.n = 4, l = 1, m_l = 0, m_s = +1/2

D.n = 3, l = 2, m_l = 0, m_s = -1/2

Explanation: Potassium (Z = 19) has the ground-state electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹. The outermost valence electron occupies the 4s subshell, which is defined by principal quantum number n = 4, orbital angular momentum quantum number l = 0, magnetic quantum number m_l = 0, and spin quantum number m_s = +1/2 (or -1/2).

2What is the total number of unpaired electrons in the ground state of an isolated gaseous chromium atom (Z = 24)?

A.4

B.2

C.6

D.5

Explanation: Chromium exhibits an anomalous electron configuration driven by the exceptional stability of a half-filled 3d subshell. Instead of the expected [Ar] 3d⁴ 4s², chromium adopts the ground-state configuration [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹. According to Hund's rule, all five 3d orbitals and the single 4s orbital each contain one unpaired electron with parallel spins, resulting in a total of 6 unpaired electrons.

3When a chlorine atom (Z = 17) transitions from its ground state to its third excited state by absorbing energy, how many unpaired electrons does it possess?

A.1

B.3

C.5

D.7

Explanation: In its ground state, chlorine has the valence configuration 3s² 3p⁵ with 1 unpaired electron (valency I). In the first excited state, one 3p electron unpairs and promotes to an empty 3d orbital (3s² 3p⁴ 3d¹), yielding 3 unpaired electrons (valency III). In the second excited state, another 3p electron promotes (3s² 3p³ 3d²), yielding 5 unpaired electrons (valency V). In the third excited state, the paired 3s electron promotes (3s¹ 3p³ 3d³), resulting in 7 unpaired electrons and enabling chlorine to exhibit its maximum oxidation state of +7.

4A sample of naturally occurring boron consists of two stable isotopes: ¹⁰B (atomic mass = 10.01 amu) and ¹¹B (atomic mass = 11.01 amu). If the average relative atomic mass of boron is 10.81 amu, what is the natural percentage abundance of ¹⁰B?

A.20%

B.80%

C.10%

D.50%

Explanation: Let x be the fraction of ¹⁰B and (1 - x) be the fraction of ¹¹B. Using the weighted average atomic mass equation: 10.01x + 11.01(1 - x) = 10.81. Expanding gives 10.01x + 11.01 - 11.01x = 10.81, which simplifies to -1.00x = -0.20, so x = 0.20 or 20%. Therefore, ¹⁰B has an abundance of 20% and ¹¹B has an abundance of 80%.

5Which of the following series arranges the chemical species in order of strictly decreasing radius?

A.K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Cl⁻ > S²⁻

B.Cl⁻ > S²⁻ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺

C.Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > Cl⁻ > S²⁻

D.S²⁻ > Cl⁻ > K⁺ > Ca²⁺

Explanation: The species S²⁻, Cl⁻, K⁺, and Ca²⁺ form an isoelectronic series, each possessing 18 electrons with the argon configuration ([Ne] 3s² 3p⁶). In an isoelectronic series, the ionic radius decreases as the nuclear charge (atomic number Z) increases, because a higher number of protons exerts a stronger electrostatic pull on the identical electron cloud. With nuclear charges of S (Z = 16), Cl (Z = 17), K (Z = 19), and Ca (Z = 20), the ionic radii decrease in the order S²⁻ > Cl⁻ > K⁺ > Ca²⁺.

6Why is the first ionization energy of nitrogen (Z = 7, 1402 kJ/mol) higher than that of oxygen (Z = 8, 1314 kJ/mol), despite oxygen having a higher nuclear charge?

A.Nitrogen possesses a stable, half-filled 2p³ subshell, whereas oxygen has a paired electron in one 2p orbital that experiences inter-electronic repulsion.

B.Nitrogen has a smaller atomic radius than oxygen.

C.The valence electrons of oxygen experience much greater core electron shielding than those of nitrogen.

D.Nitrogen has an extra electron shell compared to oxygen.

