Zambia School Certificate / GCE — History (2167)

In the Forms 1–4 History syllabus, which example is a primary source for studying a pre-colonial Central African kingdom?

• AA twenty-first-century textbook chapter summarising the kingdom
• BA modern tourist brochure describing a heritage site
• CA revision pamphlet written for ECZ candidates
• DAn oral tradition, praise poem, or archaeological object produced in that society

When historians write CE or AD after a year, what does that dating convention mean?

• AYears are counted backwards from the birth of Christ or the Common Era start point
• BThe date is always an estimate and cannot be placed on a timeline
• CThe date refers only to archaeological layers, not to calendar years
• DYears are counted forwards from the birth of Christ or the Common Era start point

Zambia became independent in 1964. In which century did that event fall?

• AThe nineteenth century
• BThe eighteenth century
• CThe twentieth century
• DThe twenty-first century

The ordinary-level syllabus asks learners to contrast religious and scientific views of the origin of humankind. Which pairing is accurate?

• AChristian and Islamic creation accounts versus evolutionary explanations associated with…
• BOnly Islamic accounts versus only Zambian oral tradition
• CStone Age tool types versus Iron Age furnaces, treated as origin theories
• DThe League of Nations Covenant versus the United Nations Charter

Which economic pattern best characterises Stone Age communities in the Central African interior before widespread farming?

• APlantation sugar production for Atlantic markets
• BDeep-level industrial copper mining with rail export
• CWage labour on settler farms under a hut tax
• DHunting, gathering and the use of chipped or ground stone tools

Which change is most closely associated with the beginning and spread of iron-working and farming in Central Africa?

• ACommunities immediately abandoned all hunting
• BCommunities stopped using copper, salt or cloth in exchange
• CCommunities could clear woodland more effectively, cultivate staples and produce stronger…
• DCommunities adopted steam engines for ploughing

Who were the Bantu-speaking peoples in the ordinary-level Central African topic?

• ADutch settlers who founded the Cape refreshment station
• BArab shipowners based only on the Red Sea
• CA large language family of farming and, later, iron-using communities whose expansions re…
• DBritish South Africa Company policemen recruited in London

Before later Bantu-speaking farming communities became dominant in much of present-day Zambia, which earlier inhabitants are commonly discussed in the syllabus?

• AVoortrekker republics from the Highveld
• BGerman Schutztruppe garrisons
• CSan and Twa hunter-gatherer communities
• DIndian indentured plantation workers

Which group is the best example of a decentralised society in pre-colonial Zambia as treated in senior History?

• AThe Lunda empire of Mwata Yamvo
• BThe Lozi kingdom of the upper Zambezi floodplain after it developed a central Litunga
• CThe Tonga of southern Zambia, organised in neighbourhoods and clans rather than a single…
• DThe Bemba polity headed by the Chitimukulu

Many later Zambian centralised polities, including Bemba and eastern Lunda/Kazembe groups, trace political origins to which wider Central African complex?

• AThe Sokoto Caliphate of northern Nigeria
• BThe Luba–Lunda political world of the southern Congo basin
• CThe Asante Confederacy of the Gold Coast
• DThe Ethiopian Solomonic court at Gondar

What is the title of the Bemba paramount ruler?

• ALitunga
• BMwata Kazembe
• CChitimukulu
• DInkosi yamakhosi

What is the title of the Lozi king of the upper Zambezi floodplain?

• AChitimukulu
• BKabaka
• CAsantehene
• DLitunga

Where was the eastern Lunda kingdom of Mwata Kazembe centred?

• AOn the Cape Peninsula
• BIn the Ethiopian highlands
• COn the lower Luapula valley in northern Zambia
• DOn the Niger Delta

What happened to the Lozi kingdom during the mid-nineteenth century Kololo episode?

• ASebetwane’s Kololo, a Sotho-speaking group displaced during the Mfecane, conquered the fl…
• BThe Lozi permanently abandoned the Zambezi and settled at the Cape
• CThe British South Africa Company created the Kololo as a Native Authority in 1924
• DThe Kololo were a Portuguese trading house based at Sofala

How did Ngoni groups associated with Zwangendaba and later Mpezeni enter the eastern Zambian story?

• AAs Dutch-speaking trekboers from the Cape interior
• BAs Swahili merchant houses from Kilwa
• CAs an Nguni offshoot of the Mfecane/Difaqane disruptions who moved north and established…
• DAs BSAC surveyors mapping the Copperbelt

The Kuomboka ceremony is best described as:

• AThe Bemba first-fruits festival at Mungwi
• BThe Ngoni first-fruits dance at Chipata
• CThe annual opening of the Copperbelt mines
• DThe Lozi Litunga’s ceremonial move from the flooded plain capital to higher ground

Which Zambian ceremony is associated with the eastern Lunda of Mwata Kazembe?

