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100+ Free KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Practice Questions

Prepare for the Cyprus KYSATS Medical Degree Equivalence Examination (Εξετάσεις για σκοπούς αναγνώρισης ισοτιμίας και αντιστοιχίας των τίτλων σπουδών Ιατρικής που προέρχονται από χώρες που δεν είναι μέλη της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης) exam with instant access — no signup required.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Exam

3 papers

Modular subject examinations administered across Internal Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics (KYSATS / UCY Medical School)

50%

Minimum passing threshold required in each examined subject paper independently (KYSATS regulations)

2 sessions

Biannual examination sittings conducted each year in March and October (University of Cyprus Centre)

Greek only

Exclusive official examination language specified for all papers (KYSATS / UCY)

€85.43

Statutory application fee for initial academic qualification recognition (KYSATS)

Cap. 250

Statutory basis under Article 7(1)(γ) of The Medical Registration Law (Republic of Cyprus)

The KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination is the statutory assessment in Cyprus for non-EU medical graduates seeking qualification recognition under Cap. 250 art. 7(1)(γ). Run twice yearly (March and October) by KYSATS and the University of Cyprus, it covers Internal Medicine, Surgery, and Paediatrics with a strict 50% pass mark in each paper. Official sittings are Greek-language electronic tests combining multiple-choice and short-answer spot items; this 100-item English MCQ bank is an independent study adaptation, not an official translation or format simulation.

