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Advokatski ispit u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH Bar Examination)

Practice Questions100 questions

2026 Statistics

Key Facts: Pravosudni ispit Exam

Core Exam Subjects

Ministarstvo pravde BiH (Zakon o polaganju pravosudnog ispita)

880 KM

Complete Exam Fee

Rješenje Ministra pravde BiH o visini naknade

6 Hours

Statutory Time for the Written Task

Zakon o polaganju pravosudnog ispita u BiH, član 11

2 Years

Required Legal Work Experience

Zakon o polaganju pravosudnog ispita u BiH, član 2

Permanent

Certificate Validity

Ministarstvo pravde Bosne i Hercegovine

Official Languages (BS/HR/SR)

Ustav Bosne i Hercegovine

The BiH State Judicial Examination (Pravosudni ispit) is the mandatory professional legal qualifying examination in Bosnia and Herzegovina, governed by the Law on Taking the Judicial Examination in BiH (Official Gazette of BiH 33/04, 56/08, 62/11) and administered at state level by the Ministry of Justice of BiH. It costs 880 KM and requires a four-year law degree (at least 240 ECTS under Bologna) plus two years of qualifying legal work. The assessment consists of a written judgment-drafting part on two consecutive days — criminal law then civil law, with a statutory six hours for the written task — followed by a public oral examination covering the seven statutory subjects: Criminal Law and Procedure, Civil Law and Procedure, Family Law, Commercial Law, Administrative Law, Labour Law, and the Constitutional System and Organisation of the Judiciary. The official examination is conducted in Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian; this practice bank is a 100-question English-language MCQ study adaptation, not an official translation and not a simulation of the written or oral format.

Sample Pravosudni ispit Practice Questions

Try these sample questions to test your Pravosudni ispit exam readiness. Each question includes a detailed explanation. Start the interactive quiz above for the full 100+ question experience with AI tutoring.

1Article 33 of the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina (KZ BiH) defines the content of guilt (sadržaj krivice). What does it require?

A.That the perpetrator was accountable (uračunljiv) at the time of the offense and acted with intent (umišljaj) — negligence (nehat) suffices only where the law expressly provides for it

B.That the perpetrator acted with premeditation (predumišljaj) and out of a base motive (niske pobude)

C.That the perpetrator was fit to stand trial (procesno sposoban) and confessed to the offense

D.That the perpetrator has a prior conviction and cannot invoke any ground of justification

Explanation: Article 33(1) of KZ BiH provides that guilt (krivica) exists if the perpetrator was accountable at the time of committing the offense and acted with intent. Article 33(2) adds that guilt also exists where the perpetrator acted out of negligence, but only if the law expressly prescribes negligence for that offense. Accountability is therefore a component of guilt, not a separate parallel requirement — the 2010 amendments replaced the older 'krivična odgovornost' terminology with this structure.

2A perpetrator is aware that their action may cause a prohibited statutory consequence, and they explicitly agree / consent to its occurrence (pristaje na posljedicu). Under KZ BiH, which form of guilt does this constitute?

A.Eventual intent (eventualni umišljaj / dolus eventualis)

B.Direct intent (direktni umišljaj / dolus directus)

C.Conscious negligence (svjesni nehaj / luxuria)

D.Unconscious negligence (nesvjesni nehaj / negligentia)

Explanation: Under Article 35 of KZ BiH, which governs intent (umišljaj), an offense is committed with eventual intent (eventualni umišljaj) when the perpetrator is aware that a prohibited consequence may occur as a result of their act or omission and consents to its occurrence (Article 35(3)). Article 35 sits in Chapter VI on guilt, after accountability in Article 34 and before negligence in Article 36.

3Which of the following conditions must be met for an act to be recognized as necessary defense (nužna odbrana) excluding illegality under the Criminal Code of BiH?

A.The defense must be simultaneously directed against an unlawful, imminent or ongoing attack, and proportional to repelling the attack

B.The defender must retreat before using any physical force against the attacker

C.The defense is only permissible if the attack is aimed at personal life, not property

D.The defender must obtain judicial confirmation within 24 hours of the incident

Explanation: Under Article 24 of KZ BiH, necessary defense (nužna odbrana) is that defense which is absolutely necessary to repel a simultaneous, unlawful attack from oneself or another person. An act committed in necessary defense is not a criminal offense.

