PracticeVideosBlogFlashcardsEspañol
All Practice Exams

Free Practice Questions for Esame di Stato Commercialista

Exam-style questions and explanations by OpenExamPrep.

✓ No registration✓ No credit card
100+ Questions
100% Free

Loading practice questions...

Same family resources

Explore More Esami di Stato per l'Abilitazione Professionale (Italy)

Continue into nearby exams from the same family. Each card keeps practice questions, study guides, flashcards, videos, and articles in one place.

Esame di Stato per Conservatore dei Beni Architettonici e Ambientali (Italy)

Practice Questions

Esame di Stato per Dottore Agronomo e Dottore Forestale (Italy)

Practice Questions

Esame di Stato per la Professione di Assistente Sociale (Italy)

Practice Questions

Esame di Stato per la Professione di Chimico (Italy)

Practice Questions

Esame di Stato per la Professione di Fisico (Italy)

Practice Questions

Esame di Stato per la Professione di Geologo (Italy)

Practice Questions
Exam Review

Key Facts: Esame di Stato Commercialista Exam

D.Lgs. 139/2005

Primary statute governing the profession and examination

Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana

Section A & B

Professional register sections (Commercialista / Esperto Contabile)

Albo ODCEC

3 written + 1 oral

Official statutory examination structure

D.Lgs. 139/2005 Art. 46

30/50 per test

Minimum passing threshold for each exam component

MUR Examination Regulations

CCII (D.Lgs. 14/2019)

Core framework for business crisis and insolvency

Codice della Crisi d'Impresa

€49.58 + Local Fee

National government tax plus host university contribution

MUR / University Notices

English MCQ adaptation

Independent study format, not the official Italian sitting

OpenExamPrep

The Esame di Stato per Dottore Commercialista ed Esperto Contabile is Italy's statutory qualification examination for ODCEC Sections A and B under D.Lgs. 139/2005. Each route uses three written tests, including a practical test, followed by an oral examination, with subject depth varying by section. This independent bank offers 100 English-language MCQs focused mainly on Section A accounting, tax, company-law, insolvency, finance, auditing, and ethics knowledge; it does not simulate the official performances.