• AKuomboka
• BNc’wala
• CMutomboko
• DShimunenga

Why is Ingombe Ilede important in Zambian national heritage and long-distance trade topics?

• AIt was the first BSAC administrative capital
• BIt was the League of Nations headquarters in Africa
• CIt is an Iron Age site whose burials and imports show interior links to wider Indian Ocea…
• DIt was the site of the 1991 multiparty election

Which set of goods best matches pre-colonial long-distance trade involving the Central African interior?

• ACrude oil, uranium yellowcake and container-ship electronics
• BSteam locomotives and canned beef only
• CPrinted newspapers and radio sets only
• DIvory, copper, salt, cloth, beads and, in later centuries, captives

Imported glass beads and gold objects at sites such as Ingombe Ilede are best used as evidence for which claim?

• AThe interior had no contact with the wider world before 1889
• BSome Central African communities were already connected to regional and Indian Ocean exch…
• CAll trade was controlled by the British South Africa Company
• DCopper was unknown in Central Africa before colonial mines opened

In the centuries before colonial partition, Central African trade most commonly linked the Zambian interior to which external partners?

• AOnly Canada and New Zealand
• BEast-coast Swahili and Yao networks, Portuguese posts on the Zambezi and Atlantic, and so…
• COnly the United States consular service
• DOnly the League of Nations Permanent Mandates Commission

Cross-shaped copper ingots (croisettes) found across a wide Central African area are best interpreted as evidence that:

• ACopper had no exchange value until the 1930s Copperbelt strikes
• BPre-colonial copper production supported long-distance exchange well beyond a single chie…
• CAll copper objects were imported from Britain
• DIron-working had not yet begun anywhere in the region

In the later pre-colonial slave trade affecting Central Africa, what did many African suppliers most often receive in exchange for captives?

• ARailway shares in the British South Africa Company
• BUnited Nations refugee status
• CSeats in the Federal Assembly at Salisbury
• DImported cloth, beads and firearms

Which consequence of the nineteenth-century slave and ivory trades is most defensible for a 2167 essay?

• AInterior societies became uniformly richer and more peaceful
• BRaiding, insecurity and the spread of firearms disrupted settlement and strengthened some…
• CThe trade immediately created the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
• DThe trade abolished all kingship in Central Africa

David Livingstone is most accurately described, in the Zambian syllabus, as:

• AThe first President of independent Zambia
• BThe BSAC administrator who introduced the hut tax
• CThe founder of the United National Independence Party
• DA missionary-explorer who travelled the Zambezi region, publicised the interior, and whos…

François Coillard, who worked closely with the Lozi court, represented which missionary body?

• AThe Paris Evangelical Missionary Society
• BThe Jesuit reduction of Paraguay
• CThe Dutch Reformed Church of the Transvaal only
• DThe Anglican Universities’ Mission as its only field

The White Fathers (Missionaries of Africa) are most closely associated, in northern Zambia, with:

• ACatholic mission work among Bemba-speaking communities
• BThe foundation of the British South Africa Company
• CCommand of the Union Defence Force in 1910
• DChairing the 1964 independence constitutional conference alone

Which balanced judgement of missionary activity in Zambia would serve a 2167 essay best?

• AMissionaries only destroyed African societies and produced no schools or written languages
• BMissionaries only acted as independent African nationalists with no link to colonial power
• CMissions spread literacy and Christianity and attacked the slave trade, but they also gat…
• DMissions replaced the copper industry as Zambia’s main export sector

The British South Africa Company (BSAC) was:

• AA Lozi royal council at Lealui
• BThe youth wing of UNIP
• CA League of Nations health agency
• DA chartered company associated with Cecil Rhodes that claimed mineral and administrative…

The Lochner Concession of 1890 is best described as:

• AA United Nations trusteeship agreement for Barotseland
• BA mineral concession obtained from Lewanika of the Lozi by Frank Lochner for the BSAC
• CThe treaty that created the Organisation of African Unity
• DThe 1964 independence constitution

Why did Lewanika have reason to seek an outside protector in the late 1880s?

• AHe wanted to join the Union of South Africa as a province
• BHe had already been elected to the Federal Assembly
• CInternal unrest and the threat of Ndebele raids made British protection look useful
• DThe United Nations had ordered Barotseland to federate with Nyasaland

What was deceptive about Frank Lochner’s approach to the Lozi court?