4Under KZ BiH, if several persons jointly commit a criminal offense by participating in the act of commission or by significantly contributing to the commission of the offense in another way, they are punishable as:

A.Co-perpetrators (saizvršioci)

B.Instigators (podstrekači)

C.Aiders / accessories (pomagači)

D.Concealers (prikrivači)

Explanation: Under Article 29 of KZ BiH, if several persons participate in the commission of a criminal offense by jointly performing the act or by significantly contributing to the commission of the offense in another decisive manner based on a joint decision, each is liable as a co-perpetrator (saizvršilac) within the limits of their intent or negligence.

5What is the statutory general maximum term of imprisonment (kazna zatvora) under the Criminal Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina, excluding long-term imprisonment for the most severe offenses?

A.20 years

B.15 years

C.25 years

D.10 years

Explanation: Under Article 42 of KZ BiH, standard imprisonment cannot be imposed for a term shorter than thirty days nor longer than twenty years. For the gravest forms of criminal offenses committed with intent, long-term imprisonment (dugotrajni zatvor) may be prescribed for a term of 21 to 45 years.

6Under Article 132(1) of the Criminal Procedure Code of BiH (ZKP BiH), which of the following is a mandatory special ground (posebni pritvorski osnov) for ordering pre-trial custody (pritvor)?

A.There is a reasonable fear that the suspect will destroy, conceal, alter, or falsify evidence or clues important to the criminal proceedings, or suborn witnesses or accomplices (collusion risk)

B.The suspect has exercised their statutory right to remain silent during police questioning

C.The victim has requested financial security for damages incurred during the alleged offense

D.The suspect refuses to hire private defense counsel of their own choice

Explanation: Under Article 132(1)(b) of ZKP BiH, pre-trial custody may be ordered if there is grounded suspicion (osnovana sumnja) that a crime was committed AND there is a particular circumstance indicating that the person will destroy, alter, or forge evidence or influence witnesses, accomplices, or concealers (opasnost od koluzije).

7Under Article 10 of the Criminal Procedure Code of BiH (ZKP BiH), what is the legal consequence of evidence obtained through violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution and international treaties?

A.Court decisions cannot be based on such evidence (exclusionary rule / nezakoniti dokazi)

B.The evidence is admitted but assigned lesser evidentiary weight by the trial chamber

C.The evidence is admissible only if corroborated by at least two independent witnesses

D.The prosecutor must pay a monetary procedural fine before introducing the evidence

Explanation: Article 10(1) of ZKP BiH explicitly prohibits obtaining evidence through force, threat, deceit, or other unlawful means, and Article 10(2) establishes that court decisions cannot be grounded on evidence obtained through violations of human rights and freedoms prescribed by the Constitution and international agreements ratified by BiH, nor on evidence derived therefrom (fruit of the poisonous tree).

8In criminal proceedings under ZKP BiH, from what moment must a suspect have defense counsel (obavezna odbrana) if they are mute or deaf, or are suspected of an offense punishable by long-term imprisonment (dugotrajni zatvor)?

A.From the first interrogation (prvo ispitivanje)

B.Only after the indictment has been confirmed by the preliminary hearing judge

C.Only upon the opening of the main trial hearing (glavni pretres)

D.Only when filing an appeal against a verdict of conviction

Explanation: Under ZKP BiH, a suspect must have defense counsel already at the first interrogation if they are mute or deaf, or if they are suspected of a criminal offense for which long-term imprisonment may be imposed. Mandatory defense also attaches immediately once detention (pritvor) is ordered and for the duration of the detention, and again on service of an indictment for an offense punishable by ten years' imprisonment or more.

9When the prosecutor and the defense enter into a guilty plea agreement (sporazum o priznanju krivnje) under Article 231 of ZKP BiH, which of the following is TRUE regarding the court's review?

A.The court must verify that the plea was entered voluntarily, consciously, and with full understanding of the consequences, and that sufficient evidence of guilt exists

B.The court may unilaterally increase the agreed sentence without rejecting the agreement

C.The agreement deprives the injured party (oštećeni) of any right to pursue civil damages in civil litigation

D.The defense attorney cannot be present during the judicial deliberation on the plea agreement

Explanation: Under Article 231(6) of ZKP BiH, the court considers whether the plea was made voluntarily, consciously, and with understanding, whether the defendant was informed of the rights waived (including trial and appeal against sentence), and whether sufficient evidence exists supporting the commission of the offense. If accepted, the court pronounces the agreed sentence.

