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Key Facts: PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria) Exam

90 min

Exam duration for the UNICAN PAU Business paper

University of Cantabria (UNICAN) PAU Organising Commission

0–10 scale

Official scoring scale (minimum 4.0 required in Access Phase)

Cantabria PAU Regulations

5 Modules

LOMLOE core blocks: Business Environment, Business Model Canvas, Financial Management, Marketing, and Operations/HR

Real Decreto 243/2022 (2º Bachillerato Curriculum)

100

High-quality practice questions in this OpenExamPrep subject bank

OpenExamPrep

Master the 2026 Cantabria PAU Business and Business Model Design exam with 100 practice questions covering business environment and legal forms, Business Model Canvas, accounting ratios, break-even analysis, NPV/VAN, marketing, and human resource management. This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation of the official Cantabria PAU written paper—not an official translation, format simulation, or substitute for open-response, graphic, oral, or performance practice.

Sample PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria) Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to review concepts for the PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria) exam. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Which economic sector includes activities related to the extraction and harvesting of natural resources, such as agriculture, mining, and forestry?
A.Primary sector
B.Secondary sector
C.Tertiary sector
D.Quaternary sector
Explanation: The primary sector encompasses all economic activities focused on extracting or harvesting raw materials directly from nature, including agriculture, livestock farming, fishing, forestry, and mining.
2In Spain, what is the defining financial liability characteristic of a Sole Trader (Empresario Individual / Autónomo)?
A.Limited liability restricted to the initial business capital contribution
B.Unlimited liability extending to all personal present and future assets
C.Liability limited strictly to business bank account deposits
D.Zero liability if the business is registered in the Commercial Registry
Explanation: Under Spanish civil and commercial law (Article 1911 of the Civil Code), a sole trader (autónomo) faces unlimited personal liability, meaning they are personally responsible for all business debts with all their present and future assets.
3Following the reform introduced by the Ley Crea y Crece (Law 18/2022), what is the minimum legal share capital required to incorporate a Spanish Limited Liability Company (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada - SL)?
A.€3,000
B.€60,000
C.€1
D.€120,000
Explanation: The Ley Crea y Crece (Law 18/2022) amended the Spanish Companies Act (Ley de Sociedades de Capital), allowing the incorporation of an SL with a minimum share capital of just €1 (previously €3,000), provided 20% of profits are set aside as legal reserve until capital reaches €3,000.
4In business strategic management, what does the acronym PESTEL stand for when analyzing the macro-environment of a firm?
A.Product, Equity, Solvency, Turnover, Expenses, and Liabilities
B.Planning, Execution, Strategy, Tactics, Evaluation, and Leadership
C.Purchasing, Exporting, Supply, Transport, Energy, and Logistics
D.Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal factors
Explanation: PESTEL analysis evaluates the macro-environment of an organization across six dimensions: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental (or Ecological), and Legal factors.
5Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) requires a business to take responsibility for its impact on society. Which three pillars typically constitute the 'Triple Bottom Line' framework of CSR?
A.People (Social), Planet (Environmental), and Profit (Economic)
B.Price, Product, and Promotion
C.Planning, Production, and Purchasing
D.Patents, Partnerships, and Positioning
Explanation: The Triple Bottom Line framework created by John Elkington measures corporate performance across three dimensions: Social equity (People), Environmental protection (Planet), and Economic prosperity (Profit).
6Which economist famously conceptualized the entrepreneur as an innovator who drives economic development through 'creative destruction'?
A.Frank Knight
B.Joseph Schumpeter
C.Israel Kirzner
D.Adam Smith
Explanation: Joseph Schumpeter theorized that entrepreneurs spur economic growth through innovation (new products, processes, or business models), which disrupts existing markets and replaces legacy structures through 'creative destruction.'
7According to Michael Porter's Five Forces model, an industry characterized by high capital requirements, strong brand loyalty among incumbents, and strict government regulations will experience:
A.A high bargaining power of buyers
B.A high threat of substitute products
C.A low threat of new entrants
D.Low intensity of competitive rivalry automatically
Explanation: High capital requirements, strong brand loyalty, and regulatory hurdles act as substantial entry barriers, which reduce the likelihood of new competitors entering the market and lower the threat of new entrants.
8In a Spanish Public Limited Company (Sociedad Anónima - SA), what is the statutory minimum capital requirement and how much must be paid up (desembolsado) at the time of incorporation?
A.Minimum capital €3,000, with 100% paid up at incorporation
B.Minimum capital €60,000, with 100% paid up at incorporation
C.Minimum capital €120,000, with at least 50% paid up at incorporation
D.Minimum capital €60,000, with at least 25% paid up at incorporation
Explanation: Under the Spanish Ley de Sociedades de Capital, a Sociedad Anónima (SA) must have a minimum share capital of €60,000, which must be fully subscribed (subscrito) and at least 25% paid up (desembolsado) per share upon incorporation.
9What key requirement distinguishes a Spanish Worker-Owned Company (Sociedad Laboral - SAL/SLL) from a conventional commercial company?
A.At least 51% of share capital must be owned by workers who provide paid, direct, and indefinite personal services
B.All partners must have unlimited personal liability for corporate debts
C.No single partner may own more than 1% of the total share capital under any circumstance
D.The company is exempt from paying Corporate Income Tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades)
Explanation: By law (Ley 44/2015 de Sociedades Laborales y Participadas), at least 51% of the share capital in a Sociedad Laboral must be owned by permanent employees who work directly for the firm.
10Which core principle governs the voting rights of worker-members in a Spanish Cooperative Society (Sociedad Cooperativa)?
A.Voting power proportional strictly to the number of share capital contributions owned
B.Democratic control: one member, one vote, regardless of capital contributed
C.Voting power weighted by total years of employment seniority in the firm
D.Voting rights held exclusively by the Board of Directors
Explanation: Cooperatives operate under democratic management principles where each cooperative member possesses one vote in the General Assembly, regardless of their financial capital contribution.

