PracticeVideosBlogFlashcardsEspañol
All Practice Exams

Free Practice Questions for Japan Business Law Examination

Exam-style questions and explanations by OpenExamPrep.

✓ No registration✓ No credit card
Exam pass rate: FY2025: Grade 3 47.6% (9,352 / 19,652), Grade 2 39.8% (5,080 / 12,779), Grade 1 9.2% (48 / 521). Round 59 (2026 S1): Grade 2 35.6% (2,201 / 6,183), Grade 3 56.9% (5,602 / 9,840).
100+ Questions
100% Free

Loading practice questions...

Exam Review

Key Facts: Japan Business Law Examination Exam

7,700 JPY

Grade 2 IBT fee (tax included)

東京商工会議所 試験要項

90 minutes

Grade 2/3 multiple-choice time

東京商工会議所 試験要項

70 / 100

Grade 2 and Grade 3 pass mark

東京商工会議所 試験要項

39.8%

FY2025 Grade 2 pass rate (5,080 / 12,779)

東京商工会議所 データ

22 Oct–9 Nov 2026

Round 60 Grade 2/3 test window

東京商工会議所 試験要項

ビジネス実務法務検定試験 is Tokyo CCI's business-law kentei. Grade 2: 90-minute Japanese MCQ, 7,700 JPY IBT, 70/100. This bank is independent English MCQ study for Grade 2 topics, not the official papers.

