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निम्नलिखित में से 'तत्सम' शब्द कौन-सा है? (Which of the following is a 'tatsam' (Sanskrit-origin, unadapted) word?)

अग्नि (fire — tatsam)

आँख (eye — tad-bhava)

आग (fire — tad-bhava)

नाक (nose — tad-bhava)

to track

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Key Facts: Pragya (CHD Hindi) Exam

Pragya is the highest of the three CHD Hindi certificates: ~75% MCQ on LILA platform covering reading, grammar, and vocabulary at B1–B2 level, plus a 25% written component; primarily for Central Government employees.

Sample Pragya (CHD Hindi) Practice Questions

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1निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर उत्तर दीजिए: "आज के युग में पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक गंभीर समस्या बन गई है। वायु, जल और भूमि तीनों प्रकार के प्रदूषण मानव जीवन को प्रभावित कर रहे हैं। इस समस्या का मुख्य कारण औद्योगीकरण और जनसंख्या वृद्धि है। यदि हम अभी से सावधान नहीं हुए तो आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ स्वच्छ वातावरण से वंचित रह जाएँगी।" गद्यांश के अनुसार पर्यावरण प्रदूषण का मुख्य कारण क्या है? (According to the passage, what is the main cause of environmental pollution?)

A.मानव की लापरवाही (Human carelessness)

B.औद्योगीकरण और जनसंख्या वृद्धि (Industrialization and population growth)

C.वन-कटाव और खनन (Deforestation and mining)

D.कृषि और पशुपालन (Agriculture and animal husbandry)

Explanation: The passage explicitly states 'इस समस्या का मुख्य कारण औद्योगीकरण और जनसंख्या वृद्धि है' (the main cause of this problem is industrialization and population growth). Reading comprehension at B1–B2 requires identifying stated main causes directly from the text. The other options are not mentioned in the passage.

2उसी गद्यांश के आधार पर बताइए — लेखक के अनुसार यदि हम सावधान नहीं हुए तो क्या होगा? (Based on the same passage — what does the author say will happen if we are not careful?)

A.वन्य जीव नष्ट हो जाएँगे (Wildlife will be destroyed)

B.आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ शिक्षा से वंचित रहेंगी (Future generations will be deprived of education)

C.आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ स्वच्छ वातावरण से वंचित रह जाएँगी (Future generations will be deprived of clean environment)

D.कृषि उत्पादन घट जाएगा (Agricultural production will decline)

Explanation: The passage directly states: 'आने वाली पीढ़ियाँ स्वच्छ वातावरण से वंचित रह जाएँगी' — future generations will be deprived of a clean environment. This is a direct-recall comprehension question requiring the student to locate a specific consequence stated in the text.

3निम्नलिखित वाक्य में कर्मवाच्य (Passive Voice) का सही रूप चुनिए: सक्रिय वाक्य: 'राम ने पत्र लिखा।' (Active: 'Ram wrote the letter.' — Choose the correct passive form.)

A.राम से पत्र लिखा गया। (The letter was written by Ram.)

B.राम ने पत्र लिखवाया। (Ram got the letter written.)

C.राम को पत्र लिखना था। (Ram had to write the letter.)

D.राम पत्र लिखता है। (Ram writes the letter.)

Explanation: Hindi passive voice (कर्मवाच्य) is formed with the instrumental postposition 'से' after the agent (doer), and the verb becomes a past participle + 'गया/गई/गए' agreeing with the object. Thus 'राम ने पत्र लिखा' becomes 'राम से पत्र लिखा गया' — the letter was written by Ram. This is a core B1–B2 grammar pattern.

4निम्नलिखित वाक्य में रिक्त स्थान भरिए — सही विकल्प चुनिए: 'यदि वह समय पर आता, तो हम _______ निकल जाते।' (If he had come on time, we would have left _______.) (Choose the correct word for the blank.)

A.अभी (now)

B.साथ (together)

C.बाद में (later)

D.पहले (earlier / before)

Explanation: The sentence uses the counterfactual conditional (संभावनार्थ/संकेतार्थ) construction 'यदि … तो …'. The context of 'if he had arrived on time' logically implies 'we would have left earlier/before' — पहले. This tests both grammatical competence (conditional mood) and contextual vocabulary at B1–B2.

