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Free Practice Questions for Examen Commissaire de Justice

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Sample Examen Commissaire de Justice Practice Questions

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1What is the mandatory statutory priority governing the service of process ('signification des actes') under Article 654 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (CPC)?
A.Service by an informal social media direct message.
B.Service must be made in person to the addressee ('signification à personne') wherever the person may be found, which constitutes the legal priority.
C.Service by standard postcard left in the mailbox without an envelope.
D.Service must be made exclusively to the addressee's employer.
Explanation: Article 654 CPC sets the golden rule: the notification must be served on the person directly (signification à personne). The commissaire de justice must diligently attempt to deliver the act into the hands of the addressee in person before resorting to secondary service methods.
2What formalities must the commissaire de justice fulfill when serving an act at domicile ('signification à domicile') under Article 655 and 656 of the CPC when the addressee is absent?
A.Throw the document into the street and leave immediately.
B.Verify the addressee's domicile, hand the copy in a sealed envelope to any person present who agrees to accept it (or leave a notice of passage and deposit the copy at the office), and send a notice letter with a copy within the statutory deadline.
C.Post the act on the town hall door and declare the addressee deceased.
D.Hand the document to a random passerby on the sidewalk.
Explanation: Under Articles 655, 656, and 658 CPC, if personal delivery is impossible, the officer verifies the actual domicile, leaves the sealed copy with a person present at domicile (noting identity), or leaves an avis de passage with the copy deposited at the study, and sends a confirmatory letter (lettre simple or LRAR) within statutory time limits.
3What essential requirement governs the establishment of a 'procès-verbal de recherches infructueuses' under Article 659 of the Code of Civil Procedure?
A.The commissioner simply needs to assert that they could not find the person without making any inquiries.
B.The commissioner must recount with precision all the concrete, diligent, and exhaustive inquiries performed to locate the addressee (e.g., checking with neighbors, postal services, tax authorities, employer, town hall).
C.A verbal statement made over the phone to the court clerk.
D.The commissioner must hire a private military contractor.
Explanation: Consistent case law requires that an act under Article 659 CPC must record in detail the concrete, multiple, and serious diligences carried out by the officer to discover the debtor's actual address (diligences réelles et approfondies). Mere standard boilerplate formulas without real checks render the service void.
4How is service of process on a legal entity ('signification à personne morale' under Article 654 alinéa 2 CPC) validly performed?
A.It must be served exclusively on the personal residential home of the company's cleaning staff.
B.It is served at the company's registered office ('siège social') to its legal representative, an authorized proxy, or any person authorized to receive documents.
C.It must be published in an international fashion magazine.
D.By sending a fax to a neighboring grocery store.
Explanation: Under Article 654 al. 2 CPC, service on a legal entity is made at its registered office or actual operating establishment, handed to its legal representative, an agent empowered to accept service, or any employee present at the office authorized to receive mail/acts.
5Under what condition can a commissaire de justice serve a procedural act by electronic means ('signification par voie électronique') under Article 653-1 CPC?
A.The commissioner can spam any personal email address found on Google without permission.
B.It requires the prior express consent of the addressee to receive electronic service, and must be routed through the secure national platform accredited by the CNCJ.
C.Electronic service is strictly prohibited by French law.
D.Only if the addressee is an artificial intelligence program.