• AHe told Lewanika the BSAC represented the British government, a claim he had no authority…
• BHe claimed to be the Litunga’s brother
• CHe offered to move the Lozi capital to Cape Town
• DHe said copper had no value anywhere in Central Africa

What administrative change created Northern Rhodesia as a single territory in 1911?

• AThe independence of Zambia under UNIP
• BThe formation of SADCC in Lusaka
• CThe merger of North-Eastern Rhodesia and North-Western Rhodesia under the BSAC
• DThe Union of South Africa Act

What happened to the government of Northern Rhodesia in 1924?

• AIt became a province of Portugal
• BThe British Colonial Office took over from the British South Africa Company
• CIt joined the Organisation of African Unity
• DIt adopted majority rule under Kenneth Kaunda

Which statement about colonial capitals in Northern Rhodesia is correct?

• ALusaka was the capital from the first day of BSAC occupation in 1890
• BThe capital was always Salisbury (Harare)
• CLivingstone served as capital before the administration moved to Lusaka in the mid-1930s
• DThe capital rotated annually between Cape Town and Nairobi

What was the main colonial purpose of the hut tax in Northern Rhodesia?

• ATo fund the Organisation of African Unity
• BTo abolish copper mining
• CTo pay United Nations peacekeepers
• DTo push African men into wage labour so they could pay tax in cash

Besides the Northern Rhodesian Copperbelt, where did large numbers of Northern Rhodesian men also go as migrant labourers?

• AOnly to Canada’s prairie farms
• BTo mines and farms in Southern Rhodesia, Katanga and South Africa
• COnly to China under a UN labour treaty
• DOnly to the Lozi royal barges at Kuomboka

After the Colonial Office took over administration in 1924, what valuable right did the BSAC still hold?

• AThe exclusive right to appoint the Secretary-General of the United Nations
• BMineral rights and royalties over much of Northern Rhodesia
• COwnership of the Organisation of African Unity
• DA permanent majority in UNIP

Which description best captures the colonial political economy of Northern Rhodesia?

• AA dual system in which a mineral-export enclave and settler farms used cheap migrant labo…
• BA fully industrial welfare state with universal old-age pensions from 1890
• CA plantation sugar monopoly identical to Barbados
• DAn oil sheikhdom funded by Persian Gulf concessions

What did the industrial colour bar on the Copperbelt mean for African workers?

• AAfricans were reserved all blasting, surveying and senior skilled jobs
• BBetter-paid skilled jobs and many urban amenities were reserved for whites
• CThe colour bar abolished hut tax
• DThe colour bar gave Africans the Federal franchise on equal terms

In Zambian and Central African History, what is the usual distinction between primary and secondary resistance?

• APrimary resistance is always peaceful; secondary resistance is always a general election
• BPrimary resistance means supporting the BSAC; secondary resistance means joining the OAU
• CThe two terms refer only to World War I and World War II
• DPrimary resistance is early, often armed, opposition to conquest; secondary resistance is…

Which episode is the best example of primary resistance in the Zambian/Central African topic?

• AThe 1991 MMD election victory
• BNgoni military opposition to company forces at the end of the nineteenth century
• CZambia’s joining of the United Nations in 1964
• DThe founding of SADCC in 1980

The Chilembwe Rising of 1915 is used in the Central African syllabus as an example of:

• AThe first session of the Zambian National Assembly
• BA Dutch East India Company mutiny at the Cape
• CA later, organised African revolt in neighbouring Nyasaland against colonial rule and war…
• DThe signing of the Treaty of Versailles

The Mwenzo Welfare Association, associated with Donald Siwale and other mission-educated Africans, is important because it:

• AWas the BSAC’s secret police
• BWas an early African welfare society that used petitions and meetings rather than immedia…
• CCommanded the Federation army
• DIssued the 1964 independence constitution

Watch Tower / Kitawala teaching in colonial Central Africa is best classified as:

• AA company recruiting songbook for the mines
• BA religious movement that could criticise colonial and mission authority and was treated…
• CThe official theology of the Colonial Office
• DA League of Nations minority-rights treaty

The Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (1953–1963) joined which three territories?

• AKenya, Uganda and Tanganyika
• BGhana, Nigeria and Sierra Leone
• CAngola, Mozambique and Guinea-Bissau
• DNorthern Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia and Nyasaland

Why did most African nationalists in Northern Rhodesia oppose the Federation?

• AThey feared domination by Southern Rhodesia’s settler government and the loss of a path t…
• BThey wanted Northern Rhodesia to become a Canadian province
• CThey opposed any use of the English language in schools
• DThey wanted the capital moved to Addis Ababa

Who became the first President of independent Zambia on 24 October 1964?

• AHarry Mwaanga Nkumbula
• BRoy Welensky
• CKenneth Kaunda
• DCecil Rhodes