Sample Esame di Stato Commercialista Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the Esame di Stato Commercialista exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 2423 of the Italian Civil Code, what are the overarching statutory general principles (clausola generale) that must govern the preparation of the corporate balance sheet (bilancio d'esercizio)?
A.The balance sheet must follow tax deduction rules and ignore economic accrual accounting
B.The balance sheet must maximize net reported accounting profit to ensure the highest possible dividend distribution to shareholders
C.The balance sheet must value all tangible and intangible fixed assets exclusively at current market replacement value
D.The balance sheet must be drawn up clearly and must give a true and fair view (rappresentazione veritiera e corretta) of the company's assets, liabilities, financial position, and economic result
Explanation: Article 2423, paragraph 2 of the Italian Civil Code requires clarity and a true and fair representation of the company's patrimonial and financial situation and the year's economic result. Cash-flow information is provided through the rendiconto finanziario, but cash flows are not an extra phrase in this statutory general clause.
2Under Article 2423-bis of the Italian Civil Code and OIC 11, what is the core meaning of the principle of prudence (principio della prudenza)?
A.Fixed assets must be written down to zero within two years of acquisition regardless of useful life
B.All anticipated future revenues of the subsequent three years must be booked immediately to improve credit ratings
C.Only profits realized before the balance sheet closing date may be recognized, whereas all foreseeable risks and potential losses must be taken into account, even if known after the closing date
D.Liabilities should only be recognized when formal enforcement action has been initiated by a court bailiff
Explanation: Article 2423-bis, paragraph 1, items 1, 2, and 4 dictates that: (1) valuations must be made prudently and on a going-concern basis; (2) only profits realized by the closing date can be included; and (3) all risks and losses pertaining to the financial year must be recognized, even if becoming known after the close of the financial year.
3According to OIC 9 (Svalutazioni per perdite durevoli di valore), when must an Italian company record an impairment write-down on a tangible or intangible fixed asset?
A.Whenever the general consumer price index (ISTAT) drops by more than 2% in a calendar year
B.When the asset's recoverable amount (valore recuperabile, defined as the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use) is lower than its net carrying book value
C.Only if the asset has been completely destroyed by physical fire or catastrophe
D.Automatically every five years as a routine accounting reserve adjustment
Explanation: Under OIC 9 and Article 2426 item 3 of the Civil Code, fixed assets that show permanent impairment must be written down to their recoverable amount (valore recuperabile), which is defined as the greater of fair value net of disposal costs and value in use (valore d'uso calculated via discounted future cash flows).
4A company purchases industrial plant machinery for €100,000 on January 1, Year 1. Ancillary capitalized installation costs amount to €10,000. The asset has an estimated useful life of 10 years with zero residual salvage value, depreciated straight-line. On December 31, Year 3, an impairment test under OIC 9 determines that the recoverable amount of the machinery is €65,000. What is the impairment loss (svalutazione) to be recognized in the Year 3 income statement?
A.€12,000
B.€15,000
C.€8,000
D.€0 (no impairment is required)
Explanation: Total capitalized cost = €100,000 + €10,000 = €110,000. Annual straight-line depreciation = €110,000 / 10 = €11,000 per year. After 3 years (Years 1, 2, and 3), accumulated depreciation = 3 × €11,000 = €33,000. Net carrying book value prior to impairment = €110,000 - €33,000 = €77,000. Recoverable amount = €65,000. Impairment loss = Net Book Value - Recoverable Amount = €77,000 - €65,000 = €12,000.
5Under OIC 16 (Immobilizzazioni materiali), which costs may be included in the initial carrying value of a purchased tangible fixed asset?
A.Only the base factory production cost, strictly excluding all transportation and customs fees
B.The purchase price plus administrative overhead and executive general management salaries
C.The market price of the asset plus all future advertising expenses associated with the products it will manufacture
D.The purchase invoice price net of commercial discounts, plus directly attributable ancillary costs necessary to bring the asset to its working location and operational condition
Explanation: OIC 16 and Article 2426, item 1 of the Civil Code prescribe that tangible assets are recorded at purchase cost, which includes the actual price paid plus all directly attributable ancillary costs (oneri accessori di diretta imputazione) such as customs duties, transportation, installation, foundation works, and testing fees.
6Under Article 2426, item 5 of the Italian Civil Code and OIC 24, under what conditions may development costs (costi di sviluppo) be capitalized as intangible assets?
A.Only if the company generated a net loss in the preceding financial year
B.At the sole discretion of the chief executive officer without any board or auditor consultation
C.With the consent of the Board of Statutory Auditors (Collegio Sindacale), provided they relate to clearly defined, technologically feasible projects for which the company intends and is able to produce identifiable future economic benefits
D.Research and development costs can never be capitalized under any circumstances in Italy
Explanation: Article 2426, item 5 of the Civil Code requires the consent of the Collegio Sindacale, where present, before development costs are capitalized. OIC 24 also requires a defined project, technical feasibility, intended completion/use, adequate resources, recoverability, and reliably measurable costs; capitalization is amortized over useful life, with a maximum five-year period only when useful life cannot be reliably estimated.
7What legal restriction on dividend distribution is imposed by Article 2426, item 5 of the Civil Code when unamortized capitalized development costs are present on the balance sheet?
A.The company is completely barred from paying dividends for a mandatory period of ten consecutive years
B.Dividends can only be distributed if available reserves are sufficient to cover the unamortized amount of capitalized development costs
C.Dividends must be paid entirely in newly issued corporate bonds rather than cash
D.Shareholders must deposit 50% of any received dividend in an escrow account with the Ministry of Economy
Explanation: To protect corporate capital against premature profit extraction on capitalized intangibles, Article 2426, item 5 establishes that as long as development costs are not fully amortized, dividends can be distributed only if there are available reserves at least equal to the unamortized balance.
8Under OIC 13 (Rimanenze) and Article 2426, item 9 of the Civil Code, how must inventory (rimanenze di magazzino) be valued at the close of the financial year?
A.At the lower of purchase or production cost and net realizable market value (minore tra costo e valore di realizzazione desumibile dall'andamento del mercato)
B.At current replacement cost plus a statutory profit markup of 10%
C.At highest historical selling price recorded during the financial year
D.Always at nominal invoice cost regardless of market obsolescence or price collapse
Explanation: Article 2426, item 9 establishes the lower of cost and net realizable value rule (cost or market): inventories are valued at purchase or production cost, but if the net realizable value inferable from market trends is lower, they must be written down to that lower value.
9A trading firm has the following inventory transactions for raw material Alpha during Year 1: Beginning inventory: 100 units at €10. Purchase 1 (March): 200 units at €12. Purchase 2 (September): 200 units at €15. Sale (November): 350 units. Using the periodic Weighted Average Cost (Costo Medio Ponderato) method, what is the value of the ending inventory of 150 units at year-end?
A.€1,800
B.€2,250
C.€1,500
D.€1,920
Explanation: Total goods available for sale: (100 × €10) + (200 × €12) + (200 × €15) = €1,000 + €2,400 + €3,000 = €6,400. Total units available = 100 + 200 + 200 = 500 units. Weighted average cost per unit = €6,400 / 500 = €12.80 per unit. Ending inventory = 150 units × €12.80 = €1,920.
10Under OIC 15, OIC 19, and Article 2426, item 8 of the Civil Code, how are receivables and debts generally measured?
A.At future expected market replacement price adjusted for inflation
B.At nominal invoice value without any bad debt provisions or discounting
C.At amortized cost, taking account of the time value of money; receivables must also reflect their estimated realizable value through appropriate impairment
D.At zero until physical bank collection occurs
Explanation: Article 2426, item 8 generally requires amortized cost and consideration of the time value of money for receivables and debts, subject to statutory simplifications and immateriality. OIC 15 additionally requires receivables to be presented at estimated realizable value after impairment; that realizability adjustment does not apply symmetrically to debts.