Sample KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1A 58-year-old male presents to the emergency department with acute retrosternal crushing chest pain of 45 minutes' duration radiating to his left jaw and diaphoresis. An immediate 12-lead ECG reveals 3 mm ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF with reciprocal depression in leads I and aVL. Heart rate is 76 bpm and blood pressure is 134/82 mmHg. What is the most appropriate initial pharmacological antiplatelet therapy before urgent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?
A.Aspirin 300 mg orally (chewed) plus a potent P2Y12 inhibitor (e.g., ticagrelor 180 mg)
B.Aspirin 100 mg orally plus clopidogrel 75 mg with low-dose subcutaneous enoxaparin
C.Ticagrelor 90 mg orally monotherapy without aspirin to minimize gastrointestinal bleeding
D.Intravenous unfractionated heparin bolus alone without oral antiplatelet agents
Explanation: European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and international guidelines for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) recommend dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) as early as possible. This consists of a loading dose of aspirin (150-300 mg orally chewed, or 75-250 mg IV) combined with a potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitor (ticagrelor 180 mg or prasugrel 60 mg, unless contraindicated) prior to primary PCI.
2A 64-year-old female with ischemic cardiomyopathy and chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF 28%) presents for routine outpatient review. She remains in NYHA functional class II on optimal doses of ramipril 10 mg daily, bisoprolol 10 mg daily, and eplerenone 50 mg daily. Her blood pressure is 118/74 mmHg, eGFR is 52 mL/min/1.73 m², and serum potassium is 4.6 mEq/L. Which medication class should be added to complete foundational guideline-directed medical therapy and reduce cardiovascular mortality?
A.Digoxin 0.125 mg once daily
B.Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (e.g., dapagliflozin 10 mg daily)
C.Diltiazem 120 mg sustained-release once daily
D.Furosemide 80 mg twice daily
Explanation: ESC Heart Failure guidelines establish four foundational pillars that reduce mortality in HFrEF: an ACE inhibitor/ARNI, an evidence-based beta-blocker, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (MRA), and an SGLT2 inhibitor (dapagliflozin or empagliflozin). SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalizations regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes.
3A 72-year-old male with a history of hypertension is brought to the resuscitation bay with sudden-onset palpitation, severe shortness of breath, and lightheadedness. Blood pressure is 76/48 mmHg, heart rate is 168 bpm and irregularly irregular, respiratory rate is 28 breaths/min, and bilateral basal crackles are audible. The 12-lead ECG confirms atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and no discrete P waves. What is the most appropriate immediate management?
A.Intravenous amiodarone 300 mg infusion over 30 minutes
B.Intravenous verapamil 5 mg slow bolus over 2 minutes
C.Immediate synchronized direct-current electrical cardioversion
D.Immediate oral dabigatran 150 mg followed by rate control
Explanation: In patients with acute tachyarrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response) who exhibit hemodynamic instability (hypotension, pulmonary edema, shock, acute chest pain), emergent synchronized direct-current electrical cardioversion is the immediate treatment of choice to restore perfusion.
4A 56-year-old male presents with sudden, excruciating tearing chest pain radiating between his scapulae that began 30 minutes ago. On physical examination, blood pressure is 88/54 mmHg in the right arm and 142/86 mmHg in the left arm, with distended jugular veins and distant heart sounds. A bedside transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrates an intimal flap in the ascending aorta and a moderate pericardial effusion with right ventricular diastolic collapse. What is the immediate definitive management strategy?
A.Immediate needle pericardiocentesis in the emergency department
B.Intravenous alteplase infusion for presumed pulmonary embolism
C.Therapeutic anticoagulation with low-molecular-weight heparin and observation
D.Urgent cardiothoracic surgical consultation for emergent surgical repair
Explanation: The patient has an acute Stanford Type A aortic dissection complicated by cardiac tamponade (hemopericardium). Type A aortic dissection involves the ascending aorta and represents a surgical emergency with high hourly mortality. Emergency surgical repair (grafting and pericardial exploration) is definitive. Blind pericardiocentesis is contraindicated as sudden decompression can aggravate bleeding through the aortic rupture site.
5A 34-year-old previously healthy woman presents to the primary care clinic with a 3-day history of cough productive of rust-colored sputum, fever of 38.4°C, and right pleuritic chest pain. On examination, blood pressure is 116/72 mmHg, heart rate is 84 bpm, respiratory rate is 18 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Auscultation reveals bronchial breath sounds and crackles over the right lower lung base. Her CURB-65 score is 0. Which antibiotic regimen is the most appropriate first-line outpatient therapy?
A.Oral amoxicillin 1 g three times daily for 5 days
B.Oral ciprofloxacin 500 mg twice daily for 7 days
C.Intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily plus vancomycin
D.Oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole one double-strength tablet twice daily
Explanation: According to European and BTS guidelines for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), previously healthy outpatients with low severity (CURB-65 score 0) and no comorbidities should receive high-dose oral amoxicillin (500 mg to 1 g TID) as first-line monotherapy, targeting Streptococcus pneumoniae.
6A 68-year-old male with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presents with increasing dyspnea, increased sputum volume, and purulence. On physical examination, he is alert but tachypneic at 30 breaths/min, using accessory respiratory muscles. Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis on room air shows: pH 7.28, PaCO2 62 mmHg, PaO2 54 mmHg, and HCO3- 29 mmol/L. Despite prompt administration of nebulized bronchodilators and systemic corticosteroids, his repeat ABG 45 minutes later shows: pH 7.26, PaCO2 66 mmHg, and PaO2 58 mmHg on 28% Venturi mask. What is the most appropriate next step in management?
A.Initiation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV / BiPAP)
B.Immediate endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation
C.Increase supplemental oxygen delivery via non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min
D.Intravenous respiratory stimulant infusion (e.g., doxapram)
Explanation: In acute hypercapnic respiratory failure complicating a COPD exacerbation with persistent respiratory acidosis (pH < 7.35 and PaCO2 > 45 mmHg) despite initial medical therapy, non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIV/BiPAP) is the first-line evidence-based ventilatory support. NIV reduces intubation rates, hospital length of stay, and mortality.
7A 54-year-old woman who underwent total knee replacement 8 days ago presents with sudden syncope followed by severe dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain. On arrival, she is diaphoretic, heart rate is 128 bpm, blood pressure is 78/48 mmHg refractory to 1 L of IV saline, and oxygen saturation is 86% on room air. Bedside echocardiography demonstrates acute right ventricular dilatation, severe hypokinesis of the RV free wall with sparing of the apex (McConnell sign), and a small, underfilled left ventricle. What is the most appropriate immediate definitive treatment?
A.Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin 1 mg/kg twice daily) alone
B.Oral apixaban 10 mg twice daily loading dose
C.Systemic intravenous thrombolytic therapy (e.g., alteplase 100 mg over 2 hours)
D.Placement of an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter without medical anticoagulation
Explanation: The patient has high-risk (massive) pulmonary embolism characterized by persistent hemodynamic collapse (systolic BP < 90 mmHg) and right ventricular dysfunction. According to ESC guidelines on pulmonary embolism, systemic intravenous thrombolytic therapy is indicated for high-risk PE in the absence of absolute contraindications, as it rapidly restores pulmonary perfusion and hemodynamics.
8A 22-year-old female with known brittle asthma presents to the emergency department in acute severe distress. She is unable to speak more than single words, sitting upright, with respiratory rate of 34 breaths/min, pulse 138 bpm, and oxygen saturation 90% on high-flow oxygen. Over the past 60 minutes she has received three back-to-back nebulizations of salbutamol (5 mg) and ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg), along with 200 mg intravenous hydrocortisone. On re-evaluation, wheezing is diminished with poor air entry bilaterally, and peak expiratory flow is 30% of predicted. What is the most appropriate next pharmacological intervention to prevent respiratory exhaustion?
A.Subcutaneous terbutaline injection into the deltoid
B.Inhaled fluticasone propionate 500 mcg via metered-dose inhaler
C.Oral montelukast 10 mg stat dose
D.Intravenous magnesium sulfate 2 g infused over 20 minutes
Explanation: In acute severe or life-threatening asthma exacerbations that fail to respond adequately to initial continuous or back-to-back inhaled SABA, ipratropium, and systemic corticosteroids, intravenous magnesium sulfate (2 g over 20 minutes) is recommended by GINA and BTS guidelines. It acts as a potent bronchial smooth muscle relaxant by inhibiting calcium influx.
9A 62-year-old male with a history of osteoarthritis on daily naproxen presents with two episodes of melena and hematemesis. On arrival, blood pressure is 108/68 mmHg, pulse is 96 bpm, and hemoglobin is 9.4 g/dL. Following volume resuscitation with crystalloids, which pharmacological therapy should be administered while preparing for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy within 24 hours?
A.High-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor (e.g., omeprazole bolus followed by continuous infusion)
B.Oral sucralfate suspension 1 g every 6 hours
C.Intravenous tranexamic acid 1 g bolus every 8 hours
D.Oral misoprostol 200 mcg four times daily
Explanation: In acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, high-dose intravenous proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy (e.g., omeprazole or pantoprazole 80 mg IV bolus followed by 8 mg/hour infusion, or intermittent high-dose IV boluses) raises gastric pH above 6.0, stabilizing the fibrin clot and significantly reducing rebleeding rates and the need for surgical intervention.
10A 52-year-old male with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis presents with massive hematemesis. On examination, he is pale and confused, pulse is 118 bpm, blood pressure is 86/52 mmHg, and abdominal examination reveals shifting dullness and prominent caput medusae. In addition to airway protection and cautious blood transfusion targeting a hemoglobin of 7-8 g/dL, which combination of medical therapies should be initiated immediately before emergency endoscopy?
A.Intravenous furosemide and oral lactulose
B.Intravenous terlipressin (or octreotide) and prophylactic intravenous ceftriaxone
C.Oral carvedilol and intravenous vitamin K
D.Intravenous tranexamic acid and subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin
Explanation: According to the Baveno and EASL guidelines for acute variceal bleeding, immediate vasoactive therapy (terlipressin, somatostatin, or octreotide) must be started on presentation to reduce splanchnic blood flow and portal pressure. Furthermore, short-term prophylactic antibiotics (IV ceftriaxone 1 g/day) significantly decrease bacterial infections, rebleeding rates, and overall mortality in cirrhotic patients.

