Free Pakistan Army Medical Cadet Route Exam Flashcards

NUMS. PM&DC's Admissions Regulations 2025 make the National University of Medical Sciences the admitting university for all Armed Forces-administered medical and dental colleges, and state the NUMS test counts only for those colleges.

Medical Cadets only. The NUMS MDCAT-2026 notice lists Army Medical College as a constituent medical college 'For Medical Cadets Only', so the MBBS seats there are reached through Pakistan Army selection, not civilian open merit.

A two-day activity. Pakistan Army's published interview notice states candidates appear in an intelligence/personality test on the first day and are interviewed by the GHQ Selection Board on the second.

Its question count, subject list, time limit, topic weights, passing score and negative-marking rule. Subject splits and cut-offs quoted by coaching sites are unofficial and must not be treated as an Army blueprint.

The official portal advertises more than one medical entry, including a Medical Cadet entry into Army-administered medical colleges and a separate M Cadet entry, each with its own eligibility window. Applying against the wrong course page wastes the cycle.

Sunday, 23 August 2026 at 10:00 AM PST at local centres, in a paper-based one-best-answer MCQ format: 200 MCQs total, made up of Paper-I (150) and Paper-II (50).

Biology 37% (55 MCQs), Chemistry 26.5% (40), Physics 26.5% (40), English 10% (15) - 150 MCQs in 2 hours 45 minutes. Biology alone is worth more than Physics and English combined.

A psychological test of 50 MCQs in 15 minutes, listed at 5% weightage. NUMS publishes no content syllabus for it, so it cannot be revised like a subject paper - the pacing is the main thing to expect.

The national MDCAT is 180 MCQs in 3 hours (Biology 45%, Chemistry 25%, Physics 20%, English 5%, Logical Reasoning 5%) with no negative marking. NUMS uses 150 subject MCQs plus a psychological paper, and its syllabus marks Logical Reasoning as national-MDCAT only.

55%. Army Medical College's admission criteria and PM&DC's 2025 MDCAT curriculum both state it. Clearing 55% only makes you eligible - places are awarded competitively on merit.

MDCAT 50%, FSc (Pre-Medical)/HSSC or equivalent 40%, SSC/Matriculation 10%. Half of your merit is already fixed by school results before you sit the entry test.

Reach the centre three hours early; centres seal half an hour before the start. Bring the printed admit card, original matriculation certificate with photograph and original CNIC/Juvenile Card, a clean clipboard and two blue or black ball points. Pencils, gel pens, markers, mobile phones and smart watches are barred.

By structure, by the number of nucleic-acid strands, by host and by the disease produced. Viruses are acellular and replicate only inside a host cell, which is why they sit outside the standard cell-based classification.

The light-dependent phase runs in the thylakoid membranes, splitting water and producing ATP, NADPH and oxygen. The light-independent (Calvin) phase runs in the stroma and uses that ATP and NADPH to fix carbon dioxide into sugar.

Its polarity makes it an excellent solvent for ions and polar molecules, and its high specific heat capacity lets organisms absorb heat with only a small temperature change. Cohesion also supports water columns in xylem.

Rough ER carries ribosomes and processes proteins destined for secretion or membranes. Smooth ER has no ribosomes and handles lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification and calcium storage.

A competitive inhibitor resembles the substrate and binds the active site, so more substrate can overcome it. A non-competitive inhibitor binds elsewhere and changes the active site's shape, so extra substrate does not restore activity.

Negative feedback reverses a change and restores the set point, as in blood glucose control - it is the usual homeostatic pattern. Positive feedback amplifies the change until an end point, as in labour contractions.

Diploblastic animals such as cnidarians develop from two germ layers, ectoderm and endoderm. Triploblastic animals add mesoderm, which is what allows true muscle, and organ systems built from it.

Natural selection acts on variation that already exists in a population, so individuals with favourable heritable traits leave more offspring. Lamarck's version claimed traits gained during a lifetime pass on, which the genetic evidence does not support.

Xylem carries water and dissolved minerals upward in dead, hollow elements, pulled by transpiration. Phloem carries dissolved sugars from source to sink in living sieve tubes, in either direction, by active translocation.

No membrane-bound nucleus or organelles - the DNA is a circular chromosome in the cytoplasm, and ribosomes are 70S. Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, which is the target of penicillin and the basis of Gram staining.

Mitosis gives two genetically identical diploid cells for growth and repair. Meiosis halves the chromosome number over two divisions, giving four genetically varied haploid gametes, with variation from crossing over and independent assortment.

Myosin heads bind actin and pull the thin filaments toward the sarcomere centre, so the sarcomere shortens while the filaments themselves keep their length. Calcium exposes the binding sites and ATP releases the cross-bridge.