Sample Japan Business Law Examination Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Japan Business Law Examination exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Civil Code (民法) Article 522, when is a contract formed, and is a written instrument required as a general rule?
A.A contract is formed only when both parties sign a written instrument before a notary
B.A contract is formed when an offer stating the terms is accepted; unless a statute requires a form, writing is unnecessary
C.A contract is formed only if each party gives consideration of equal value
D.A contract is formed when the parties begin performance, even if neither has manifested assent
Explanation: Article 522(1) forms a contract when one party offers terms and the other accepts. Article 522(2) states that, unless a law otherwise requires a form, writing or other formalities are not needed. Japanese contract law therefore treats many oral and electronic deals as valid once assent matches.
2Company A emails a firm price offer for 1,000 units. Company B replies, 'Agreed at that price.' No deposit is paid. Under the Civil Code, which statement is correct?
A.No contract exists until a deposit or other consideration is paid
B.No contract exists because commercial contracts must be notarized
C.A contract can exist from matching offer and acceptance even without a deposit
D.A contract exists only after goods are shipped
Explanation: Japanese law forms contracts by corresponding manifestations of intention (Article 522). A deposit is not an element of formation. Shipment and notarization matter only if the parties or a statute make them conditions, which they are not by default.
3A platform operator uses 定型約款 (standard form contract terms) for thousands of similar user agreements. Under Civil Code Articles 548-2 through 548-4, which statement is most accurate?
A.Standard terms never become contract content unless every clause is separately initialed
B.If the user agreed that the standard terms would be the contract, individual clauses are generally deemed agreed, except a clause that unilaterally harms the user and that the user could not reasonably have expected
C.The operator may rewrite any clause at any time without notice, because standard terms are not contracts
D.Standard terms bind only consumers; they cannot apply between businesses
Explanation: Article 548-2 deems agreement to individual standard terms when the parties agreed that those terms would govern a 定型取引, or when the preparer displayed them in advance. A surprising clause that unilaterally harms the counterparty is deemed not agreed. Article 548-4 allows later amendment only on stated conditions, including general benefit or objective reasonableness plus publicity.
4A seller delivers machines that do not match the contract as to kind, quality, or quantity. Under Civil Code Article 562, what may the buyer generally demand first as a cure (追完)?
A.Only a full refund; repair or replacement is never available
B.Repair, delivery of a substitute, or delivery of the missing quantity, unless the non-conformity is due to grounds attributable to the buyer
C.Criminal prosecution of the seller's representative director
D.Automatic cancellation without any demand, in every quantity shortfall however small
Explanation: Article 562 lets the buyer demand cure by repair, substitute delivery, or topping up quantity. The seller may use a different cure method if it does not unduly burden the buyer. If the non-conformity is attributable to the buyer, the cure claim is barred. Price reduction, damages, and cancellation sit alongside cure under Articles 563 and 564.
5In a sale, the buyer later discovers that the goods' kind or quality does not conform to the contract. Under Civil Code Article 566, what happens if the buyer does not notify the seller of that non-conformity within one year after becoming aware of it?
A.The buyer generally may not pursue cure, price reduction, damages, or cancellation based on that non-conformity, unless the seller was aware of it or grossly negligent in not knowing
B.The buyer still has 10 years from delivery with no notice duty
C.Notice is required within 14 days, following the Commercial Code's former inspection rule as the only period
D.The one-year clock starts at delivery even if the buyer could not discover the defect
Explanation: Article 566 limits kind-or-quality non-conformity remedies unless the buyer notifies the seller within one year from awareness. The limit does not apply if the seller knew, or did not know through gross negligence. Quantity claims and the seller's bad faith are treated differently; do not confuse this one-year notice with extinctive prescription under Article 166.
6In a bilateral contract, neither side has yet performed. The seller sues for the price while still holding the goods. What defense does Civil Code Article 533 generally give the buyer?
A.The buyer must always pay first because money obligations are due immediately
B.The buyer may refuse performance until the seller tenders its own performance (simultaneous performance, 同時履行の抗弁)
C.The buyer may refuse forever, which extinguishes the price claim
D.Only a consumer buyer may withhold performance
Explanation: Article 533 allows a party to a bilateral contract to refuse its performance until the other party tenders performance. It is a dilatory defense, not an extinction of the claim. Business-to-business sales use the same rule unless the contract or usage changes the order of performance.
7A buyer pays earnest money (手付) under Civil Code Article 557. Neither party has begun performance. Which cancellation method is the statutory default?
A.Only a court may cancel, and the earnest money is always returned in full
B.The buyer may cancel by forfeiting the earnest money; the seller may cancel by refunding twice that amount
C.Either party may cancel with no money consequence because earnest money is only evidence of formation
D.Earnest money always becomes a penalty that the seller keeps even if the seller is the one cancelling
Explanation: Article 557 treats paid earnest money as a cancellation device: the payer forfeits it to walk away; the recipient refunds double to walk away. Once the other party has commenced performance, this easy cancellation route closes. Parties may agree a different function (deposit toward price, penalty), but the default is this double-or-forfeit structure.
8A supplier misses a delivery. Under Civil Code Articles 541 and 542, when may the buyer cancel without first setting a grace period (催告)?
A.In every delay, because time is always of the essence in Japanese sales
B.Only after a final judgment for damages
C.When a statutory no-demand ground exists, such as impossibility of performance, a clear refusal to perform, or a delay that defeats the contract's purpose (including true 定期行為)
D.Never; a written demand with a two-week period is always indispensable
Explanation: Article 541 is the ordinary path: demand performance with a reasonable period, then cancel if the default continues. Article 542 lists cases where demand is unnecessary, including impossibility, definite refusal, and delay that makes attaining the purpose impossible. A trivial remaining default still cannot support cancellation (Articles 541 proviso and 542(2)).
9A company signs a purchase contract under a mistake (錯誤) about a material element of the juristic act. Under Civil Code Article 95, which statement is correct?
A.Mistake always makes the contract void from the outset, even against a good-faith assignee
B.The mistaken party may generally cancel, but if the mistake was due to that party's gross negligence, cancellation is barred except in specified cases such as the other party having the same gross negligence or knowing of the mistake
C.Mistake is irrelevant because Japanese law recognizes only fraud and duress
D.Only a consumer may invoke mistake; business parties are strictly liable for their wording
Explanation: The 2020 Civil Code treats material mistake as grounds for cancellation (not automatic voidness). Gross negligence on the mistaken side generally blocks cancellation, with exceptions when the other party was equally grossly negligent, knew, or caused the mistake. Third-party protection also applies after cancellation.
10Under Civil Code Article 166(1), when does a typical claim (債権) become time-barred?
A.Only 20 years after the claim arises, with no shorter period
B.Two years after invoice, because all commercial claims still use the deleted Commercial Code five-year or two-year special periods
C.Five years from when the creditor knew the right was exercisable, or 10 years from when the right became exercisable, whichever comes first
D.Claims never expire between merchants
Explanation: Article 166(1) uses a subjective five-year period from knowledge that the right can be exercised and an objective 10-year period from when it can be exercised. The earlier completion extinguishes the claim upon invocation (援用). Occupational short periods and the old commercial five-year period were abolished in the 2020 reform.

About the Japan Business Law Examination Exam

ビジネス実務法務検定試験 is Tokyo CCI's Japan Business Law Examination. Grades 2 and 3 are 90-minute Japanese multiple-choice sittings (IBT or CBT). Grade 2 IBT is 7,700 JPY and passes at 70 of 100. Grade 3 IBT is 5,500 JPY. CBT adds 2,200 JPY. Grade 1 is a separate typed-essay CBT (12,100 JPY; 140 of 200 plus per-essay 50%). 2026 Grade 2/3 windows include Round 60 from 22 October to 9 November. Official English titles are ビジネス法務リーダー® (Grade 3), ビジネス法務エキスパート® (Grade 2), and ビジネス法務エグゼクティブ® (Grade 1). OpenExamPrep publishes independent English multiple-choice study for the Grade 2 2026 official-textbook topics (Grade 3 scope included). It is not an official translation, not a simulation of IBT software, and not a substitute for Grade 1 論述.

