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Key Facts: North Rhine-Westphalia Zentralabitur Biology Exam
4 Inhaltsfelder
Kernlehrplan Biologie GOSt: Neurobiologie, Stoffwechselphysiologie, Ökologie, Genetik und Evolution
MSB NRW, Kernlehrplan Biologie für die gymnasiale Oberstufe
16 Apr – 8 May 2026
NRW Zentralabitur written main exam window for 2026
MSB NRW, Zentralabitur GOSt Rahmentermine 2026
300 / 900 points
Minimum Gesamtqualifikation to pass under § 29 APO-GOSt
APO-GOSt § 29
Free 100-question English MCQ study bank for NRW Zentralabitur Biologie. Official exam: German data-based constructed-response covering Neurobiologie, Stoffwechselphysiologie, Ökologie, and Genetik und Evolution (Kernlehrplan Biologie GOSt). Not an official format simulation; no fee for regular school candidates.
Sample North Rhine-Westphalia Zentralabitur Biology Practice Questions
Try these sample questions to test your North Rhine-Westphalia Zentralabitur Biology exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.
1What is the typical resting membrane potential of a neuron?
A.Approximately -70 mV
B.Approximately +70 mV
C.Approximately 0 mV
D.Approximately -200 mV
Explanation: A neuron's resting membrane potential is typically around -70 mV, maintained by unequal ion distribution and the sodium-potassium pump.
2Which ion movement primarily causes the depolarization phase of an action potential?
A.Na+ influx through voltage-gated sodium channels
B.K+ influx through voltage-gated potassium channels
C.Cl- efflux
D.Ca2+ efflux from the cell
Explanation: Depolarization is driven by a rapid influx of Na+ ions as voltage-gated sodium channels open, making the inside of the membrane more positive.
3What restores the membrane potential toward resting levels after depolarization (repolarization)?
A.K+ efflux through voltage-gated potassium channels
B.Na+ influx continuing unabated
C.Cl- influx only
D.Simultaneous Na+ and K+ influx
Explanation: Repolarization occurs as voltage-gated sodium channels inactivate and voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing K+ to flow out and restore negative internal charge.
4What is the refractory period in neuron signaling?
A.A brief period after an action potential during which a new one cannot (or is harder to) be triggered
B.The time it takes for a neurotransmitter to be synthesized
C.The resting state before any stimulus arrives
D.The period during which myelin is formed
Explanation: The refractory period follows an action potential and ensures signal directionality and limits firing frequency, due to inactivated sodium channels and ongoing potassium efflux.
5At a chemical synapse, what triggers neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft?
A.Ca2+ influx into the presynaptic terminal triggering vesicle fusion
B.Direct electrical current jumping the gap
C.K+ efflux from the postsynaptic cell
D.Glucose diffusion into the presynaptic terminal
Explanation: Arrival of an action potential opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in the presynaptic terminal; the resulting Ca2+ influx triggers synaptic vesicles to fuse with the membrane and release neurotransmitter.
6What is the function of acetylcholinesterase at a cholinergic synapse?
A.It breaks down acetylcholine to terminate the signal
B.It synthesizes new acetylcholine
C.It transports acetylcholine into the presynaptic cell unchanged
D.It opens postsynaptic sodium channels directly
Explanation: Acetylcholinesterase degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, ending the neurotransmitter's action and allowing the synapse to reset.
7What does an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential) do to the postsynaptic membrane?
A.Depolarizes it, making an action potential more likely
B.Hyperpolarizes it, making an action potential less likely
C.Has no effect on membrane potential
D.Destroys the postsynaptic membrane
Explanation: An EPSP depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane, bringing it closer to the threshold needed to trigger an action potential.
8What is spatial summation at a neuron's postsynaptic membrane?
A.Combining postsynaptic potentials from multiple synapses at different locations at roughly the same time
B.Combining signals from one synapse fired repeatedly over time
C.The physical growth of a longer axon
D.The myelination of multiple axons
Explanation: Spatial summation combines the effects of postsynaptic potentials from different synaptic inputs at approximately the same time, which can push the membrane over threshold.
9What is the role of myelin sheaths on axons?
A.They increase conduction velocity through saltatory conduction
B.They slow down signal conduction intentionally
C.They generate the action potential itself
D.They synthesize neurotransmitters
Explanation: Myelin insulates the axon, forcing action potentials to jump between Ranvier nodes (saltatory conduction), which greatly increases conduction speed.
10What are the Ranvier nodes (Schnürringe) on a myelinated axon?
A.Small gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed and action potentials regenerate
B.The synaptic terminals at the axon's end
C.The cell body of the neuron
D.The dendritic branching points
Explanation: Ranvier nodes are periodic unmyelinated gaps where voltage-gated channels cluster, allowing the action potential to regenerate as it 'jumps' along the axon.
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