Explanation: Nitrogen has the valence electron configuration 2s² 2p³, where each of the three 2p orbitals contains exactly one electron with parallel spins, conferring extra exchange energy and stability. Oxygen has the configuration 2s² 2p⁴, in which two electrons must share one 2p orbital (2px² 2py¹ 2pz¹). The electrostatic repulsion between these two paired electrons in the same orbital raises the energy of the electron, making it easier to remove than an electron from nitrogen's symmetric half-filled subshell.

7Which of the following elements has the greatest electronegativity value on the Pauling scale?

A.Chlorine

B.Fluorine

C.Oxygen

D.Nitrogen

Explanation: Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table, assigned a value of 3.98 (approximately 4.0) on the Pauling scale. Its small atomic radius and high effective nuclear charge give it an exceptional attraction for shared bonding electrons. Oxygen follows at approximately 3.44, chlorine at 3.16, and nitrogen at 3.04.

8In which of the following molecules or ions does a coordinate (dative) covalent bond exist?

A.CH₄

B.H₂O

C.NH₄⁺

D.NaCl

Explanation: In the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺), three of the N-H bonds are formed by standard shared electron pairs between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms, while the fourth bond is formed when the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of ammonia (:NH₃) is donated into the vacant 1s orbital of a hydrogen ion (H⁺). This donor-acceptor interaction constitutes a coordinate (dative) covalent bond, even though all four N-H bonds are experimentally identical in length and strength once formed.

9Which ionic crystal lattice possesses the highest lattice energy (most negative enthalpy of lattice formation)?

A.NaCl

B.KCl

C.MgO

D.CaO

Explanation: According to Coulomb's law, lattice energy is directly proportional to the product of ionic charges (|q₁ · q₂|) and inversely proportional to the sum of the ionic radii (r₀ = r⁺ + r⁻). In MgO, the ions carry charges of +2 and -2, giving a charge product of 4, compared to a charge product of 1 for NaCl and KCl (+1 and -1). Comparing MgO and CaO, both have charges of ±2, but the Mg²⁺ cation (0.72 Å) is significantly smaller than Ca²⁺ (1.00 Å), resulting in a shorter interionic distance and substantially greater lattice energy in MgO (~3791 kJ/mol vs ~3401 kJ/mol for CaO).

10Water (H₂O) has a boiling point of 100 °C, whereas hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) boils at -60 °C, despite H₂S having a greater molecular mass. What accounts for this dramatic difference?

A.The covalent H-O bonds in water are much stronger than the H-S bonds in hydrogen sulfide.

B.Liquid water undergoes complete electrolytic dissociation into H⁺ and OH⁻ ions.

C.Water has a linear molecular geometry that enables tighter crystal packing than bent H₂S.

D.Water molecules form extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonds, whereas H₂S molecules interact primarily through weak dipole-dipole forces and London dispersion forces.

Explanation: Oxygen has a high electronegativity (3.44) and a very small atomic radius, which polarizes the O-H bond strongly and allows the partially positive hydrogen atoms to engage in strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding with lone pairs on adjacent oxygen atoms. In contrast, sulfur has a much lower electronegativity (2.58) and larger atomic volume, preventing significant hydrogen bonding; H₂S molecules are held together only by weak dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces, resulting in a much lower boiling point.

About the ORT Chemistry Exam

The ORT Subject Test in Chemistry (Предметный тест ОРТ по химии / ЖРТ химия боюнча предметтик тест) is an elective standardized examination administered nationwide in Kyrgyzstan by the Center for Educational Assessment and Teaching Methods (ЦООМО / CEATM) under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic. It is mandatory for applicants seeking state-funded grants and tuition-based admission to university programs in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, chemical engineering, biotechnology, veterinary medicine, and agronomy. The official exam comprises 40 multiple-choice questions completed in 80 minutes, scored on a standardized scale where 60 points represents the official cutoff threshold for grant competition. Note: The real exam is administered exclusively in Kyrgyz and Russian; this practice bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation designed to help students master core chemical theory, qualitative equations, and multi-step quantitative calculations.