Exam sponsor: 東京商工会議所 (with local chambers); IBT/CBT via Excert. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Private kentei by 東京商工会議所. Three grades, separately applied. Grades 2–3: Japanese 多肢選択式, 90 minutes, IBT (home/office) or CBT (test center); 2026 Rounds 59 (18 Jun–6 Jul) and 60 (22 Oct–9 Nov). Grade 1: CBT 論述 on a fixed Sunday (Round 60: 6 Dec 2026), 90 minutes common + 90 minutes selected. Rounds 59–60 follow statutes in force on 1 December 2025.

Time Limit

Grades 2 and 3: 90 minutes. Grade 1: 90 minutes (common) plus 90 minutes (selected) on one Sunday.

Passing Score

Grades 2 and 3: 70 of 100. Grade 1: 140 of 200 and at least 50% on each scored essay. Quasi-Grade 1 (準1級) is a separate score band for some Grade 1 non-passers.

Exam / Certification Fees

Grade 3 IBT 5,500 JPY; Grade 2 IBT 7,700 JPY; CBT adds 2,200 JPY. Grade 1: 9,900 JPY + 2,200 JPY CBT. Tax included.

Exam sponsor website

Reported exam pass rate: FY2025: Grade 3 47.6% (9,352 / 19,652), Grade 2 39.8% (5,080 / 12,779), Grade 1 9.2% (48 / 521). Round 59 (2026 S1): Grade 2 35.6% (2,201 / 6,183), Grade 3 56.9% (5,602 / 9,840).. This describes exam candidates, not OpenExamPrep users or results from using our resources. Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

12%

企業取引・契約

Contract formation, performance, breach, and commercial contracts (Grade 2 Ch. 1).

8%

企業財産・知的財産

Asset management and IP (Ch. 2).

6%

企業間取引規制

Antimonopoly and related inter-firm rules (Ch. 3).

8%

消費者取引規制

Consumer Contract Act, Specified Commercial Transactions Act, Product Liability Act (Ch. 4).

15%

情報・デジタル・表示

Personal information, digital rules, advertising (Ch. 5–7).

5%

金融・証券規制

Financial and securities conduct (Ch. 8).

18%

担保・回収・倒産

Security, collection, insolvency (Ch. 9–11).

6%

紛争予防と対応

Litigation and ADR (Ch. 12).

10%

株式会社の組織と運営

Companies Act organs and shares (Ch. 13).

12%

雇用・行政・国際

Employment, local-government, and international chapters (Ch. 14–16).

Preparing for the Japan Business Law Examination Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Grades 2 and 3: 70 of 100. Grade 1: 140 of 200 and at least 50% on each scored essay. Quasi-Grade 1 (準1級) is a separate score band for some Grade 1 non-passers.
  • Assessment: Private kentei by 東京商工会議所. Three grades, separately applied. Grades 2–3: Japanese 多肢選択式, 90 minutes, IBT (home/office) or CBT (test center); 2026 Rounds 59 (18 Jun–6 Jul) and 60 (22 Oct–9 Nov). Grade 1: CBT 論述 on a fixed Sunday (Round 60: 6 Dec 2026), 90 minutes common + 90 minutes selected. Rounds 59–60 follow statutes in force on 1 December 2025.
  • Time limit: Grades 2 and 3: 90 minutes. Grade 1: 90 minutes (common) plus 90 minutes (selected) on one Sunday.
  • Exam / certification fees: Grade 3 IBT 5,500 JPY; Grade 2 IBT 7,700 JPY; CBT adds 2,200 JPY. Grade 1: 9,900 JPY + 2,200 JPY CBT. Tax included. Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Japan Business Law Examination: Suggested Study Strategy

1Use the 2026 Grade 2 official textbook as the outline; Grade 2 includes Grade 3 scope.
2Confirm statutes against the 1 December 2025 cutoff used for Rounds 59–60.
3Practice Japanese 多肢選択式 items separately; this English bank cannot replace IBT timing or software.
4Do not treat Grade 1 論述 as four-option MCQ; that sitting is typed essays with a per-question 50% floor.
5Cite article numbers only from e-Gov text, not from memory or prep-school summaries.

Frequently Asked Questions

Who administers ビジネス実務法務検定試験?

The Tokyo Chamber of Commerce and Industry (東京商工会議所), with local chambers. It is a private kentei, not a Ministry of Justice licensing exam.

Are Grades 1, 2, and 3 the same sitting?

No. Each grade is applied for separately. Grades 2 and 3 are 90-minute Japanese multiple-choice IBT or CBT. Grade 1 is a typed-essay CBT on a fixed Sunday. This practice bank studies Grade 2 textbook topics (which include Grade 3).

What are the 2026 Grade 2 fees and pass mark?

IBT 7,700 JPY; CBT 7,700 JPY plus 2,200 JPY. Pass is 70 of 100 points. Round 60 Grade 2/3 window is 22 October–9 November 2026.

Does this bank replace the official Japanese IBT papers?

No. Official papers are Japanese. This is independent English MCQ study. It is not an official translation and not a Grade 1 論述 simulation.