About the KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Exam

The Cyprus KYSATS Medical Degree Equivalence Examination (Εξετάσεις Αναγνώρισης Τίτλων Ιατρικής) is the official compensatory written assessment administered by KYSATS in partnership with the University of Cyprus Medical School for graduates of medical schools from non-EU/EEA countries seeking academic recognition of their medical qualifications under The Medical Registration Law, Cap. 250, art. 7(1)(γ). The examination tests three core subjects: Internal Medicine (Παθολογία), Surgery (Χειρουργική), and Paediatrics (Παιδιατρική), with candidates sitting the specific papers designated in their KYSATS referral letter. Official examinations are conducted electronically in Greek; this bank provides an English-language MCQ study adaptation for core medical curriculum review.

Assessment

Three modular electronic papers administered on separate dates during biannual testing sessions (March and October). Candidates take only the subject papers specified in their individual KYSATS referral letter.

Time Limit

Not published

Passing Score

50% in each examined paper

Exam Fee

KYSATS recognition fees: €85.43 to examine an application, €170.86 to re-examine it, €34.17 for the certificate. The sitting fee for the written papers is not published. (Cyprus Council of Recognition of Higher Education Qualifications (KYSATS) & University of Cyprus Medical School)

KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Exam Content Outline

34% of bank (34 questions)

Internal Medicine (Παθολογία)

Cardiology, pulmonology, gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology, infectious diseases, neurology, hematology, and rheumatology.

33% of bank (33 questions)

General Surgery & Surgical Specialties (Χειρουργική)

Acute abdomen, trauma management, perioperative critical care, gastrointestinal surgery, vascular emergencies, and surgical oncology.

33% of bank (33 questions)

Paediatrics (Παιδιατρική)

Neonatal care, pediatric growth and milestones, childhood infectious diseases, dehydration, pediatric emergencies, and congenital disorders.

How to Pass the KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Exam

What You Need to Know

  • Passing score: 50% in each examined paper
  • Assessment: Three modular electronic papers administered on separate dates during biannual testing sessions (March and October). Candidates take only the subject papers specified in their individual KYSATS referral letter.
  • Time limit: Not published
  • Exam fee: KYSATS recognition fees: €85.43 to examine an application, €170.86 to re-examine it, €34.17 for the certificate. The sitting fee for the written papers is not published.

