100+ Free Bulgarian Bar Exam Practice Questions

Prepare for the Bulgarian Bar Exam for Advocates and Junior Advocates (Изпит за адвокати и младши адвокати / ВАдвС) exam with instant access — no signup required.

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2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Bulgarian Bar Exam Exam

2 Sessions

Spring (10 May-30 June) and Autumn (10 Oct-30 Nov)

Ordinance No. 2, Art. 2

3 Parts

Written test, written case paper, oral examination

Ordinance No. 2, Art. 7

80%

Correct answers needed to pass the test part

Ordinance No. 2, Art. 12(7)

15% of MRZ

Statutory exam fee to the Supreme Bar Council

Ordinance No. 2, Art. 8(4)

The Bulgarian Bar Exam (изпит за адвокати и младши адвокати) is the statutory entrance examination administered twice a year by the Supreme Bar Council (ВАдвС) under Ordinance No. 2. It consists of a written stage (MCQ test plus civil and criminal practical case studies) and an oral stage. Passing qualifies law graduates for registration in a Bulgarian Bar Collegium. This 100-question English MCQ bank provides a complete study adaptation of the official syllabus.

Sample Bulgarian Bar Exam Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Bulgarian Bar Exam exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Under Article 79(1) of the Bulgarian Property Act (Закон за собствеността - ЗС), what is the statutory period of uninterrupted possession required to acquire title to real property through acquisitive prescription in the absence of good faith (недобросъвестно владение)?

A.10 years

B.5 years

C.20 years

D.3 years

Explanation: Under Article 79(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), the right of ownership over immovable property by prescription is acquired through continuous possession for 10 years. Good faith possession (добросъвестно владение) under Article 79(2) reduces this period to 5 years.

2Under Article 33 of the Bulgarian Property Act (ЗС), what prerequisite must a co-owner fulfill before selling their share in an immovable property to a third party who is not a co-owner?

A.Offer the share to the other co-owners under the same terms and conditions

B.Obtain unanimous written consent from all other co-owners notarized by a notary

C.Initiate a judicial partition (съдебна делба) before the regional court

D.Publish an announcement in the State Gazette (Държавен вестник) at least 30 days prior

Explanation: Under Article 33(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), a co-owner may sell their share of an immovable property to a third party only after presenting evidence before the notary that they have offered the other co-owners to purchase the share under the same terms and that none of them accepted.

3If a co-owner sells their share of real estate to a third party in violation of Article 33 of the Property Act (ЗС), within what time limit may an omitted co-owner bring an action for redemption (изкупуване)?

A.Within 2 months from the date of the sale

B.Within 1 year from the date of the sale

C.Within 5 years from the date of the sale

D.Within 6 months from learning of the transaction

Explanation: Under Article 33(2) of the Property Act (ЗС), if the share is sold to a third party without first being offered to the co-owners, or on terms other than those actually agreed, an interested co-owner may bring an action to buy the share within 2 months of the sale. This is a preclusive (forfeiture) term, not an ordinary limitation period, so it cannot be interrupted or suspended.

4Under Article 67(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), the right to construct a building on another person's land (право на строеж / суперфиция) is extinguished by limitation in favor of the landowner if it is not exercised within what period?

A.5 years

B.10 years

C.3 years

D.20 years

Explanation: Under Article 67(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), the right to construct a building on another's land is extinguished by limitation in favor of the owner of the land if it is not exercised within 5 years (i.e. if the building is not completed to rough construction stage / 'груб строеж').

5Which of the following describes the difference between a petitory action under Article 108 of the Property Act (rei vindicatio) and a negatory action under Article 109 of the Property Act (actio negatoria)?

