Free LEED AP BD+C Exam Flashcards

Worth up to 1 point. Requires an analysis of energy AND water systems early in design (pre-schematic) before completing schematic design. Must document at least 2 energy-related and 2 water-related strategies that were informed by the analysis. Goal: discover synergies between systems before they are locked in.

An intensive, collaborative workshop bringing together all project stakeholders (owner, architect, MEP, contractor, civil, landscape, occupants) early in design to align goals, set LEED targets, and identify synergies. Foundation of the integrative process — held during the Discovery phase, before schematic design.

A written document defining the owner's goals, expectations, and success criteria for the project (energy targets, comfort, sustainability, budget). Required for EA Prereq Fundamental Commissioning. The Basis of Design (BOD) is the design team's response to the OPR. Both are living documents updated through design.

Discovery (pre-schematic): research, analysis, charrettes, goal-setting — establishes the integrative process foundation. Implementation (schematic through CDs): execute and document the strategies identified in Discovery. The IP credit is earned through documentation of work done in Discovery.

Up to 16 points (most of any LT credit, and the highest single credit in BD+C). Awarded if the project is located within a LEED ND-certified plan or built project. Earning this credit makes the project ineligible for the other LT credits (SS Site Assessment still applies) — it is mutually exclusive.

1-2 points. Locate development on land previously developed (Option 1) OR avoid five sensitive land types: prime farmland (USDA), floodplains (100-year FEMA), habitat for threatened/endangered species (ESA), water bodies, and wetlands (Option 2). Buffers required: 50 ft from water bodies, 100 ft from wetlands.

Up to 5 points. Two options: (1) Surrounding Density — minimum 22,000 sf/acre combined density within 1/4-mile radius. (2) Diverse Uses — locate within 1/2-mile walking distance of 4+ diverse uses (8+ for full points) from categories like food retail, services, civic, community-serving retail.

Up to 5 points. Locate functional entry within 1/4-mile walking distance of bus/streetcar/rideshare stops OR 1/2-mile walking distance of bus rapid transit/light rail/commuter rail/ferry stops. Minimum weekday trips: 72 for 1 pt, 144+ for higher points. Service must be available both directions on weekdays AND weekends.

1 point. Provide a bicycle network (continuous, within 200 yards) connecting to 10+ diverse uses, school/employment, or transit. Provide bicycle storage: short-term (2.5% peak visitors, min 4) within 100 ft of main entry, long-term (5% regular occupants, min 4) within 100 ft of any entry. Plus shower/changing rooms (1 per first 100 FTE).

1 point. Designate 5% of all parking spaces as preferred parking for green vehicles (with green vehicle signage). PLUS install EV charging infrastructure for 2% of total spaces (either Level 2 charging OR EV-ready conduit/wiring/panel capacity in v4.1).

Required for all BD+C projects. Create and implement an Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) plan conforming to the 2012 EPA Construction General Permit (CGP) OR local equivalent if more stringent. Plan must address soil erosion, waterway sedimentation, and airborne dust from construction activities.

1 point. Conduct and document a pre-design site survey of seven characteristics: topography, hydrology, climate, vegetation, soils, human use, and human health effects. Findings must demonstrably inform design decisions (cited in project narrative). Often pursued in tandem with the IP credit.

1 point. Provide outdoor space ≥30% of total site area; at least 25% of that open space must be vegetated (turf does not count alone — must include shrubs/trees/native plantings). The space must be physically accessible and encourage social interaction (paths, seating, recreation, urban food gardens all qualify).

Up to 3 points. Manage on site the runoff volume from a percentile storm event using LID/green infrastructure: 1 pt for 95th percentile, 2 pts for 98th percentile, 3 pts for 85th percentile in zero-lot-line projects. Replicate natural site hydrology — infiltration, evapotranspiration, harvesting/reuse all count.

Up to 2 points. For non-roof surfaces, use materials with SR ≥0.33 (3-yr aged) OR provide shade. For roofs: low-sloped (≤2:12) SRI ≥82 initial / 64 aged; steep-sloped (>2:12) SRI ≥39 initial / 32 aged. Alternative: install vegetated roof or high-efficiency PV. Combined area must meet a weighted equation.

