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Key Facts: BUT Carrières Juridiques Exam

180 ECTS

Total credits awarded over 3 years, conferring the national grade de licence

Arrêté du 15 avril 2022

3 pathways

Specialized tracks: Administration et justice, Entreprise et association, Patrimoine et finance

Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur

22–26 weeks

Mandatory duration of professional internships or work-study alternance

Programme National BUT CJ

5 competencies

Core framework: advise, draft, resolve disputes, secure relations, and manage files

Arrêté du 15 avril 2022

10/20

Minimum semester average required in each competency block to graduate

IUT Assessment Regulations

The BUT Carrières Juridiques is France's 3-year national university legal bachelor (180 ECTS), regulated under Arrêté du 15 avril 2022. Across its three pathways (Administration et justice, Entreprise et association, Patrimoine et finance), assessment combines continuous testing, SAÉ projects, and professional internships. These 100 English MCQs adapt the national syllabus for structured knowledge practice.

Sample BUT Carrières Juridiques Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the BUT Carrières Juridiques exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 1128 of the French Civil Code, which three cumulative conditions are essential for the validity of a contract?

A.Consent of the parties, capacity to contract, and lawful and certain content.

B.A written instrument, a notary countersignature, and payment of registration duties.

C.A commercial motive, two witnesses, and deposit at the court registry.

D.Approval by a legal counsel, an arbitration clause, and an insurance certificate.

Explanation: Article 1128 of the Civil Code, reformed by Ordonnance n° 2016-131, lists the three core validity requirements: consent of the parties (le consentement des parties), capacity to contract (la capacité de contracter), and lawful and certain content (un contenu licite et certain). The historical concept of 'cause' was absorbed into these standards.

2Under Article 1130 of the French Civil Code, what are the three recognized vitiating factors of consent (vices du consentement) that can lead to the nullity of a contract?

A.Error, fraud (dol), and duress (violence).

B.Minority, bankruptcy, and negligence.

C.Delay, non-payment, and breach of warranty.

D.Force majeure, unforeseen circumstances, and frustration.

Explanation: Article 1130 of the Civil Code provides that error (erreur), fraud (dol), and duress (violence) vitiate consent when they are of such nature that, without them, one of the parties would not have contracted or would have contracted under substantially different terms.

3A buyer purchases an antique painting believing it was painted by a master artist, while the seller made no deceptive claims and was unaware of the painter's identity. Under Article 1132 of the Civil Code, under what condition can the buyer obtain annulment for error (erreur)?

A.The error must bear on the essential qualities of the agreed performance (qualités essentielles de la prestation).

B.The error is never excusable unless confirmed by a sworn police expert.

C.Any subjective personal disappointment entitles the buyer to immediate cancellation.

D.The error must be acknowledged in writing by both parties before the transaction.

Explanation: Article 1132 and Article 1133 of the Civil Code state that error is a cause of nullity if it relates to the essential qualities of the performance due or of the counterparty (when contracted intuitu personae). Inexcusable error (erreur inexcusable) does not permit nullity.

4Under Article 1137 of the French Civil Code, how is contractual fraud (dol) defined?

A.Any delay in making an electronic bank transfer.

B.The intentional concealment by one party of information of which they know the decisive importance for the other party, or deceptive schemes and lies.

C.An unexpected increase in the statutory value-added tax rate.

D.An honest oversight by an inexperienced sales representative.

Explanation: Article 1137 defines dol as the act of a party in obtaining the consent of the counterparty by deceptive contrivances or lies, or by the intentional concealment of information known to have a decisive influence on the decision to contract.

5What is the key distinction between relative nullity (nullité relative) and absolute nullity (nullité absolue) under Articles 1179 et seq. of the French Civil Code?

A.Absolute nullity requires a criminal conviction, while relative nullity is issued by a notary.

B.Absolute nullity protects the general public interest and may be claimed by anyone with an interest, whereas relative nullity protects private interests and can only be invoked by the protected party.

C.Relative nullity applies only to contracts under €1,000.

D.Absolute nullity can be cured by subsequent confirmation, whereas relative nullity cannot.

Explanation: Under Article 1179, nullity is absolute when the breached rule aims to safeguard the general interest (e.g. unlawful object); it can be invoked by any interested party. Nullity is relative when the rule protects a private interest (e.g. vices of consent, incapacity); it can be invoked only by the protected person and may be confirmed.

6Under Article 1195 of the French Civil Code, what mechanism allows a party to request contract renegotiation due to unforeseen circumstances (imprévision)?

A.A party may terminate the contract unilaterally without notice whenever inflation exceeds 2%.

B.If a change of circumstances unpredictable at contract formation renders performance excessively onerous, a party who did not assume the risk may request renegotiation.