About the Esame di Stato Commercialista Exam

The Esame di Stato per Dottore Commercialista ed Esperto Contabile is the national statutory licensing examination governed by Legislative Decree 139/2005 and annual MUR ordinances. Passing the relevant route is required to enroll in Section A (Dottori Commercialisti) or Section B (Esperti Contabili) of the ODCEC register. Administered in two annual sessions at designated universities, the official assessment uses three written tests, including a practical test, and an oral examination; Section A and Section B have different statutory subject depth. The ordinary language is Italian, with a German option at Trento for eligible EU citizens resident in Italy. This bank is independent English-language MCQ study support focused mainly on Section A knowledge; it is neither an official translation nor a substitute for writing, practical drafting, or oral practice.

Exam sponsor: Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MUR) via designated Italian universities. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Under Legislative Decree 139/2005, both Section A (Dottore Commercialista) and Section B (Esperto Contabile) have three written tests, one of them practical, followed by an oral examination, with separately defined subject depth. For Section A, the first written test covers accounting, auditing, professional and banking technique, and corporate finance; the second covers private, commercial, insolvency, tax, labor/social-security, and civil-procedure law; the third is a practical accounting, business-appraisal, or tax-litigation exercise; and the oral covers the written subjects plus informatics, information systems, economics, mathematics/statistics, professional legislation, deontology, and traineeship matters. The ordinary language is Italian; eligible EU citizens resident in Italy may request German and apply at Trento. OpenExamPrep provides an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation focused mainly on Section A knowledge, not an official translation or a simulation of the written, practical, or oral performance.

Time Limit

Set by each host commission; Bologna's 2026 first session allotted 5 hours, 5 hours, and 3 hours to the three written tests

Passing Score

Minimum 30/50 on each written test and 30/50 on the oral test

Exam / Certification Fees

€49.58 state tax plus local university registration contribution

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

Official Section A written/oral subject group; no national percentage assigned

Financial Accounting, Financial Statements & Auditing

General accounting and bookkeeping, statutory financial statements under the Italian Civil Code and OIC national accounting standards, IFRS/IAS international standards, consolidated financial statements, statutory auditing principles (ISA Italia), internal audit controls, and management accounting.

Official Section A written/oral subject group; no national percentage assigned

Corporate & Commercial Law, Crisis & Insolvency

Company law under the Italian Civil Code (S.p.A., S.r.l., partnerships, corporate restructuring, mergers and demergers), Codice della Crisi d'Impresa e dell'Insolvenza (CCII - D.Lgs. 14/2019), composition with creditors (concordato preventivo), liquidation, and civil liability of directors and statutory auditors.

Official written/oral subject area; no national percentage assigned

Tax Law & Fiscal Procedure

Italian direct taxation under the TUIR (IRPEF, IRES, taxation of business income and capital gains), indirect taxation (D.P.R. 633/1972 IVA, imposta di registro), IRAP, tax assessment rules (D.P.R. 600/1973), collection procedures (D.P.R. 602/1973), and tax litigation (D.Lgs. 546/1992).

Official Section A first-test subject area; no national percentage assigned

Corporate Finance, Banking & Professional Technique

Business valuation methodologies (discounted cash flow, market multiples, asset-based methods), corporate capital structure and working capital management, bank credit facilities, and financial statement ratio analysis.