5निम्नलिखित में से 'तत्सम' शब्द कौन-सा है? (Which of the following is a 'tatsam' (Sanskrit-origin, unadapted) word?)

A.आग (fire — tad-bhava)

B.अग्नि (fire — tatsam)

C.आँख (eye — tad-bhava)

D.नाक (nose — tad-bhava)

Explanation: तत्सम (tatsam) words are borrowed directly from Sanskrit with no phonological change. अग्नि is the original Sanskrit word for fire, unchanged. आग is its तद्भव (tad-bhava) derivative — the same root but phonologically evolved in Hindi. आँख and नाक are also tad-bhava. Recognizing tatsam vs. tad-bhava is a key vocabulary skill at Pragya (B1–B2) level.

6मुहावरे का सही अर्थ चुनिए: 'आँखें चुराना' (Choose the correct meaning of the idiom: 'aankhein churaana')

A.चोरी करना (to steal)

B.किसी से मिलने से कतराना / नज़रें मिलाने से बचना (to avoid meeting someone / to evade someone's gaze)

C.आँखें बंद करना (to close one's eyes)

D.ध्यान से देखना (to look carefully)

Explanation: 'आँखें चुराना' is a common Hindi idiom (मुहावरा) meaning to avoid meeting someone, to evade their gaze due to guilt, shame, or reluctance — not literally stealing eyes. Idiom comprehension at B1–B2 requires knowing the figurative (लाक्षणिक) meaning rather than the literal word-by-word meaning.

7निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर प्रश्न का उत्तर दीजिए: "महात्मा गाँधी केवल एक राजनीतिज्ञ नहीं थे; वे एक समाज-सुधारक भी थे। उन्होंने अस्पृश्यता, बाल-विवाह और स्त्री-शिक्षा जैसी सामाजिक कुरीतियों के विरुद्ध आवाज़ उठाई। उनका मानना था कि स्वतंत्रता केवल राजनीतिक नहीं, बल्कि सामाजिक और आर्थिक भी होनी चाहिए।" लेखक के अनुसार गाँधीजी का मानना था कि स्वतंत्रता किन-किन रूपों में होनी चाहिए? (According to the author, in how many forms did Gandhiji believe freedom should exist?)

A.केवल राजनीतिक (Only political)

B.राजनीतिक और सामाजिक (Political and social)

C.राजनीतिक, सामाजिक और आर्थिक (Political, social, and economic)

D.धार्मिक और सांस्कृतिक (Religious and cultural)

Explanation: The passage states: 'स्वतंत्रता केवल राजनीतिक नहीं, बल्कि सामाजिक और आर्थिक भी होनी चाहिए' — freedom should be not only political but also social and economic. Three forms: political + social + economic. This tests B1–B2 multi-detail comprehension.

8निम्नलिखित वाक्य में समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction) का सही प्रयोग कौन-सा है? (Which sentence uses the conjunction correctly?)

A.वह पढ़ता है लेकिन मेहनती है। (He studies but he is hardworking.)

B.वह पढ़ता है इसलिए वह थका हुआ है। (He studies therefore he is tired.)

C.वह पढ़ता है क्योंकि वह परीक्षा में उत्तीर्ण होना चाहता है। (He studies because he wants to pass the exam.)

D.वह पढ़ता है फिर भी वह आलसी है। (He studies even then he is lazy.)

Explanation: 'क्योंकि' (because) is a causal conjunction (कारणवाचक समुच्चयबोधक) and correctly expresses the reason/motive for studying. Option A misuses 'लेकिन' (but/contrast) where no contrast exists. Option D misuses 'फिर भी' (even so/concessive) — studying and being lazy ARE contradictory so D has logical coherence but the pairing in context is odd. Option B uses 'इसलिए' (therefore) but studying does not directly cause tiredness without more context; C is the clearest and most natural logical pairing.

9निम्नलिखित में से किस शब्द का अर्थ 'विश्वास' (trust/faith) के सबसे निकट है? (Which of the following words is closest in meaning to 'vishvaas' — trust/faith?)

A.संशय (doubt/suspicion)

B.प्रतीति (conviction/certainty)

C.आशंका (apprehension/fear)

D.भ्रम (illusion/confusion)

Explanation: 'प्रतीति' means conviction, belief, or certainty — the closest synonym to विश्वास (trust/faith) among these options. It comes from Sanskrit prati+iti (having been experienced/confirmed). संशय, आशंका, and भ्रम are all semantically opposite to विश्वास (they imply doubt, fear, or confusion). B1–B2 vocabulary questions test precise synonym discrimination.