10Which type of criminal verdict (presuda) must the court render under Article 284 of ZKP BiH if the act for which the defendant is accused does not constitute a criminal offense under the law?

A.Acquittal verdict (presuda kojom se optuženi oslobađa od optužbe)

B.Verdict rejecting the charges (presuda kojom se optužba odbija)

C.Conviction verdict with suspended sentence (uslovna osuda)

D.Procedural ruling terminating proceedings (rješenje o obustavi postupka)

Explanation: Under Article 284(a) of ZKP BiH, the court renders an acquittal verdict (oslobađajuća presuda) if the act for which the accused is charged does not constitute a criminal offense under the law.

About the Pravosudni ispit Exam

The State Judicial Examination (Pravosudni ispit u Bosni i Hercegovini) is the state-level professional qualifying examination in Bosnia and Herzegovina required for appointment to judicial and prosecutorial posts, admission to the bar as an attorney-at-law (advokat), appointment as a notary public, or representation as a state attorney (pravobranilac). It certifies mastery in substantive criminal and civil law, judicial procedure, commercial and administrative law, labor regulations, and constitutional governance.

Assessment

The official examination comprises: 1) Written part — on day 1 the candidate drafts a judgment (presuda) in the criminal-law area and on day 2 in the civil-law area, by solving a practical case, with a statutory entitlement to six hours' working time for the written task (Article 11); 2) Oral part on day 3, questioning across the seven statutory subjects listed in Article 4: Krivično/Kazneno pravo (materijalno i procesno), Građansko pravo (materijalno i procesno), Porodično pravo, Privredno/Gospodarsko pravo, Upravno pravo, Radno pravo, and Ustavni sistem i organizacija pravosuđa. The oral part is public (Article 14) and is held on Ministry of Justice premises.

Time Limit

Written part on two consecutive days with a statutory entitlement to six hours' working time for the written task, followed on day 3 by the public oral examination before the Commission

Passing Score

Pass/fail evaluation ('položio' / 'nije položio') decided by majority vote of the Commission — a president plus four examiners drawn from the list of examiners (Article 6). A candidate who fails at most two subjects may sit a make-up examination in those subjects; failing more than two means the whole examination is failed.

Exam Fee

880 KM (BAM) for the complete examination before the Ministry of Justice of BiH; make-up exam 250 KM, 300 KM, 400 KM, or 440 KM depending on the number of subjects and whether a written task is required (Ministry of Justice of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Ministarstvo pravde BiH))

Pravosudni ispit Exam Content Outline

20%

Kazneno pravo i postupak (Criminal Law & Criminal Procedure)

Substantive Criminal Code of BiH (KZ BiH), elements of criminal offenses, culpability, sanctions, Criminal Procedure Code (ZKP BiH), pre-trial proceedings, indictment, trial evidence, judgments, and legal remedies.

20%

Građansko pravo i postupak (Civil Law & Civil Procedure)

Law of Obligations (ZOO), contracts, damages, Property Law (stvarno pravo), ownership, possession, Civil Procedure Code (ZPP), jurisdiction, trial stages, evidentiary rules, appeals, and Enforcement Procedure (ZIP).

12%

Porodično pravo (Family Law)

Family law legislation, marriage, matrimonial property, parental responsibility, custody, maintenance, Law on Inheritance, statutory succession orders, testamentary dispositions, forced share (nužni dio), and probate proceedings.

14%

Privredno / Gospodarsko pravo (Commercial & Corporate Law)

Company Law (Zakon o privrednim društvima), d.o.o. and d.d./a.d. corporate governance, commercial contracts, bankruptcy and reorganization (stečajni postupak), commercial registry, and negotiable instruments.

12%

Upravno pravo i postupak (Administrative Law & Procedure)

Law on General Administrative Procedure (ZUP BiH), administrative acts, deadlines, appeals, extraordinary remedies, and administrative disputes before the Court of BiH under ZUS BiH.

10%

Radno pravo (Labor Law)

Employment contracts, working conditions, wages, disciplinary measures, termination of employment, employee protection, collective agreements, and labor litigation.

12%

Ustavni sistem BiH i organizacija pravosuđa (Constitutional System & Judiciary)

Dayton Constitution of BiH, state institutions, High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council (VSTV BiH), Court of BiH, Prosecutor's Office of BiH, court organization, judicial independence, and ECHR application.