About the PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria) Exam

Comprehensive 100-question practice test bank for the Cantabria (Universidad de Cantabria / UNICAN) PAU exam in Business and Business Model Design (Empresa y Diseño de Modelos de Negocio). Updated to align with the LOMLOE 2º Bachillerato syllabus (Real Decreto 243/2022), covering business environments, Business Model Canvas, Design Thinking, quantitative financial management (break-even point, ratios, VAN, Payback), marketing strategy, and operations management.

Exam sponsor: University of Cantabria (UNICAN) PAU Organising Commission. The requirements and fees below concern the certification or admission exam, separate from our free practice resources.

Assessment

The Cantabria PAU exam in Business and Business Model Design (Empresa y Diseño de Modelos de Negocio) is a 90-minute written examination sat by 2º Bachillerato students. The exam evaluates knowledge across five core modules: business environment and legal structures, business model innovation and Canvas, financial management and balance sheet analysis, marketing strategy, and operations and human resources.

Time Limit

90 minutes (1.5 hours)

Passing Score

Marked on a 0–10 scale. Minimum 4.0 required in Access Phase to combine with Bachillerato GPA (60% Bachillerato + 40% PAU Access Phase >= 5.0 to pass).

Exam / Certification Fees

EUR 71.09 base registration fee for PAU Access Phase (ordinary sitting, set by Universidad de Cantabria).

Exam sponsor website

Fees, eligibility, and exam policies can change. Confirm them with the exam sponsor before applying or paying.

Our practice resources: topics covered

We aim to reflect publicly available exam outlines and topic information in our study resources. Coverage, format, and difficulty may differ from the actual exam, and we cannot guarantee that every detail is accurate or current. Confirm exam requirements, fees, and policies with the official exam sponsor.

20%

Business Environment, Entrepreneurship & Legal Forms of Business (empresa-y-entorno)

Classification of business firms by sector, size, and ownership; entrepreneurship theories; general PESTEL environment and Porter's five forces specific environment; legal forms of business (Sole Trader/Autónomo, SL, SA, Cooperatives, Labor Companies) with capital, liability, and governance rules; corporate social responsibility (CSR) and business ethics.

20%

Business Model Innovation, Business Model Canvas & Design Thinking (modelos-de-negocio-y-canvas)

Foundations of business model design; the 9 building blocks of the Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder & Pigneur); Design Thinking phases (Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test); Lean Startup methodology (Build-Measure-Learn loop, Minimum Viable Product, pivot); patterns such as Freemium, Razor-and-Blade, Subscription, and Multi-sided Platforms; value proposition design and intellectual property.

20%

Financial Management, Accounting Statements & Ratio Analysis (direccion-financiera-y-contabilidad)

Financial accounting fundamentals; structure of the Balance Sheet (Activo No Corriente/Corriente, Patrimonio Neto, Pasivo No Corriente/Corriente) and Income Statement; financial equilibrium and working capital (Fondo de Maniobra); quantitative break-even point analysis (punto de equilibrio); investment evaluation methods (Payback, NPV/VAN, IRR/TIR); financial ratio analysis (liquidity, solvency, ROA, ROE); external and internal financing sources.

20%

Marketing Strategy, Market Research & Digital Marketing (marketing-y-mercado)

Market research methodologies (primary vs secondary, quantitative vs qualitative); market segmentation and positioning strategies; the 4 Ps Marketing Mix (Product life cycle, Pricing strategies, Distribution channels, Promotion mix); digital marketing techniques (SEO, SEM, Inbound, Content Marketing, Social Media); brand management and consumer behavior.