A.Article 108 seeks recovery of possession from an unlawful possessor, whereas Article 109 seeks cessation of unlawful interference that does not deprive the owner of possession

B.Article 108 applies exclusively to movable property, whereas Article 109 applies exclusively to immovable property

C.Article 108 is available only to co-owners, whereas Article 109 is available only to sole owners

D.Article 108 is subject to a 5-year statute of limitations, whereas Article 109 is not subject to any limitation

Explanation: Article 108 ЗС (vindicatory action) allows an owner to claim their property from any person possessing or detaining it without legal grounds. Article 109 ЗС (negatory action) allows an owner to demand cessation of any unjustified action that impedes the exercise of their ownership without depriving them of possession.

6Under Article 56(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), which of the following rights belongs to the holder of a personal usufruct (право на ползване)?

A.The right to use the property according to its intended purpose and to harvest its fruits without substantially altering it

B.The right to alienate or mortgage the property with court approval

C.The right to bequeath the usufruct to legal heirs upon death

D.The right to demolish existing structures and build commercial facilities for lease

Explanation: Under Article 56(1) of the Property Act (ЗС), the right of use includes the right to use the property in accordance with its purpose and the right to obtain its natural and civil fruits without making essential alterations to it. Usufruct is strictly personal and extinguishes upon the death of the beneficiary (Article 59 ЗС).

7Under Article 76 of the Property Act (ЗС), a possessor or holder from whom property has been taken by violence or concealment may claim its return within what time limit?

A.6 months from the taking of possession

B.1 year from the taking of possession

C.3 months from learning of the taking

D.5 years from the taking of possession

Explanation: Under Article 76 of the Property Act (ЗС), a possessor or holder who has been dispossessed of movable or immovable property through force or covert means may claim restitution from the dispossessor within 6 months.

8Under Article 26(1) of the Bulgarian Law on Obligations and Contracts (Закон за задълженията и договорите - ЗЗД), which of the following is a ground for absolute nullity (нищожност) of a contract?

A.Contradiction to the law or circumvention of the law (противоречие със закона или заобикаляне на закона)

B.Threat or duress exerted by one of the parties (заплашване)

C.Substantial mistake regarding the subject matter (грешка в предмета)

D.Fraud and intentional deception (измама)

Explanation: Under Article 26(1) ЗЗД, contracts that contradict the law or circumvent the law, as well as contracts violating good morals or contracts over non-existent future inheritances, are null and void (нищожни). Duress, mistake, and fraud are grounds for relative nullity / voidability (унищожаемост) under Articles 27–33 ЗЗД.

9Under Article 19(3) of the Bulgarian Law on Obligations and Contracts (ЗЗД), what action may either party bring if a valid preliminary contract (предварителен договор) for the transfer of real estate has been concluded but the other party refuses to execute the final notarial deed?

A.A constitutive claim before the court to declare the preliminary contract final (иск за обявяване на предварителния договор за окончателен)

B.An administrative petition to the Registry Agency to register the preliminary contract as a deed

C.A possessory claim under Article 75 of the Property Act to take immediate possession

D.An enforcement application directly to a judicial enforcement agent for compulsory execution

Explanation: Under Article 19(3) ЗЗД, either party to a preliminary contract may file a constitutive lawsuit under Article 362 of the Civil Procedure Code (ГПК) requesting the court to render a judgment that takes the place of the final notarial deed.

10Under Article 87(1) of the Law on Obligations and Contracts (ЗЗД), what is the general rule for terminating (разваляне) a bilateral contract due to non-performance by the debtor?

A.The creditor must provide an appropriate additional period for performance with a warning that the contract will be considered terminated upon expiration

B.The contract terminates automatically without notice on the day performance was due

C.The creditor must obtain a prior declaratory court judgment in all cases regardless of contract type

D.The creditor must file a petition with the Ministry of Justice within 14 days

Explanation: Under Article 87(1) ЗЗД, when a debtor under a bilateral contract fails to perform, the creditor may terminate the contract by giving the debtor an appropriate period for performance with a warning that upon expiration the contract shall be deemed terminated. Under Article 87(3) ЗЗД, judicial termination is required only for contracts transferring or creating rights in rem over real estate.