C.The judge automatically sets prices for all commercial transactions every quarter.

D.Unforeseen circumstances are strictly prohibited from being raised in French law.

Explanation: Article 1195 introduces the theory of imprévision into French contract law. If a change of circumstances unforeseeable at conclusion renders execution excessively onerous for a party who had not agreed to bear the risk, that party may request renegotiation while continuing to perform obligations during the talks.

7What three cumulative conditions define force majeure in French contract law under Article 1218 of the Civil Code?

A.An event beyond the debtor's control, which could not be reasonably foreseen at contract conclusion, and whose effects could not be avoided by appropriate measures.

B.A financial recession, an increase in raw material costs, and a drop in customer demand.

C.A personal illness, a decision to change careers, and an administrative fine.

D.An event occurring on a Sunday, during a public holiday, or outside working hours.

Explanation: Article 1218 defines force majeure in contractual matters as an event beyond the debtor's control (extériorité), which could not be reasonably foreseen at the time of contract conclusion (imprévisibilité), and whose consequences could not be avoided by appropriate measures (irrésistibilité).

8Under French property law, what is the legal definition of 'usufruit' (usufruct) under Article 578 of the Civil Code?

A.Full ownership with absolute rights of destruction.

B.The right to enjoy property owned by another (usus and fructus) while preserving its substance, separated from bare ownership (nue-propriété).

C.A commercial lease of agricultural orchard land.

D.A temporary mortgage security registered by a banking institution.

Explanation: Under Article 578 of the Civil Code, usufruct is the right to enjoy things of which another has the ownership, like the owner oneself, but with the obligation to preserve its substance. It dismembers ownership into usufruct (usus + fructus) and bare ownership (abusus).

9What is the legal difference between movable property (biens meubles) and immovable property (biens immeubles) under Articles 516 et seq. of the French Civil Code?

A.Immovables are attached to the land or cannot be moved without destruction, whereas movables can move themselves or be moved from place to place.

B.Movables are worth more than €100,000, while immovables are worthless.

C.Only immovables can be owned by private individuals.

D.Movables require a notarial deed for any transfer of ownership.

Explanation: Article 516 classifies all property as either movable (meubles) or immovable (immeubles). Immovables include land, buildings, and fixtures permanently attached by nature or destination, whereas movables comprise tangible goods capable of displacement and intangible rights like shares and receivables.

10Under Article 2276 of the French Civil Code, what fundamental evidentiary rule governs the ownership of tangible movable property?

A.'Nul n'est censé ignorer la loi.'

B.'En fait de meubles, la possession vaut titre' (In the matter of movables, possession is equivalent to title).

C.'Pacta sunt servanda.'

D.'Actori incumbit probatio.'

Explanation: Article 2276 alinéa 1 establishes the rule 'En fait de meubles, la possession vaut titre'. Good-faith possession of a tangible movable good creates an immediate presumption of ownership and protects the possessor against restitution claims, subject to rules on lost or stolen items.

About the BUT Carrières Juridiques Exam

The Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie (BUT) Carrières Juridiques is France's premier three-year undergraduate national diploma (grade de licence, 180 ECTS) training high-level legal assistants, court clerks, corporate legal aides, compliance officers, and real estate legal collaborators. Governed by the national educational framework established under the Arrêté du 15 avril 2022, the program is taught across specialized Instituts Universitaires de Technologie (IUT) within French public universities. The curriculum is competency-centered and offers three specialized pathways: Administration et justice (focusing on judicial registries, public administration, and litigation support), Entreprise et association (covering corporate law, employment contracts, and commercial risk), and Patrimoine et finance (emphasizing banking, insurance, wealth management, and property conveyancing). OpenExamPrep provides an English-language MCQ study adaptation covering core French contract law, civil and administrative procedure, labor standards, commercial transactions, and registry management.

Exam sponsor: Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche / Universités / IUT. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

Under the Arrêté du 15 avril 2022, the BUT Carrières Juridiques is structured across 6 semesters (180 ECTS) conferring the grade de licence. It features three official specialized pathways from Year 2: Administration et justice, Entreprise et association, and Patrimoine et finance. Students are evaluated through continuous assessment (contrôle continu), Situations d'Apprentissage et d'Évaluation (SAÉ), 22 to 26 weeks of professional placements or work-study, and a competency portfolio. A UE is acquired at 10/20; the national program permits compensation within defined coherent UE groupings only when the grouping average reaches 10/20 and every UE in it is at least 8/20. Award also depends on validation of all six semesters and the final competency-level UEs.