Official oral subject area; no national percentage assigned

Professional Ethics & Legislation

Statutory professional order framework under Legislative Decree 139/2005, CNDCEC National Code of Deontology, independence rules, professional secrecy, mandatory professional liability insurance, and continuing professional education (FPC).

Preparing for the Esame di Stato Commercialista Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Minimum 30/50 on each written test and 30/50 on the oral test
  • Assessment: Under Legislative Decree 139/2005, both Section A (Dottore Commercialista) and Section B (Esperto Contabile) have three written tests, one of them practical, followed by an oral examination, with separately defined subject depth. For Section A, the first written test covers accounting, auditing, professional and banking technique, and corporate finance; the second covers private, commercial, insolvency, tax, labor/social-security, and civil-procedure law; the third is a practical accounting, business-appraisal, or tax-litigation exercise; and the oral covers the written subjects plus informatics, information systems, economics, mathematics/statistics, professional legislation, deontology, and traineeship matters. The ordinary language is Italian; eligible EU citizens resident in Italy may request German and apply at Trento. OpenExamPrep provides an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation focused mainly on Section A knowledge, not an official translation or a simulation of the written, practical, or oral performance.
  • Time limit: Set by each host commission; Bologna's 2026 first session allotted 5 hours, 5 hours, and 3 hours to the three written tests
  • Exam / certification fees: €49.58 state tax plus local university registration contribution Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Esame di Stato Commercialista: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the Italian Civil Code balance sheet articles (Artt. 2423–2435-bis) and corresponding OIC accounting standards (especially OIC 9 impairment of assets, OIC 15 receivables, OIC 16 tangible assets, and OIC 24 intangibles).
2Focus intensely on the Codice della Crisi d'Impresa e dell'Insolvenza (CCII - D.Lgs. 14/2019), particularly early warning indicators, composition with creditors (concordato preventivo), debt restructuring agreements (accordi di ristrutturazione dei debiti), and judicial liquidation (liquidazione giudiziale).
3Review Italian corporate income tax (IRES) rules in the TUIR, specifically the calculation of business income starting from statutory balance sheet profit with positive and negative tax adjustments (variazioni in aumento e in diminuzione).
4Thoroughly understand statutory auditing standards (ISA Italia), including auditor reporting opinions (unqualified, qualified, adverse, disclaimer of opinion) and the statutory duties of the Collegio Sindacale.
5Review the CNDCEC Codice Deontologico rules regarding professional incompatibility (incompatibilità), conflicts of interest, advertising limits, and compulsory professional indemnity insurance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Esame di Stato per Dottore Commercialista and why is it legally required in Italy?

The Esame di Stato is Italy's national professional qualification examination governed by Legislative Decree 139/2005 and annual MUR ordinances. Passing the relevant route is required to acquire the protected title of Dottore Commercialista (Section A) or Esperto Contabile (Section B) and register with the local ODCEC. Particular functions have their own legal requirements: for example, signing statutory-audit reports requires separate enrollment in the MEF Registro dei Revisori Legali.

What is the distinction between Section A (Dottore Commercialista) and Section B (Esperto Contabile)?

Section A ordinarily requires an eligible master's-level degree such as LM-56 or LM-77, while Section B is open to eligible bachelor's degrees such as L-18 or L-33; both also require the prescribed traineeship. Their statutory professional scopes differ, and qualification as a commercialista does not by itself replace separate requirements for enrollment as a revisore legale.

What is the official structure and schedule of the examination?

Under MUR ordinances and D.Lgs. 139/2005, the examination is conducted in person at designated state universities twice a year (summer and autumn sessions). The statutory format comprises three written tests (accounting/auditing/finance, law/taxation, and a practical accounting case study) followed by a comprehensive oral examination on all subjects plus professional deontology.

How do the 'prove integrative' for statutory auditors (Revisori Legali) relate to this exam?

Under Article 11 of D.M. 63/2016, candidates who sit the Esame di Stato per Dottore Commercialista or who are already qualified commercialisti can obtain qualification for enrollment in the MEF Registro dei Revisori Legali by taking a supplementary test (prova integrativa: 1 written + 1 oral on auditing) held concurrently at the university, as they are exempt from the standard accounting and legal papers.

Does this OpenExamPrep question bank replace official Italian university exam preparation?

No. The official examination uses open-ended written work, practical drafting, and oral discussion, ordinarily in Italian, with a German option at Trento for eligible EU citizens resident in Italy. This bank is an independent English-language MCQ study adaptation for knowledge review and calculation practice, not an official translation or a substitute for written, practical, or oral preparation.