Keys to Passing

  • Work through all 100 available questions
  • Review every answer and explanation
  • Track weak areas and revisit them
  • Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination Study Tips from Top Performers

1Review European and international clinical practice guidelines across cardiology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, and respiratory medicine, as questions reflect modern evidence-based clinical standards.
2In Surgery, prioritize acute abdominal presentations, indications for emergent laparotomy versus conservative management, trauma resuscitation following ATLS protocols, and perioperative surgical complications.
3In Paediatrics, focus on neonatal resuscitation, developmental milestones, fluid and electrolyte replacement in pediatric gastroenteritis, childhood exanthems, and acute respiratory distress (croup, bronchiolitis, asthma).
4Pay close attention to diagnostic thresholds and first-line pharmacological treatments: practice differentiating when to order urgent cross-sectional imaging versus immediate bedside interventions.
5Familiarize yourself with Greek medical terminology corresponding to core clinical concepts, since the official examination is delivered exclusively in Greek.
6Pace yourself during case scenarios: carefully read vital signs, laboratory panels, and patient demographics before selecting an answer.
7Understand the separate 50% passing standard: ensure balanced revision across all assigned papers rather than relying on strength in one subject to compensate for another.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination in Cyprus?

The KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination (Εξετάσεις για σκοπούς αναγνώρισης ισοτιμίας και αντιστοιχίας των τίτλων σπουδών Ιατρικής) is the official academic assessment organized by the Cyprus Council of Recognition of Higher Education Qualifications (ΚΥ.Σ.Α.Τ.Σ.) in partnership with the Medical School of the University of Cyprus. It evaluates whether a medical qualification obtained outside the European Union corresponds academically to the medical degree awarded in Cyprus, fulfilling the statutory requirement under Cap. 250 art. 7(1)(γ) for eventual medical licensure.

Who is required to take the KYSATS Medical Equivalence Examination?

Graduates of medical schools in non-EU/EEA third countries whose medical curricula do not automatically qualify for direct recognition under EU Directive 2005/36/EC are referred to these examinations. KYSATS compares the applicant's programme of study against a model programme of study (πρότυπο πρόγραμμα σπουδών) and, where the degree falls short, specifies make-up subjects; if it falls short by more than 10 courses, correspondence cannot be recognised at all. KYSATS then issues a formal referral letter (παραπεμπτική επιστολή) specifying which of the three subject papers the candidate must pass.

What subjects are tested and what score is needed to pass?

The assessment covers three separate subject papers: Internal Medicine (Παθολογία), Surgery (Χειρουργική), and Paediatrics (Παιδιατρική). To pass, candidates must score at least 50% in each assigned subject paper independently. There is no aggregate score; failing a single subject paper requires retaking that specific paper.

When and how are the official examinations delivered?

Examinations are held twice per year, typically in March (spring session) and October (autumn session). The papers are administered electronically at the University of Cyprus testing facilities under the supervision of the UCY Lifelong Learning & Personnel Selection Examinations Centre (formerly KEPEAA, now KEDIVIM).

In what language is the official examination conducted?

The official examination is conducted exclusively in Greek ('μόνο στην Ελληνική Γλώσσα') and historically includes both multiple-choice and short-answer spot test questions. This practice bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation created to assist international medical graduates in revising core medical knowledge; it is an independent study tool, not an official translation or format simulation.

What is the statutory role of the Cyprus Medical Council versus KYSATS?

The Cyprus Medical Council (Ιατρικό Συμβούλιο Κύπρου - ΙΣΚ) is the statutory regulatory and licensing authority under The Medical Registration Law (Cap. 250). The Medical Council itself administers no written knowledge examinations. Instead, under Cap. 250 art. 7(1)(γ), the Council requires that non-EU medical qualifications be formally recognized by KYSATS before an applicant can be entered into the Medical Register (Μητρώο Ιατρών).

What are the costs and fees associated with KYSATS recognition?

KYSATS publishes three fees, all of which relate to the recognition application rather than to the written papers: €85.43 to examine an application for recognition of each qualification, €170.86 to re-examine each qualification, and €34.17 to issue the certificate of recognition. Fees are payable at the KYSATS offices in Nicosia or online through JCCsmart. KYSATS and the University of Cyprus do not publish a sitting fee for the examinations themselves; registered candidates are informed directly by the University of Cyprus examinations centre.

What other requirements must non-EU doctors fulfill to practice medicine in Cyprus?

Beyond KYSATS academic equivalence recognition, candidates must apply to the Cyprus Medical Council, provide primary-source credential verification via ECFMG/EPIC (required for non-EU degrees since 1 June 2021), demonstrate Greek language proficiency at Level C1, and provide a clean criminal record certificate issued within the previous 3 months. Cap. 250 art. 7(1)(δ) also requires at least 12 months of post-graduation hospital service including 6 months in pathology and 6 months in surgery; the proviso waives this for a person the Council accepts as holding a specialty under art. 23, or who has served at least 30 months as a doctor in a hospital approved by the Council. The Council must issue a reasoned decision within 3 months of a complete file.