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100+ Free Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Microbiology Practice Questions

Tamil Nadu Higher Secondary Second Year (HSE +2 / Class 12) Micro Biology under the Directorate of Government Examinations (DGE), Tamil Nadu practice questions are available now; exam metadata is being verified.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Microbiology Exam

10:00–1:15

Official March 2026 HSE+2 theory sitting window including reading/verification time (dge.tn.gov.in timetable)

DGE TN HSE+2 March 2026 public examination timetable

35/100

Minimum pass mark per subject under the HSE new pattern, subject to theory/practical floor rules

DGE HSE_E.pdf scheme of examination

3 hours

Approximate theory writing duration after reading and particulars verification in the public exam schedule

DGE TN HSE+2 March 2026 timetable

DGE TN

Administered by the Directorate of Government Examinations, Chennai, for Tamil Nadu State Board Higher Secondary

dge.tn.gov.in

SCERT syllabus

Class 12 textbooks and syllabus prescribed by SCERT / School Education Department (Samacheer Kalvi)

DGE HSE scheme — syllabus prescribed by SCERT/DSE

English MCQ bank

This practice set is an English-language MCQ study adaptation, not the official mixed written paper

OpenExamPrep practice-content policy

₹150/₹200

School exam fee band for groups without/with practical subjects plus certificate/service charges (concessions apply)

DGE HSE_E.pdf school candidate fee table

March 2026

HSE Second Year public theory examinations scheduled 2–26 March 2026 with practicals 9–14 February 2026

DGE TN official timetable PDF 04.11.2025

Free English MCQ practice for Tamil Nadu HSE +2 Microbiology (DGE). Official paper is mixed written theory on the Samacheer Kalvi Class 12 syllabus — this bank is a study adaptation, not a format simulation.

Sample Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Microbiology Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Microbiology exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Microbiology is best defined as the scientific study of:
A.Only macroscopic plants used as crops
B.Only non-living chemical catalysts in industry
C.Microscopic organisms and related agents such as bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses
D.Only large multicellular animals
Explanation: Microbiology studies microscopic life forms and associated acellular agents (viruses) that require specialised methods such as microscopy and culture.
2Who is widely credited with first observing and describing microorganisms using simple microscopes?
A.Louis Pasteur
B.Robert Koch
C.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D.Alexander Fleming
Explanation: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (17th century) used high-quality simple microscopes to describe 'animalcules' (bacteria and protozoa).
3Which feature is characteristic of prokaryotic cells such as bacteria?
A.Membrane-bound nucleus with multiple linear chromosomes
B.Mitochondria performing oxidative phosphorylation
C.Absence of a true nucleus; genetic material typically in a nucleoid
D.Endoplasmic reticulum for protein sorting
Explanation: Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus; DNA usually lies in a nucleoid region, and membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and ER are absent.
4The rigid bacterial cell wall of most bacteria is primarily composed of:
A.Cellulose microfibrils only
B.Chitin only
C.Peptidoglycan (murein)
D.Cholesterol bilayers only
Explanation: Peptidoglycan (murein) is the polymer of sugars and peptides that gives most bacterial cell walls strength and shape; antibiotics such as penicillin target its synthesis.
5Gram-positive bacteria typically appear purple after Gram staining primarily because they have:
A.A thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that loses crystal violet
B.No cell wall at all
C.A thick peptidoglycan layer that retains the crystal violet–iodine complex
D.Only a lipid bilayer without any wall polymers
Explanation: Gram-positive walls have thick peptidoglycan that traps the crystal violet–iodine complex; alcohol decolorisation does not remove it readily, so cells stay purple after counterstaining.
6Which structure helps some bacteria resist phagocytosis and desiccation by forming a sticky outer layer?
A.Mesosome
B.Ribosome
C.Capsule or slime layer (glycocalyx)
D.Nucleoid only
Explanation: Capsules and slime layers (glycocalyx) are polysaccharide- or protein-rich outer coats that can inhibit phagocytosis, aid adhesion, and protect against drying.
7Bacterial endospores are best described as:
A.Active vegetative cells that divide rapidly in rich media
B.Viral particles assembled inside host cells
C.Highly resistant dormant forms produced by certain Gram-positive genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium
D.Fungal fruiting bodies that release basidiospores only
Explanation: Endospores are metabolically dormant, heat- and chemical-resistant structures formed by genera such as Bacillus and Clostridium under stress; they are not a reproductive strategy like fungal spores.
8Flagella in bacteria primarily function in:
A.Protein synthesis
B.Photosynthesis
C.Motility (locomotion)
D.DNA replication
Explanation: Bacterial flagella are rotary motility organelles powered by a proton (or sodium) motive force, enabling swimming in liquid environments.
9Pili (fimbriae) are bacterial surface structures most often associated with:
A.ATP synthesis on the outer membrane
B.Storage of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate
C.Adhesion to surfaces and, for sex pili, conjugative DNA transfer
D.Spore coat formation only
Explanation: Fimbriae/pili mediate attachment to host cells and surfaces; specialised sex (F) pili enable conjugative plasmid transfer between bacteria.
10Viruses are considered acellular infectious agents primarily because they:
A.Have a complete set of organelles and divide by binary fission on agar plates
B.Always possess both DNA and RNA genomes simultaneously as free-living cells
C.Consist of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat (capsid) and can replicate only inside living host cells
D.Are identical to bacterial endospores in structure and metabolism
Explanation: Virions package DNA or RNA in a capsid (sometimes with an envelope) and are obligate intracellular parasites that hijack host machinery for replication.

About the Tamil Nadu HSE Second Year Microbiology Practice Questions

Verified exam format metadata for Tamil Nadu Higher Secondary Second Year (HSE +2 / Class 12) Micro Biology under the Directorate of Government Examinations (DGE), Tamil Nadu is pending. The practice questions above remain available while official exam length, timing, passing score, fee, and administrator details are reviewed.