1 point. Meet uplight AND light trespass requirements: BUG ratings (Backlight-Uplight-Glare) per IES TM-15-11 based on lighting zone (LZ0-LZ4). Internally illuminated exterior signage must be ≤200 cd/m² nighttime / ≤2,000 cd/m² daytime. Curfew shutoff or dimming required after business hours.

Required. Reduce outdoor water use by ≥30% from the calculated baseline using the EPA WaterSense Water Budget Tool (or landscape designed with no permanent irrigation after 2-year establishment). Baseline assumes conventional landscape with high-water-use turf. Focus on native/adapted plants, efficient irrigation, and reduced turf areas.

Required. Reduce indoor water use by ≥20% from baseline (EPAct 1992 fixture flow rates). All newly installed plumbing fixtures must be WaterSense-labeled (where available). Baseline includes water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showerheads, and kitchen faucets calculated per Reference Guide formulas.

Required. Install permanent water meters measuring total potable water use for the building AND grounds. Commit to sharing 5 years of monthly water use data with USGBC starting from date of occupancy (or until building changes ownership/lessee). Data feeds into USGBC's benchmarking research.

Up to 6 points. Beyond the 20% prereq: 25% (1 pt), 30% (2 pts), 35% (3 pts), 40% (4 pts), 45% (5 pts), 50% (6 pts). In v4.1, appliance/process water (dishwashers, clothes washers, ice machines) is folded into the calc with ENERGY STAR-equivalent baselines. Strategy: ultra-low-flow fixtures + dual-flush WCs + waterless urinals.

1-2 points. Conduct one-time potable water analysis measuring 5 control parameters (Ca, total alkalinity, SiO2, Cl, conductivity). Calculate the maximum cycles of concentration without exceeding limits or requiring chemicals beyond corrosion inhibitors. 1 pt for ≥10 cycles, 2 pts for ≥10 cycles + 20%+ non-potable makeup water.

Required. Designate a Commissioning Authority (CxA) with documented experience on ≥2 projects, hired by the owner. CxA reviews OPR/BOD, develops Cx plan, verifies installation/performance of energy, water, IEQ, and renewable systems. CxA must be independent of design team for projects >20,000 sf (can be design team for smaller).

Required. Demonstrate ≥5% better energy cost performance vs. ASHRAE 90.1-2016 baseline using whole-building energy simulation (Appendix G), OR comply with ASHRAE 90.1-2016 prescriptive requirements (Sections 5-10). Healthcare/labs may use Advanced Energy Design Guide. The simulation path is required for EA Credit Optimize Energy Performance.

Required. Install whole-building energy meters capable of tracking total building energy use (electricity, gas, chilled water, steam, etc.) AND commit to sharing 5 years of monthly energy/demand data with USGBC. Meters can be utility-owned or building-owned but must aggregate to whole-building consumption.

Required. Do not use chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerants in new HVAC&R systems. Existing CFC equipment that is reused must have a phase-out plan completed before project completion. Small HVAC units (<0.5 lb refrigerant) are exempt. CFCs damage stratospheric ozone — fully banned under Montreal Protocol.

Up to 18 points (highest single credit in BD+C). Beyond the 5% prereq: 6% saves 1 pt, scaling up to 50% energy cost savings (18 pts) vs. ASHRAE 90.1-2016 baseline. Must use whole-building energy simulation (Appendix G) — prescriptive path is NOT eligible for points. New Construction baseline; Core & Shell uses adjusted occupancy assumptions.

Up to 6 points. Option 1 Enhanced Cx (3 pts): CxA reviews submittals, develops systems manual, verifies training, conducts seasonal testing within 10 months. Option 2 Envelope Cx (+2 pts): commission building envelope per NIBS Guideline 3 — thermal performance, airtightness, moisture control. Option 3 Monitoring-Based Cx (+1 pt): ongoing performance verification systems.