10निम्नलिखित गद्यांश पढ़कर उत्तर दीजिए: "भारत एक कृषि-प्रधान देश है। यहाँ की लगभग 60% जनसंख्या कृषि पर निर्भर है। हरित क्रांति ने खाद्यान्न उत्पादन में अभूतपूर्व वृद्धि की, परंतु रासायनिक उर्वरकों के अत्यधिक प्रयोग से भूमि की उर्वरता घटने लगी है। इसलिए अब जैविक खेती को प्रोत्साहन दिया जा रहा है।" गद्यांश के अनुसार जैविक खेती को क्यों बढ़ावा दिया जा रहा है? (According to the passage, why is organic farming being promoted?)

A.हरित क्रांति की विफलता के कारण (Due to the failure of the Green Revolution)

B.रासायनिक उर्वरकों से भूमि की उर्वरता घटने के कारण (Because chemical fertilisers are reducing soil fertility)

C.अधिक जनसंख्या को रोज़गार देने के लिए (To provide employment to the large population)

D.विदेशी बाज़ारों में माँग बढ़ने के कारण (Due to increased demand in foreign markets)

Explanation: The passage states: 'रासायनिक उर्वरकों के अत्यधिक प्रयोग से भूमि की उर्वरता घटने लगी है। इसलिए अब जैविक खेती को प्रोत्साहन दिया जा रहा है।' — soil fertility is declining due to excessive chemical fertilisers, therefore organic farming is being promoted. The word 'इसलिए' (therefore) is the causal link.

About the Pragya (CHD Hindi) Exam

The Pragya certificate is the advanced and highest level of the Central Hindi Directorate's (CHD) three-level Hindi proficiency scheme for non-native speakers — Prabodh (elementary), Praveen (intermediate), and Pragya (advanced). Established in 1972, Pragya certifies Hindi proficiency at approximately the 10th-standard level, broadly corresponding to CEFR B1–B2. It is designed primarily for Central Government employees, staff in public undertakings, and employees of autonomous bodies who wish to advance their official Hindi competency. The examination has two components: approximately 75% online objective (MCQ) delivered via the LILA (Language Interface for Language Acquisition) platform, and approximately 25% written descriptive tasks. MCQ sections test reading comprehension on B1–B2 passages, a wide range of grammar topics (tense, voice, samaas, sandhi, sentence types, alankar), and vocabulary skills (tatsam/tadbhava, idioms, proverbs, synonyms, antonyms). The written component tests paragraph writing, letters, summary, and translation. Examinations are typically held annually in November; correspondence course students may also sit in LILA online mode. CHD functions as the teaching agency; examinations are conducted by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs. Passing Pragya qualifies candidates for incentive awards under the Government of India's Hindi teaching scheme.

Questions

100 scored questions

Time Limit

Approximately 2–3 hours total (MCQ component via LILA platform + written descriptive component). Check the official CHD examination notification for exact section timings.

Passing Score

Minimum 35% in each component; overall qualifying score as set by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.

Exam Fee

Nominal fee set by the Central Hindi Directorate. Verify the current fee at chd.education.gov.in or with your regional CHD office. (Central Hindi Directorate (Kendriya Hindi Nideshalaya), Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India. Examination conducted by Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.)

Pragya (CHD Hindi) Exam Content Outline

~35–40%

Reading Comprehension (पठन-बोध)

B1–B2 Hindi passages on social, environmental, historical, and civic topics — MCQ testing main idea, inference, detail recall, author purpose, and contextual vocabulary.

~30–35%

Grammar (व्याकरण)

Tense, voice, case markers, samaas, sandhi, sentence types, figures of speech, sentence transformation, and parts of speech at B1–B2 level.

~25%

Vocabulary (शब्द-भंडार)

Tatsam/tad-bhava classification, idioms, proverbs, synonyms, antonyms, word formation, near-homophones, and polysemy.

~25%

Written Component (लेखन)

Descriptive writing: paragraph, letter, summary (saar-lekhan), translation. Open-response — not covered in this MCQ practice bank.