20%

Production, Supply Chain, Human Resources & Strategic Management (produccion-y-rrhh)

Production systems and productivity calculations (labor and total factor productivity); inventory management (Economic Order Quantity/Wilson model); Make-or-Buy quantitative decision analysis; human resource management (recruitment, selection, training, evaluation); motivation theories (Maslow, Herzberg, McGregor); strategic analysis (SWOT/DAFO, CAME, Porter's generic strategies); supply chain, Lean Manufacturing, and organizational structures.

Preparing for the PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria) Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: Marked on a 0–10 scale. Minimum 4.0 required in Access Phase to combine with Bachillerato GPA (60% Bachillerato + 40% PAU Access Phase >= 5.0 to pass).
  • Assessment: The Cantabria PAU exam in Business and Business Model Design (Empresa y Diseño de Modelos de Negocio) is a 90-minute written examination sat by 2º Bachillerato students. The exam evaluates knowledge across five core modules: business environment and legal structures, business model innovation and Canvas, financial management and balance sheet analysis, marketing strategy, and operations and human resources.
  • Time limit: 90 minutes (1.5 hours)
  • Exam / certification fees: EUR 71.09 base registration fee for PAU Access Phase (ordinary sitting, set by Universidad de Cantabria). Official sources

Using Our Practice Resources

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

PAU Business & Business Model Design (Cantabria): Suggested Study Strategy

1Memorize and practice financial formulas: Break-Even Point Q* = CF / (P - CVU), Working Capital FM = Activo Corriente - Pasivo Corriente, NPV = -I0 + sum(CFt/(1+k)^t), Liquidity Ratio = Activo Corriente / Pasivo Corriente, and Solvency Ratio = Activo Total / Pasivo Total.
2Master the 9 building blocks of the Business Model Canvas and be able to classify any startup activity or resource into its exact canvas block.
3Understand the legal requirements of Spanish company forms, particularly minimum share capital (€0 for SL under Ley Crea y Crece, €60,000 for SA) and partner liability (limited vs unlimited).
4Learn the stages of Design Thinking (Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test) and Lean Startup principles (MVP, Build-Measure-Learn feedback loop, pivot vs. persevere).
5Practice interpreting balance sheet financial health, identifying states of equilibrium, working capital deficits, technical bankruptcy (quiebra), and insolvency.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is this practice bank in the exact same format as the official Cantabria PAU exam?

No. The official Cantabria PAU exam for Empresa y Diseño de Modelos de Negocio is a 90-minute written examination conducted in Spanish, consisting of practical business case studies, open-ended theoretical questions, and financial calculations (such as balance sheet formatting, financial ratios, break-even point, NPV/VAN, and payback period). This practice bank is an English-language multiple-choice adaptation designed to help students rapidly master and test key concepts, formulas, and definitions from the 2º Bachillerato syllabus.

What is the official name of this subject under the LOMLOE curriculum in Cantabria?

Under the LOMLOE framework (Real Decreto 243/2022), the subject is officially titled 'Empresa y Diseño de Modelos de Negocio' in 2º Bachillerato, replacing the older 'Economía de la Empresa' course to emphasize business model innovation, Canvas methodology, Design Thinking, and digital transformation alongside traditional business management and financial accounting.

What key financial calculations are tested in this subject bank?

The subject bank includes step-by-step quantitative questions on Break-Even Point (Punto de Equilibrio / Umbral de Rentabilidad), Net Present Value (NPV / VAN), Payback Period (Plazo de Recuperación), Internal Rate of Return (IRR / TIR), Working Capital (Fondo de Maniobra), Financial Ratios (Liquidity, Solvency, Acid Test, Cash), Return on Assets (ROA / Rentabilidad Económica), Return on Equity (ROE / Rentabilidad Financiera), Economic Order Quantity (EOQ / Modelo de Wilson), and Make-or-Buy indifference thresholds.

Who sets the exam parameters and registration fees in Cantabria?

The PAU examination in Cantabria is organized by the University of Cantabria (UNICAN) PAU Organising Commission. The standard base registration fee for the Access Phase is set at EUR 71.09 by the public university fee decree.

How is the final PAU admission score calculated in Cantabria?

The Access Phase score is calculated as 60% Bachillerato Grade Point Average plus 40% PAU Access Phase mark (which must be at least 4.0 out of 10 to pass). Candidates can also take voluntary Admission Phase subjects to gain up to 4 additional points for university entrance.

Are these multiple-choice questions the official Cantabria PAU format?

No. The official Cantabria PAU subject paper is a 90-minute written exam with open and/or semi-constructed responses. This English-language MCQ bank is a study adaptation only and does not replace practice for official open-response, graphic, oral, listening, or performance tasks.