Explanation: Under Article 653-1 CPC, service by electronic means is valid only if the addressee has previously given express consent to this method of service, and transmission is processed through secure, tamper-proof electronic messaging systems managed by the profession ensuring identity and delivery verification.
6What is the general distance extension ('délai de distance') added to procedural appearance deadlines for persons residing overseas or abroad under Articles 643 and 644 of the CPC?
A.1 day for overseas, 2 days for foreign countries.
B.1 month for persons residing in overseas departments/territories (DROM-COM) when appearing in mainland France, and 2 months for persons residing abroad.
C.1 year automatically.
D.There is no extension of deadlines based on geographical distance.
Explanation: Under Articles 643 and 644 CPC, statutory appearance and appeal time limits are increased by distance extensions: one month (1 mois) for persons residing in a French overseas department or territory appearing in mainland France, and two months (2 mois) for persons residing in a foreign country.
7Which of the following constitutes an enforceable title ('titre exécutoire') allowing forced execution under Article L. 111-3 of the Code des procédures civiles d'exécution (CPCE)?
A.An unverified draft invoice printed from an accounting program.
B.A court judgment endowed with the executory formula, an authentic notarial act, or an enforceable title issued by a commissaire de justice in case of an unpaid bounced check.
C.A friendly verbal handshake during a family dinner.
D.A letter from an astrology consultant.
Explanation: Article L. 111-3 CPCE lists statutory enforceable titles: judicial court decisions, authentic notarial acts bearing executory formula, settlements approved by judges, and the specific title issued by a commissaire de justice upon an unpaid bounced check certificate (certificat de non-paiement de chèque).
8What is the mandatory prerequisite act that must be served on a debtor prior to initiating a forced seizure of tangible movable property ('saisie-vente') under Article L. 221-1 of the CPCE?
A.A greeting card congratulating the debtor.
B.A formal order to pay ('commandement de payer'), which grants the debtor a statutory period of 8 days to pay the debt before any seizure can occur.
C.An announcement published in the national press.
D.An immediate warrantless search conducted at 3:00 AM.
Explanation: Under Article L. 221-1 and R. 221-1 CPCE, any saisie-vente must be preceded by a commandement de payer containing mandatory statutory notices, allowing the debtor a period of 8 days to settle the debt voluntarily before the officer can proceed with seizure.
9Which of the following categories of property is declared unseizable ('biens insaisissables') by law under Article L. 112-2 of the Code des procédures civiles d'exécution?
A.A private luxury motor yacht.
B.Movable goods necessary to the life and work of the seized person and their family (clothing, bedding, heating, refrigerator, essential work tools), except for payment of their purchase price.
C.Bearer corporate debentures traded on public stock exchanges.
D.A commercial warehouse full of industrial machinery.
Explanation: Article L. 112-2 CPCE shields essential subsistence property: clothing, bedding, linen, food, heating appliances, household equipment essential for daily life, and books/tools necessary for the debtor's professional practice, preserving human dignity.
10What is the legal effect of a 'saisie-attribution' served on a bank holding the debtor's bank accounts under Article L. 211-2 of the CPCE?
A.The bank account is permanently closed and the funds are destroyed.
B.It produces an immediate attribution effect ('effet attributif immédiat'), transferring ownership of the available credit balance up to the amount of the debt directly to the seizing creditor as of the moment of service.
C.The debtor is granted a new bank credit loan.
D.The bank director is sentenced to community service.
Explanation: Under Article L. 211-2 CPCE, service of the saisie-attribution by the commissaire de justice immediately transfers ownership of the seized debt to the seizing creditor (effet attributif immédiat). The funds are blocked in the bank's hands up to the claim amount, subject to the statutory solde bancaire insaisissable.