1 point. Install advanced energy meters for: (1) all whole-building energy sources used by the building, AND (2) any individual end-use representing ≥10% of annual consumption. Meters must record at intervals ≤1 hour, store ≥36 months of data, and be remotely accessible. Goal: enable building operators to identify and act on energy waste.

Up to 2 points (renamed Grid Harmonization in v4.1). Case 1: DR program exists — enroll for ≥10% of estimated peak demand for 1 year with automated DR controls (2 pts). Case 2: No DR program — develop infrastructure (internal load shed, automated controls, contact local utility) and commit to enrolling within 1 year of program availability (1 pt).

Up to 5 points in v4.1 (consolidated credit). Combine on-site renewable energy production AND off-site procurement (Green-e certified RECs, PPAs, community solar). Tiered by % of total annual energy: 5% (1 pt), 10% (2 pts), 20% (3 pts), 40% (4 pts), 60%+ (5 pts). On-site renewables are weighted more heavily than purchased RECs.

1 point. Option 1: Do not use refrigerants. Option 2: Select refrigerants that minimize combined contribution to ozone depletion (ODP) and global warming (GWP-100). Use Reference Guide formula: LCGWP + LCODP × 10⁵ ≤ 100 for HVAC&R, ≤ 13 for refrigeration. Natural refrigerants (CO₂, NH₃, propane) typically score best.

Required. Provide dedicated, easily accessible areas to collect and store the following five materials for recycling: mixed paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics, and metals. Plus separate collection for two additional types: batteries, mercury-containing lamps, and electronic waste. Must remain available for entire occupancy.

Required. Develop and implement a C&D waste management plan that: identifies materials targeted for diversion, estimates final waste percentages, and specifies whether materials will be separated on-site or comingled. Plan does NOT specify a minimum diversion rate — that is the related credit. Final report (haul-off receipts) is documentation.

Up to 5 points (v4.1). Four options: (1) Historic Building Reuse, (2) Renovation of Abandoned/Blighted Building, (3) Building & Material Reuse (reuse ≥25-75% of existing structure/envelope), (4) Whole-Building Life-Cycle Assessment showing ≥10% reduction in GWP plus ≥10% in 2 of 5 other impact categories vs. baseline.

Up to 2 points (Building Product Disclosure and Optimization). Option 1: Use ≥20 different permanently installed products from ≥5 manufacturers with EPDs (Type III, third-party verified = 1 whole product; industry-wide = 0.5; product-specific Type III = 1.5 in v4.1). Option 2: Embodied carbon optimization — use products with reduced LCA impacts.

Up to 2 points. Option 1 (1 pt): use ≥20 different products from ≥5 manufacturers with extraction/sourcing reports (CSR, self-declared raw material reports). Option 2 (1 pt): ≥25% (by cost) of permanently installed products meet responsible extraction criteria: recycled content, FSC-certified wood, salvaged/reused, bio-based (USDA), or extended producer responsibility.

Up to 2 points. Option 1 (1 pt): use ≥20 products from ≥5 manufacturers with ingredient inventory (HPD, Declare, C2C, manufacturer inventory at 0.1%/1,000 ppm). Option 2 (1 pt): material ingredient optimization — products with verified avoidance of GreenScreen LT-1/LT-P1 hazards, REACH SVHCs, or Cradle-to-Cradle v3 Silver+ ingredient assessment.

Up to 2 points. Option 1: Divert ≥50% (1 pt) or ≥75% (2 pts) of total C&D waste from disposal, and identify at least 3 (1 pt) or 4 (2 pts) material streams. Excavation soil and land-clearing debris do NOT count toward calculations. Option 2: Generate ≤12.2 lbs of waste per sf of floor area (2 pts) — a stretch target.

Required. Meet ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2016 Sections 4-7 (Ventilation Rate Procedure OR IAQ Procedure) for mechanically ventilated spaces. Naturally ventilated spaces follow CIBSE AM10 or ASHRAE 62.1 natural-vent paragraph. Monitor outdoor airflow at AHU with alarms ±15% setpoint. ETS prohibited inside building and within 25 ft of openings.