Exam sponsor: Center for Educational Assessment and Teaching Methods (ЦООМО / CEATM). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

40 multiple-choice questions with 4 answer choices each (A, B, C, D); single correct answer; paper-and-pencil format with OMR bubble sheet

Time Limit

80 minutes

Passing Score

60 points

Exam / Certification Fees

470 KGS

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

30%

General Chemistry

Atomic structure, orbital filling, electronegativity, chemical bonding, reaction rates, chemical equilibrium, Le Chatelier's principle, electrolytic dissociation, pH, and redox balancing.

30%

Inorganic Chemistry

Properties and reactions of halogens, chalcogens, pnictogens, carbon, silicon, alkali and alkaline earth metals, aluminum, transition metals, amphoterism, and qualitative ion analysis.

25%

Organic Chemistry

Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, fats, carbohydrates, amino acids, and high-molecular polymers.

15%

Stoichiometric Calculations

Mass fraction of elements, molar volume of gases at STP, solution concentration by mass, limiting reactants, theoretical and actual yields, and multi-step reaction stoichiometry.

Preparing for the ORT Chemistry Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 60 points
Assessment: 40 multiple-choice questions with 4 answer choices each (A, B, C, D); single correct answer; paper-and-pencil format with OMR bubble sheet
Time limit: 80 minutes
Exam / certification fees: 470 KGS Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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ORT Chemistry: Suggested Study Strategy

1Practice multi-step stoichiometric calculations by hand without an electronic calculator to build speed and numerical precision for the 80-minute exam.

2Memorize standard molar masses (C=12, H=1, O=16, N=14, S=32, Na=23, Cl=35.5, K=39, Ca=40, Cu=64, Fe=56, Ag=108) and gas molar volume at STP (22.4 L/mol).

3Master the rules of oxidation states and ion-electron balancing for redox reactions involving KMnO4, K2Cr2O7, and concentrated HNO3 / H2SO4.

4Thoroughly review qualitative reactions for identifying cations (Ag+, Ba2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, NH4+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-, SO42-, CO32-, PO43-).

5Understand Markovnikov's rule, Zaitsev's rule, and functional group transformations connecting alkanes, alkyl halides, alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the ORT Subject Test in Chemistry in Kyrgyzstan?

The ORT Subject Test in Chemistry (Предметный тест ОРТ по химии / ЖРТ химия боюнча предметтик тест) is a standardized subject-specific exam administered by ЦООМО (CEATM). It assesses high school chemistry competence and is required for admission to medical, pharmaceutical, biochemical, and agricultural university faculties across Kyrgyzstan.

How many questions are on the real ORT Chemistry test, and what is the time limit?

The official CEATM examination consists of 40 multiple-choice questions, and test-takers are allotted 80 minutes (an average of 2 minutes per question). The test uses an optical mark reader (OMR) answer sheet.

What is the passing threshold score for ORT Chemistry?

The official threshold score set by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic is 60 points. Scoring below 60 points disqualifies a candidate from competing for state budget (grant) seats or contract admission in chemistry-dependent specialties.

How much does the ORT Chemistry subject test cost?

The registration fee for each subject test is 470 KGS (Kyrgyz som). This is paid separately from the main (general) ORT test registration fee.

Is this practice bank identical in language to the official Kyrgyz exam?

No. The official CEATM ORT Chemistry test is administered in Kyrgyz and Russian. This resource is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation for chemical principles, reaction equations, and calculations—not an official translation or a substitute for the live paper.

Are calculators allowed during the ORT Chemistry exam?

No. Electronic calculators are strictly prohibited during the ORT examination in Kyrgyzstan. Candidates are provided with scratch paper and official reference sheets containing the Periodic Table, the Solubility of Salts, Acids, and Bases in Water Table, and the Electrochemical Series of Metal Voltages. All arithmetic calculations must be performed by hand.

Free Practice Questions for ORT Chemistry

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