Free DipABLM Exam Flashcards

Lifestyle interventions are evidence-based treatment, often used alongside medicines. Review the condition, monitor response and adjust drugs only through an appropriate clinical decision; lifestyle medicine does not mean automatic medication withdrawal.

Restorative sleep and positive social connection. Assessing all six pillars also includes stress management and avoidance of risky substances, even when the initial action plan focuses elsewhere.

Ask an open, nonjudgmental question such as, “When might a short walk fit more easily into your day?” This elicits the patient’s ideas instead of arguing or prescribing a solution first.

A reflection states the clinician’s understanding of what the patient means or feels, allowing correction and deeper discussion; a question asks for new information.

Explore the patient’s perspective and offer information with permission. A quit plan is better matched to preparation, while a person not considering change first needs engagement and awareness.

Highlight that specific success, ask what made it possible, and use it to set the next achievable step. Repeated mastery experiences strengthen confidence.

Treat the interruption as a temporary setback: identify the barrier, agree on a realistic restart cue and smaller first step, then review progress without blame.

Brief measures of eating pattern, activity, sleep, stress, substance use and social connection provide a baseline and reveal priorities for follow-up.

Agree on one specific, measurable behavior the patient values, its context and frequency, a start date, anticipated barriers and a follow-up method.

Improved intake or activity can lower glucose and raise hypoglycemia risk with these medicines. Monitor glucose and coordinate dose adjustments with the prescribing clinician rather than stopping treatment automatically.

A small change in care delivery: plan it, try it, measure what happened, and adapt the workflow before wider use. It is quality improvement, not proof of patient-level efficacy.

A clinician who maintains sustainable habits and limits burnout can model credible behavior and listen more effectively, while keeping the patient’s goals and circumstances central.

The built environment affects whether activity is feasible. Clinicians can connect patients with local resources and advocate for safer, more accessible opportunities to be active.

Long-term food pattern, portions, beverages, access and context drive exposure and reveal practical targets; one meal cannot represent habitual intake.

It emphasizes vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, nuts and seeds as much of the eating pattern. It does not by itself require a strictly vegan diet; prescriptions should fit clinical needs and preferences.

It can increase fiber and plant nutrients while reducing processed meat and often saturated fat or sodium. The health effect depends on the full meal and usual pattern, not a single “superfood.”

Whole grains retain more fiber and grain components, improving diet quality and often satiety. Check the ingredient list because a brown color alone does not establish whole-grain content.

Their soluble fiber can help lower LDL cholesterol as part of an overall heart-healthy pattern; it complements, but does not automatically replace, indicated lipid-lowering treatment.

Replace sources of saturated fat with unsaturated-fat sources such as nuts, seeds or non-tropical plant oils; substitution matters because adding calories without replacing foods may not help.

DASH emphasizes vegetables, fruit, whole grains and other nutrient-rich foods while limiting sodium; the lower-sodium version can reduce blood pressure further.

Both emphasize abundant plant foods, whole grains and healthier fat sources while limiting less-healthy choices. DASH explicitly targets blood pressure and sodium; Mediterranean patterns commonly feature olive oil, legumes and fish.

Vitamin B12 from fortified foods or a supplement, with intake assessed and monitored when indicated. Unfortified plant foods are not reliable B12 sources.

Compare sodium per comparable serving and the actual portion eaten, then review the ingredient list. A “healthy” marketing claim does not replace the Nutrition Facts values.

Processing level can flag concern, but nutrient profile, ingredients, portion and overall pattern still matter; useful fortified or minimally processed foods should not be dismissed by a label alone.

A structured program paired a goal of 7% body-weight loss with at least 150 minutes of weekly activity; the original trial found about 58% lower type 2 diabetes incidence versus placebo in high-risk adults. It was a combined intervention.

Refer when a patient needs individualized medical nutrition therapy, such as complex kidney disease, nutrient deficiency, disordered eating concerns or a highly restricted diet beyond the clinician’s expertise.

Aim for 150–300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, or 75–150 minutes vigorous activity, plus muscle-strengthening on at least two days weekly; adapt to ability and clinical context.

It supports muscle strength, function and metabolic health and complements aerobic activity; specify major muscle groups and a feasible progression rather than aerobic minutes alone.

At moderate intensity, a person can talk but not sing comfortably; at vigorous intensity, speaking more than a few words without pausing becomes difficult.

Frequency, intensity, time and type. Writing all four makes the prescription more actionable than “exercise more.”

Multicomponent activity including balance can support mobility and reduce fall risk; select safe tasks for the person’s function and limitations.

Start with achievable short bouts, reduce sedentary time and increase gradually. Some activity is better than none, and the eventual target is not a prerequisite for benefit.

Stop the activity and assess urgently for possible cardiac ischemia; activate emergency care if symptoms persist or are concerning. Do not advance the exercise prescription until clinically evaluated.

A screening tool flags possible symptoms; a clinician must assess duration, impairment, context, other causes and safety before diagnosing and planning treatment.

Mindfulness trains nonjudgmental awareness of present experience; it does not require suppressing thoughts or replacing indicated mental-health care.

Identify the all-or-nothing thought, examine evidence and formulate a more accurate alternative, such as resuming with a short walk tomorrow.

Stress exposure can shape health and behavior; trauma-informed, permission-based questions support safety and appropriate referral without forcing disclosure.

Refer when symptoms are severe, persistent, impair functioning, or raise safety concerns; relaxation practice alone is not an adequate substitute for needed assessment or treatment.

Most adults in this age range need at least seven hours per night, while sleep quality and daytime functioning also matter. Individual needs and other age groups differ.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), including behavioral and cognitive components, is first-line; sleep hygiene advice alone is usually insufficient.

Habitual loud snoring, witnessed pauses or gasping during sleep, and daytime sleepiness suggest apnea and warrant evaluation or sleep-study referral when appropriate.

A consistent wake time and daytime light exposure help anchor the circadian rhythm; tailor timing to the patient and assess shift work or other sleep disorders.

Ask about use, Advise quitting, Assess readiness, Assist with a plan or treatment, and Arrange follow-up. The steps should be delivered respectfully, not as a one-time lecture.

Behavioral counseling plus an evidence-based medication such as nicotine replacement, varenicline or bupropion when appropriate; match treatment to contraindications and patient preference.

USPSTF finds evidence insufficient to judge their benefits and harms for cessation and recommends directing patients to interventions with established effectiveness and safety.

Assess amount, pattern, harms and diagnostic criteria with a validated tool and nonjudgmental interview, then offer brief intervention or specialist treatment according to severity.

Ask whether the patient has people they can rely on and whether they feel lonely. Social contact count and the subjective feeling of connection are related but distinct.

It can provide belonging, accountability and positive social contact while increasing activity, if the group is accessible and comfortable for the patient.

Eudaimonia centers on meaning, purpose and valued contribution; hedonia centers on pleasurable feelings. Both can matter, but a pleasant moment alone does not establish a sustained sense of purpose.

Briefly note specific things that went well or people for whom they feel grateful, then assess whether it improves engagement or mood. It is an adjunct, not a substitute for care when illness is present.