Required. Prohibit smoking inside the building. Prohibit outdoor smoking within 25 ft of all entries, operable windows, and outdoor air intakes. Post signage. Residential projects: seal residential units to prevent smoke transfer (weatherstrip doors, seal penetrations) AND meet outdoor distance rule, OR designate the entire building no-smoking.

Up to 2 points. Choose from menu: entryway walk-off systems (≥10 ft, both interior+exterior), separately ventilated/negatively pressurized areas for hazardous chemicals/copiers, MERV 13 filtration (or higher) on outdoor and recirculated air, CO₂ monitoring in densely occupied spaces, increased ventilation (+30% above ASHRAE 62.1 minimum).

Up to 3 points. Limit VOC emissions from 7 product categories: interior paints/coatings, adhesives/sealants, flooring, composite wood, ceilings/walls/insulation, furniture, and exterior applied products (for naturally ventilated). Compliance: CDPH Standard Method v1.2 (CA 01350) chamber testing for emissions, plus CARB/EPA TSCA Title VI for composite wood formaldehyde.

1 point. During construction, meet/exceed SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings (2007). Five control measures: HVAC protection (cap ductwork, no permanently installed equipment runs during construction unless filters installed), source control, pathway interruption, housekeeping, scheduling. Document with photos. No smoking inside building or within 25 ft.

Up to 2 points. Option 1 Flush-Out (1 pt): pre-occupancy, deliver 14,000 cf outdoor air per sf at internal temp ≥60°F / RH ≤60% (or partial flush + occupancy with 3,500 cf/sf before occupancy + completion within 30 days). Option 2 Air Testing (2 pts): post-construction lab testing of formaldehyde, TVOC, CO, PM10, PM2.5, ozone, and target VOCs vs. CDPH limits.

1 point. Design HVAC system AND envelope to meet ASHRAE 55-2017 thermal comfort criteria (PMV/PPD model OR adaptive model for naturally ventilated). Provide individual thermal controls for ≥50% of individual occupant spaces and ALL shared multi-occupant spaces (group/classroom). Conduct occupant comfort survey within 6-18 months of occupancy with action plan if >20% dissatisfied.

Up to 2 points. Option 1 Lighting Control (1 pt): provide individual lighting controls (≥3 levels including on/off) for ≥90% of individual occupant spaces, plus multi-zone controls for ≥90% of shared spaces. Option 2 Lighting Quality (1 pt): meet 4 of 8 strategies including indirect lighting, luminaire shielding, light reflectance values (ceiling ≥85%, walls ≥60%), CRI ≥80, or IES TM-30 Rf ≥78/Rg ≥98.

Up to 3 points. Three options. Option 1 Simulation (2-3 pts): demonstrate spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA 300/50%) for 55%/75%/90% of regularly occupied floor area AND Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE 1000/250) ≤10%. Option 2 Calculation (1-2 pts): illuminance levels of 300-3000 lux. Option 3 Measurement (2-3 pts): post-occupancy measurements between 9 am-3 pm in clear-sky September.

1 point (2 pts in Schools/Healthcare). Address four elements: (1) HVAC background noise ≤40 dBA in classrooms / 35 dBA core learning / 45 dBA in offices; (2) Sound transmission STC ratings per occupancy type; (3) Reverberation time per ANSI S12.60-2010 (classrooms) or NIH (healthcare); (4) Sound reinforcement & masking systems where applicable.

Up to 6 points total. Innovation (up to 5 pts): pilot credits from LEED Pilot Credit Library, exemplary performance (exceed credit threshold by next tier), or innovative strategies not addressed elsewhere with clear environmental/social benefit. PLUS LEED AP (1 pt): at least one principal participant of the project team is a LEED AP with the BD+C specialty.

Up to 4 points. Earn up to 4 of the 6 Regional Priority credits designated by USGBC for the project's geographic location (zip-code-based). Each RP credit is a standard LEED credit (selected for regional importance like rainwater management in arid zones, heat island in hot climates) that earns DOUBLE points — once as the original credit, once as the RP bonus.