Time Limit

Three academic years (6 semesters, 180 ECTS)

Passing Score

10/20 to acquire a UE; defined compensation requires at least 8/20 in every UE in the compensated grouping

Exam / Certification Fees

€178 national licence registration fee for 2026–2027, plus the €105 CVEC unless exempt

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Official sources

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20 of 100 questions

Legal Counseling & Qualification

Analyzing factual scenarios, determining applicable legal rules, fundamentals of obligations, family law, property law, and statutory interpretation.

20 of 100 questions

Legal & Contract Drafting

Drafting commercial and civil agreements, residential and commercial leases, employment contracts, formal default notices, and corporate minutes.

25 of 100 questions

Dispute Resolution & Procedure

Judicial and administrative court organization, stages of civil and criminal litigation, summary proceedings, enforcement of titles, and mediation.

20 of 100 questions

Legal Security & Compliance

Commercial law, employee relations, consumer protection, personal data rules under GDPR, and internal corporate risk prevention.

15 of 100 questions

Legal File Management & Professional Practice

Company registration formalities (RCS), court registry filings, ethical principles of legal professions, and basic business accounting.

Preparing for the BUT Carrières Juridiques Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: 10/20 to acquire a UE; defined compensation requires at least 8/20 in every UE in the compensated grouping
Assessment: Under the Arrêté du 15 avril 2022, the BUT Carrières Juridiques is structured across 6 semesters (180 ECTS) conferring the grade de licence. It features three official specialized pathways from Year 2: Administration et justice, Entreprise et association, and Patrimoine et finance. Students are evaluated through continuous assessment (contrôle continu), Situations d'Apprentissage et d'Évaluation (SAÉ), 22 to 26 weeks of professional placements or work-study, and a competency portfolio. A UE is acquired at 10/20; the national program permits compensation within defined coherent UE groupings only when the grouping average reaches 10/20 and every UE in it is at least 8/20. Award also depends on validation of all six semesters and the final competency-level UEs.
Time limit: Three academic years (6 semesters, 180 ECTS)
Exam / certification fees: €178 national licence registration fee for 2026–2027, plus the €105 CVEC unless exempt Official sources

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BUT Carrières Juridiques: Suggested Study Strategy

1Master the distinction between civil (Tribunal Judiciaire) and commercial (Tribunal de Commerce) court jurisdiction and the specific rules of procedure in each

2Memorize the essential validity requirements of contracts under Article 1128 of the French Civil Code: consent, capacity, and lawful and certain content

3Understand the key stages and documents involved in company incorporation and registry filings with the Guichet Unique and Registre du Commerce et des Sociétés (RCS)

4Review the basic principles of French labor law: dismissal on personal versus economic grounds, pre-dismissal interview (entretien préalable), and notice periods

5Familiarize yourself with the main GDPR principles regarding personal data processing, lawful bases, and rights of data subjects (access, rectification, erasure)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the BUT Carrières Juridiques in France?

The Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie (BUT) Carrières Juridiques is a three-year national undergraduate diploma (grade de licence, 180 ECTS) delivered by French university Institutes of Technology (IUT). It replaced the former two-year DUT in 2021, providing vocational legal training across private and public sectors.

What are the three official pathways of BUT Carrières Juridiques?

Under the Arrêté du 15 avril 2022, starting from the third semester, students choose one of three specialized tracks: 1) Administration et justice (geared toward public sector administration, court registries, and judicial auxiliaries); 2) Entreprise et association (focused on corporate law, labor relations, and human resources); and 3) Patrimoine et finance (concentrating on banking, insurance, real estate law, and wealth management).

How are students evaluated in the BUT CJ?

Assessment is comprehensive and continuous (contrôle continu). It incorporates traditional written and oral examinations, Situations d'Apprentissage et d'Évaluation (SAÉ - simulated real-world projects such as mock trials or contract drafting audits), a reflective portfolio documenting competency mastery, and evaluation of 22 to 26 weeks of professional internships or work-study contracts (alternance).

What passing conditions apply to graduate with the BUT CJ?

A UE is acquired with an average of at least 10/20. The national program permits compensation within defined coherent UE groupings when the grouping average is at least 10/20 and no UE in that grouping is below 8/20; 8/20 is not a universal module-level eliminatory mark. The diploma also requires validation of all six semesters and the final-level competency UEs.

What careers can graduates pursue after the BUT Carrières Juridiques?

Graduates can enter the workforce directly as legal assistants in law firms or notarial offices, corporate contract managers, HR legal assistants, insurance claims officers, court clerks (greffiers via competitive civil service exams), or continue into university Master's programs in law.

Is the BUT Carrières Juridiques practice test in French or English?

The official university instruction and examinations are conducted in French. OpenExamPrep publishes 100 English-language MCQs as an analytical study adaptation to help students and international learners test their grasp of French substantive and procedural legal concepts.