About the Bulgarian Bar Exam Exam

The Bulgarian Bar Exam for Advocates and Junior Advocates (Изпит за адвокати и младши адвокати) is the mandatory national professional licensing examination conducted by the Supreme Bar Council (Висш адвокатски съвет — ВАдвС) under the Bar Act (Закон за адвокатурата) and Ordinance No. 2 of October 29, 2004. Passing the examination is the statutory prerequisite for admission to any of Bulgaria's 27 regional Bar Collegia (адвокатски колегии) as an advocate (for candidates with at least 2 years of legal experience) or junior advocate (for candidates with under 2 years of legal experience). The official examination takes place in two annual sessions (Spring and Autumn) and comprises two sequential stages: a written examination (consisting of a comprehensive multiple-choice test and practical legal case analyses in civil/commercial and criminal law) and an oral examination before a panel of senior practitioners and academics. This 100-question English-language MCQ practice bank covers the complete thematic outline adopted by the Supreme Bar Council, including substantive and procedural civil law (ЗС, ЗЗД, ТЗ, СК, ЗН, ГПК), criminal law and procedure (НК, НПК), administrative justice (АПК, ЗАНН), and advocate professional ethics. Note: the official exam is conducted in Bulgarian. This bank is an English-language MCQ study adaptation designed for conceptual mastery and exam revision — not an official translation or substitute for practicing written case argumentation in Bulgarian.

Assessment

Two-stage state qualification examination conducted twice annually (Spring session in May–June and Autumn session in October–November) under Ordinance No. 2. Stage 1 consists of a written MCQ test and written practical case studies in civil/commercial law and criminal law. Candidates who achieve a passing mark in the written stage advance to Stage 2, which is an oral examination before an examination commission appointed by the Supreme Bar Council (ВАдвС).

Time Limit

Test: 3 astronomical hours (Art. 12(5)). Case solving: 4 astronomical hours (Art. 13(5)). Oral duration is not published.

Passing Score

Each stage is marked "издържал"/"неиздържал". The test is passed with at least 80% correct answers (Art. 12(7)); only candidates who pass the test sit the case paper, and only candidates who pass both written parts are admitted to the oral (Art. 7(3)).

Exam Fee

15% of the national minimum monthly wage to the Supreme Bar Council (EUR 93.03 for the 2026 sessions), under Ordinance No. 2, Art. 8(4). (Supreme Bar Council of the Republic of Bulgaria (Висш адвокатски съвет — ВАдвС) under the Bar Act (Закон за адвокатурата) and Ordinance No. 2 of October 29, 2004)

Bulgarian Bar Exam Exam Content Outline

Thematic conspectus area

Civil Law, Commercial Law & Civil Procedure (Гражданскоправни науки и ГПК)

Property Act (ЗС), Law on Obligations and Contracts (ЗЗД), Commercial Act (ТЗ), Family Code (СК), Law on Inheritance (ЗН), and Civil Procedure Code (ГПК: adversarial procedure, evidence, provisional remedies, first-instance, appellate, and cassation proceedings, enforcement).

Thematic conspectus area

Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure (Наказателноправни науки и НПК)

Penal Code (НК: general principles, crimes against the person, property, public order, and economic crimes) and Criminal Procedure Code (НПК: pre-trial investigation, measures of procedural restraint, trial procedure, evidence, appeals, cassation, and defense rights).

Thematic conspectus area

Administrative & Constitutional Law (Публичноправни науки: АПК, ЗАНН, Конституция)

Administrative Procedure Code (АПК: individual, general, and normative administrative acts, administrative and judicial appeals), Administrative Violations and Sanctions Act (ЗАНН), and Bulgarian Constitutional Law.