How to Pass the Pragya (CHD Hindi) Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Minimum 35% in each component; overall qualifying score as set by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.
Exam length: 100 questions
Time limit: Approximately 2–3 hours total (MCQ component via LILA platform + written descriptive component). Check the official CHD examination notification for exact section timings.
Exam fee: Nominal fee set by the Central Hindi Directorate. Verify the current fee at chd.education.gov.in or with your regional CHD office.

Keys to Passing

Complete 500+ practice questions
Score 80%+ consistently before scheduling
Focus on highest-weighted sections
Use our AI tutor for tough concepts

Pragya (CHD Hindi) Study Tips from Top Performers

1Master all six types of samaas (tatpurusha, dvandva, karmadharaya, bahuvrihi, dvigu, avyayibhava) with at least three examples each — samaas identification questions appear in every Pragya grammar section and require confident, fast recognition.

2Learn the three sandhi categories (svar/vowel, vyanjan/consonant, visarga) and the key rules within each: especially the Gun sandhi (a/aa + u/uu → o), Vriddhi sandhi, and the visarga-to-o transformation (manaH + ratha → manoratha). Sandhi appears repeatedly in tatsam vocabulary.

3Build a core idiom (muhavara) and proverb (lokokti) list of at least 30 items — never interpret them literally. High-frequency idioms: aankhein churaana, nau do gyaarah, aaasteen kaa saanp, daant khatte karnaa, haath par haath dharkar baithnaa.

4Review tatsam–tadbhava–deshaj–videshi word classification systematically: for every common Hindi word, know its source. Examples: agni (tatsam) → aag (tadbhava); khidki (deshaj); station (English/videshi). This quadrant appears directly in vocabulary MCQ.

5Practise the conditional/counterfactual past (hetu-hetumad bhutkaal: yadi … hotaa/hotee, toh … hotaa) and subjunctive (shayad vah aae) separately — many students confuse these with simple past or definite future, but Pragya specifically tests the distinction.

6For reading comprehension at B2 level, practise answering author-purpose, author-viewpoint, and negative-evidence questions (which benefit is NOT mentioned?). These require holding the full passage in mind, not just scanning for a keyword.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Pragya certificate and who should take it?

Pragya is the third and highest level of the Central Hindi Directorate's (CHD) Hindi proficiency scheme, certifying advanced Hindi competency at approximately 10th-standard level (CEFR B1–B2). It is designed for Central Government employees, public-sector employees, and employees of autonomous bodies who have completed Prabodh and Praveen or possess equivalent Hindi knowledge and wish to demonstrate advanced Official Hindi proficiency.

What is the exam format for Pragya?

Pragya uses a hybrid format: approximately 75% of the examination is online objective (MCQ) delivered on the LILA platform, covering reading comprehension, grammar, and vocabulary. The remaining 25% is a written descriptive component (paragraph writing, letter, summary, translation). The main examination session is typically held in November each year.

What is the passing score for Pragya?

Candidates must score at least 35% in each component of the Pragya examination. The examination is conducted by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs; verify the current passing threshold in the official examination notification at chd.education.gov.in.

What is the difference between Prabodh, Praveen, and Pragya?

The CHD offers three progressive levels: Prabodh (elementary — for those with no Hindi knowledge), Praveen (intermediate — for those with elementary Hindi knowledge), and Pragya (advanced — for those with intermediate Hindi knowledge). Pragya is equivalent to Hindi as a second language at 10th-standard level and is the final and most demanding certificate.

What are the most important grammar topics for the Pragya MCQ section?

Key grammar topics tested in Pragya MCQ include: all six samaas types (tatpurusha, dvandva, karmadharaya, bahuvrihi, dvigu, avyayibhava); sandhi types (svar, vyanjan, visarga); passive voice (karmavachya); causative verbs (prernarthak kriya); tense classification including conditional/counterfactual (hetuhetumad bhutkaal) and subjunctive; case markers (karak and parsarg); figures of speech (alankar) including upamaa, roopak, anuprass, shlesh; and sentence transformation (direct-indirect speech, sentence types).

Can I take Pragya without completing the CHD correspondence course?

The CHD correspondence courses are designed for Central Government employees; course material is dispatched on a schedule and includes personal contact programmes. However, the LILA online platform also offers preparation. Private candidates should confirm eligibility directly with the Central Hindi Directorate at chd.education.gov.in, as the primary target group is government-sector employees.