How to Pass the Pravosudni ispit Exam

What You Need to Know

Passing score: Pass/fail evaluation ('položio' / 'nije položio') decided by majority vote of the Commission — a president plus four examiners drawn from the list of examiners (Article 6). A candidate who fails at most two subjects may sit a make-up examination in those subjects; failing more than two means the whole examination is failed.
Assessment: The official examination comprises: 1) Written part — on day 1 the candidate drafts a judgment (presuda) in the criminal-law area and on day 2 in the civil-law area, by solving a practical case, with a statutory entitlement to six hours' working time for the written task (Article 11); 2) Oral part on day 3, questioning across the seven statutory subjects listed in Article 4: Krivično/Kazneno pravo (materijalno i procesno), Građansko pravo (materijalno i procesno), Porodično pravo, Privredno/Gospodarsko pravo, Upravno pravo, Radno pravo, and Ustavni sistem i organizacija pravosuđa. The oral part is public (Article 14) and is held on Ministry of Justice premises.
Time limit: Written part on two consecutive days with a statutory entitlement to six hours' working time for the written task, followed on day 3 by the public oral examination before the Commission
Exam fee: 880 KM (BAM) for the complete examination before the Ministry of Justice of BiH; make-up exam 250 KM, 300 KM, 400 KM, or 440 KM depending on the number of subjects and whether a written task is required

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Pravosudni ispit Study Tips from Top Performers

1Dedicate significant preparation to practical judgment drafting for both criminal and civil law, focusing on the required statutory components (uvod, izreka/dispozitiv, obrazloženje, pouka o pravnom lijeku).

2Master the distinction between substantive criminal law concepts (KZ BiH) and criminal procedural mechanics (ZKP BiH), particularly search warrants, detention grounds, plea agreements, and admissible evidence.

3Review the Law of Obligations (ZOO) and Civil Procedure Code (ZPP) thoroughly, especially contract formation, breach remedies, damage assessment, active/passive litigation standing, and appellate grounds.

4Ensure a clear understanding of the Dayton Constitution (Annex 4), division of competencies between state and entities, Constitutional Court appellate jurisdiction, and HJPC (VSTV BiH) appointment and disciplinary standards.

5Practice analyzing multi-issue legal scenarios to quickly identify governing statutory provisions, procedural deadlines, and proper judicial remedies.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the official structure of the BiH Judicial Examination (Pravosudni ispit)?

The examination administered by the Ministry of Justice of BiH consists of two parts: a written part in which the candidate drafts a judgment in the criminal-law area on day 1 and in the civil-law area on day 2 (with a statutory entitlement to six hours' working time for the written task), and a public oral examination on day 3 covering the seven subjects listed in Article 4 of the Law: Criminal Law and Procedure, Civil Law and Procedure, Family Law, Commercial Law, Administrative Law, Labour Law, and the Constitutional System and Organisation of the Judiciary.

What are the eligibility requirements to sit the Pravosudni ispit in Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Candidates must hold a four-year law degree from a law faculty in BiH — the pre-Bologna diplomirani pravnik title, the same title acquired in the former SFRY up to 6 April 1992, or a Bologna four-year course worth at least 240 ECTS covering all seven examination subjects — and must have completed at least two years of legal work in BiH in a court, prosecutor's office, state attorney's office (pravobranilaštvo), attorney's or notary's office, administrative body, business company, or other legal entity. Trainees and volunteers may sit the exam on the same conditions. The earlier two-year / four-year split was removed by the 2011 amendment.

What is the fee for taking the State Judicial Examination in BiH?

The Minister of Justice has set the fee for the complete examination before the Ministry of Justice of BiH at 880 KM (BAM). Make-up examination fees are 440 KM for two subjects with a written task, 400 KM for two subjects without a written task, 300 KM for one subject with a written task, and 250 KM for one subject without a written task.

Can the Pravosudni ispit be taken at entity level, and is it valid across BiH?

Yes. Under Article 9 of the Law, the candidate submits the application to a Ministry of Justice of their own choice — the state Ministry of Justice of BiH, the Federal Ministry of Justice, or the Ministry of Justice of Republika Srpska. Regardless of where it is sat, the passed judicial examination is valid throughout the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fees and make-up rules differ by level; the figures on this page are those set by the state Ministry of Justice of BiH.

In what language is the official Pravosudni ispit conducted?

The official examination is conducted in the official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian). This practice bank provides 100 English-language MCQ study questions adapted from the official syllabus while preserving authentic legal terminology.