About the Examen Commissaire de Justice Exam

The Examen d'Aptitude à la Profession de Commissaire de Justice is France's current professional qualification for the unified public and ministerial officer profession that succeeded huissiers de justice and commissaires-priseurs judiciaires. Under the regulated route, candidates admitted to professional training complete a two-year stage and the INCJ training requirements before taking the national aptitude examination. Passing the exam is distinct from later appointment to an office. OpenExamPrep provides an English-language MCQ study adaptation covering the Code des procédures civiles d'exécution, service, evidence, judicial sales, appraisal, and professional rules; it cannot simulate the official French oral performances or practical training.

Exam sponsor: Chambre Nationale des Commissaires de Justice (CNCJ). The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Governed by the Arrêté du 19 octobre 2020 following the merger of huissiers de justice and commissaires-priseurs judiciaires, the examination takes place after a mandatory two-year stage and training at the INCJ. It consists of three oral tests: 1) Civil procedure, enforcement procedures, evidentiary rules, and real estate seizure (20 min, coef 4); 2) Asset valuation, appraisal, and judicial sales (20 min, coef 3); 3) Professional regulation, deontology, accounting, and office management (15 min, coef 2), plus an optional art history oral. A general average of 10/20 is required to pass.

Time Limit

Oral examinations totaling approximately 55 minutes

Passing Score

10/20 overall weighted average

Exam / Certification Fees

€350 examination registration fee for the 2026 aptitude session

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

25 of 100 questions

Civil Procedure & Service of Process

Rules of personal and domicile service (signification), clerk search procedures under Art. 659 CPC, territorial competence, and nullity sanctions.

30 of 100 questions

Civil Enforcement Procedures & Protective Measures

Requirements of enforceable titles, saisie-attribution of bank balances, saisie des rémunérations, motor vehicle immobilisation, and conservatory attachments.

20 of 100 questions

Judicial Auctions & Asset Appraisals

Legal conduct of judicial sales, auctioneer liabilities, price estimates, inventory drafting, and distinctions between voluntary and forced sales.

15 of 100 questions

Eviction Procedures & Official Reports

Commandement de quitter les lieux, handling the trêve hivernale, requesting prefectural police assistance, and probative value of constats d'huissier.

10 of 100 questions

Professional Deontology & Office Management

Statutory tariffs, handling client funds, mandatory liability insurance, professional secrecy, and disciplinary jurisdiction.

Preparing for the Examen Commissaire de Justice Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 10/20 overall weighted average
  • Assessment: Governed by the Arrêté du 19 octobre 2020 following the merger of huissiers de justice and commissaires-priseurs judiciaires, the examination takes place after a mandatory two-year stage and training at the INCJ. It consists of three oral tests: 1) Civil procedure, enforcement procedures, evidentiary rules, and real estate seizure (20 min, coef 4); 2) Asset valuation, appraisal, and judicial sales (20 min, coef 3); 3) Professional regulation, deontology, accounting, and office management (15 min, coef 2), plus an optional art history oral. A general average of 10/20 is required to pass.
  • Time limit: Oral examinations totaling approximately 55 minutes
  • Exam / certification fees: €350 examination registration fee for the 2026 aptitude session Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

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Examen Commissaire de Justice: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the hierarchy of service modes under Articles 653 to 659 of the French Code of Civil Procedure.
2Understand the retroactive effect and bank declaration timeline (Article R. 211-1 CPCE) in saisie-attribution.
3Know the statutory deadlines and procedural prerequisites for enforcing a residential eviction.
4Memorize the evidentiary standard of constats: authentic proof of material facts observed personally by the officer.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Commissaire de Justice in France?

A Commissaire de Justice is a public and ministerial officer resulting from the July 2022 merger of huissiers de justice (bailiffs) and commissaires-priseurs judiciaires (judicial auctioneers). They hold a state monopoly over serving court writs, executing judicial decisions, conducting judicial auctions, and drafting authentic factual findings (constats).

What is the examination structure?

The examination comprises three mandatory oral tests before a national jury: 20 minutes on civil procedure and enforcement (coef 4), 20 minutes on asset appraisal and judicial auctions (coef 3), and 15 minutes on professional status, deontology, and office accounting (coef 2), plus an optional art history test.

What training is required before taking the exam?

Candidates must hold a Master in Law, complete a two-year vocational apprenticeship combining practical office experience with courses at the Institut National des Commissaires de Justice (INCJ), and obtain continuous assessment approval.

What passing score is required?

Candidates must obtain an overall weighted average of at least 10/20 across the oral examinations.

Is the examination in English or French?

The official state examination is entirely in French. OpenExamPrep publishes 100 English-language MCQs as an analytical study tool for candidates and legal professionals.