A 3:1 phenotypic ratio and a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio. A test cross against a homozygous recessive is what reveals whether a dominant-looking individual is homozygous or heterozygous.

Males have one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele is expressed with no second copy to mask it. Females need the allele on both X chromosomes; with one they are carriers. Haemophilia and red-green colour blindness follow this pattern.

The reactant that runs out first and therefore fixes the maximum product. Identify it by converting each reactant to moles and comparing against the balanced equation's mole ratios - not by comparing masses.

Aufbau: fill the lowest-energy orbitals first. Pauli: no two electrons share all four quantum numbers, so an orbital holds two electrons of opposite spin. Hund: fill degenerate orbitals singly with parallel spins before pairing.

At high pressure and low temperature, where molecules are close enough that their own volume and intermolecular attractions matter. Ideal-gas assumptions of negligible volume and no attraction hold best at low pressure and high temperature.

A system at equilibrium shifts to oppose the change imposed. Raising the pressure shifts the position toward the side with fewer gas moles; if both sides have equal moles of gas, pressure has no effect on the position.

It provides an alternative pathway with lower activation energy, so a larger fraction of collisions is effective. It does not change the enthalpy change or the equilibrium position - only how fast equilibrium is reached.

Exothermic reactions release heat and have a negative enthalpy change; endothermic reactions absorb heat and have a positive one. Hess's law lets you add enthalpy changes along any route because enthalpy is a state function.

The one where oxidation occurs, and in a galvanic cell it is the negative electrode. Oxidation is always at the anode in both cell types; only the electrode's sign flips in an electrolytic cell, where it is positive.

A sigma bond forms by head-on orbital overlap and allows rotation; a pi bond forms by sideways overlap of p orbitals and locks rotation. A double bond is one sigma plus one pi, and the pi bond is the weaker, more reactive part.

Alkanes are saturated and undergo free-radical substitution, as with chlorine in light. Alkenes have a pi bond with accessible electrons and undergo electrophilic addition, which is why bromine water is decolourised by an alkene.

Aldehydes have the carbonyl at the chain end with a hydrogen attached, so they are easily oxidised: Tollens' reagent gives a silver mirror and Fehling's gives a red precipitate. Ketones have the carbonyl mid-chain and give neither.

They are independent. Horizontal velocity stays constant with no air resistance, while vertical motion accelerates at g. Time of flight comes from the vertical motion, and range is horizontal velocity multiplied by that time.

The net work done on a body equals its change in kinetic energy. It follows that a body moving at constant speed in a circle has zero net work done on it, because its kinetic energy never changes.

It points toward the centre of the circle and equals mv^2/r, or m x omega^2 x r. It is supplied by a real force such as tension, friction or gravity - it is not an extra force added to the free-body diagram.

A driving force applied at the system's natural frequency transfers energy most efficiently, so amplitude grows sharply. In a stationary wave, nodes stay at zero displacement and antinodes vibrate with maximum amplitude.

The heat added to a system equals the increase in internal energy plus the work done by the system. In an isothermal change internal energy is constant, so all heat added is converted to work; in an adiabatic change no heat flows.

Force between two point charges falls off as 1/r^2, and so does the field of a point charge. Electric potential falls off more slowly, as 1/r. Doubling the separation quarters the force but only halves the potential.

In series, resistances add and the current is the same through each. In parallel, the reciprocals add, so total resistance is less than the smallest branch, and each branch carries the same voltage.

F = BIL sin(theta), where theta is the angle between the current and the field. The force is greatest when they are perpendicular and zero when the conductor lies along the field.

Faraday's law gives the size of the induced emf from the rate of change of flux; Lenz's law fixes its direction - the induced current always opposes the change producing it. That opposition is why energy is conserved.

The time for half the undecayed nuclei to decay. It is constant regardless of the starting amount, so after n half-lives the fraction remaining is (1/2)^n - three half-lives leave one-eighth.

The verb agrees with the true subject, not the nearest noun: 'The box of samples is heavy.' With 'neither ... nor' and 'either ... or', the verb matches the nearer subject.

A complete sentence needs a subject and a finite verb and must express a full thought. 'Because the reagent was contaminated.' is a fragment - a subordinate clause left on its own without a main clause.

'If + past simple, would + base verb' describes an unreal or unlikely present situation: 'If I had more time, I would revise Biology first.' The past tense marks unreality, not past time.

Use an apostrophe for possession ('the student's result', 'the students' results' for plurals) but never for a plain plural. Use commas to separate items in a series, and a semicolon to join two closely related independent clauses.