Thematic conspectus area

Legal Profession & Advocate Ethics (Устройство на адвокатурата и адвокатска етика)

Bar Act (Закон за адвокатурата), Ethical Code of the Bulgarian Advocate, attorney-client privilege, conflicts of interest, disciplinary liability, and Ordinance No. 1 on minimum attorney fees.

How to Pass the Bulgarian Bar Exam Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Each stage is marked "издържал"/"неиздържал". The test is passed with at least 80% correct answers (Art. 12(7)); only candidates who pass the test sit the case paper, and only candidates who pass both written parts are admitted to the oral (Art. 7(3)).
Assessment: Two-stage state qualification examination conducted twice annually (Spring session in May–June and Autumn session in October–November) under Ordinance No. 2. Stage 1 consists of a written MCQ test and written practical case studies in civil/commercial law and criminal law. Candidates who achieve a passing mark in the written stage advance to Stage 2, which is an oral examination before an examination commission appointed by the Supreme Bar Council (ВАдвС).
Time limit: Test: 3 astronomical hours (Art. 12(5)). Case solving: 4 astronomical hours (Art. 13(5)). Oral duration is not published.
Exam fee: 15% of the national minimum monthly wage to the Supreme Bar Council (EUR 93.03 for the 2026 sessions), under Ordinance No. 2, Art. 8(4).

Keys to Passing

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Bulgarian Bar Exam Study Tips from Top Performers

1Focus heavily on the Civil Procedure Code (ГПК) and Criminal Procedure Code (НПК): procedural deadlines, jurisdiction, evidentiary burdens, and appeal admissibility are the most frequently tested areas.

2Know key provisions of the Law on Obligations and Contracts (ЗЗД): invalidity of contracts (Articles 26–34), contractual non-performance (Articles 79–89), clawback/Paulian action (Article 135), and tort liability (Article 45).

3Master the distinction between individual, general, and normative administrative acts under the APK, including standing and mandatory administrative appeal rules before judicial review.

4Review the Bar Act (ЗА) and the Ethical Code of the Advocate: pay special attention to confidentiality rules, prohibited conflict representations, advertising limits, and minimum fee determinations under Ordinance No. 1.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the format of the Bulgarian Bar Examination?

The Bulgarian Bar Exam consists of two stages under Ordinance No. 2 of the Supreme Bar Council: (1) a written examination held over two consecutive days, comprising an objective multiple-choice test covering all major legal branches and practical case studies (казуси) in civil/commercial law and criminal law; and (2) an oral examination for candidates who successfully pass the written stage.

What is the difference between an Advocate and a Junior Advocate in Bulgaria?

Under the Bulgarian Bar Act (Закон за адвокатурата), candidates who pass the Bar examination and have at least 2 years of proven legal practice are admitted as full Advocates (адвокати). Candidates who pass the exam but have less than 2 years of legal experience are admitted as Junior Advocates (младши адвокати) for up to 2 years, during which they may represent clients in district and regional courts under certain statutory guidelines and supervision.

When are the Bar examination sessions held and what are the registration deadlines?

The Supreme Bar Council conducts two regular sessions each year: the Spring session (held between May 10 and June 30, with application deadline of April 15) and the Autumn session (held between October 10 and November 30, with application deadline of September 15).

What legal subjects are tested on the Bulgarian Bar Exam?

The exam is based on the unified thematic conspectus adopted by the Supreme Bar Council, covering Civil Law (Property, Obligations, Family, Inheritance, Commercial Law), Civil Procedure (GPK), Criminal Law (General and Special parts of NK), Criminal Procedure (NPK), Administrative Law and Procedure (APK, ZANN), Constitutional Law, and the Bar Act including the Ethical Code of the Advocate.

Is this practice bank an official translation of the exam?

No. The official examination is administered exclusively in Bulgarian. This 100-question practice bank is an English-language educational MCQ study adaptation designed for self-assessment, conceptual review, and mastering the statutory mechanisms tested by the Supreme Bar Council.