Samoa Secondary Leaving Certificate — Health and Physical Education

Which statement best describes personal wellbeing for a Year 12 student?

• AWellbeing is only the absence of diagnosed disease
• BWellbeing depends only on sporting success
• CWellbeing is measured only by body weight
• DWellbeing includes physical, mental, social and spiritual health working together

A student wants a personal health goal that is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. Which goal best meets those SMART features?

• AGet healthier sometime this year
• BTrain like an Olympic athlete starting tonight
• CNever eat any food that tastes good
• DWalk briskly for 30 minutes after school on five days each week for the next month

A classmate privately says they feel hopeless and have thought about harming themselves. What is the safest first response?

• APromise to keep it a total secret so they still trust you
• BJoke about it so they stop being dramatic
• CTake the statement seriously, stay with them if you can, and get a trusted adult or healt…
• DIgnore it unless they mention it again in public

Which response is an example of assertive communication?

• AI am not drinking tonight. Thanks for offering, but I am heading home after the game.
• BYou are an idiot if you think I would drink with you.
• CSaying nothing, then later complaining to other friends
• DAgreeing to drink so nobody thinks you are rude

Which combination of daily choices most directly lowers a young person’s long-term risk of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease?

• ASkipping breakfast, energy drinks, and late-night gaming only
• BSweating heavily once a month then resting for weeks
• CTaking vitamin pills while remaining inactive and smoking
• DRegular physical activity, mostly whole foods, enough sleep, and not using tobacco

Friends dare a student to vape behind the church hall. Which decision skill is most health-protective?

• AAccept once so the group stops asking
• BArgue until the loudest person wins
• CVape only if nobody films it
• DRefuse clearly, leave if needed, and use a prepared reason that matches your values

Two teammates argue over who should take the last penalty kick. Which approach is most likely to produce a win-win outcome?

• AThe louder player takes the kick and the other stays silent
• BA spectator decides by shouting the popular name
• CThey stop speaking to each other for the rest of the season
• DThey name the shared goal, listen to each reason, and agree a fair rule such as rotating…

A student is criticised in class, snapped at by a sibling at home, then bumped in the market. Why might the same person show different emotional reactions in those three places?

• AEmotions are random and cannot be understood
• BSchool rules remove all emotion
• COnly the street environment can cause anger
• DSetting, relationship, audience and perceived consequences change how feelings are expres…

Which set is made up of protective factors for adolescent mental wellbeing?

• ASupportive family, at least one trusted adult, regular sleep, and belonging in school or…
• BSocial isolation, chronic sleep loss, and heavy unsupervised alcohol use
• CPublic humiliation as motivation and keeping all problems private
• DUnlimited late-night social media and skipping meals

At a Saturday to‘ona‘i a cousin offers a Year 12 student several beers. Which decision best weighs short-term social pressure against longer-term health and safety?

• ADrink quickly so the offers stop
• BAccept because adults are drinking, then walk home alone after dark
• CDecline alcohol, stay with a planned ride or family, and keep a respectful reason ready
• DMix beer with energy drinks to stay alert for church in the morning

Which features belong in a balanced personal nutrition and exercise plan?

• AOnly protein shakes and sit-ups
• BEating only after 8 p.m. and exercising when you feel guilty
• CCutting all carbohydrates and training twice a day with no rest
• DA variety of foods for energy and nutrients, regular movement you can sustain, water, res…

Most teenagers function best with about 8 to 10 hours of sleep. What is the most likely effect of several nights of only five hours?

• AFaster reaction time and stronger immunity
• BNo effect if you drink more coffee
• CPermanent immunity to stress
• DPoorer concentration, lower mood and weaker sporting decisions

A student feels worse about their body after scrolling edited photos for two hours. Which action best protects personal wellbeing?

• ACompare more closely until you look the same
• BPost a harsher photo of someone else to feel better
• CStart a crash diet advertised in the comments
• DLimit late-night scrolling, follow fewer appearance-focused accounts, and talk with a tru…

Which pattern is the strongest warning sign of an unhealthy intimate or dating relationship?

• ABoth people can spend time with family and friends
• BDisagreement is talked through without threats
• COne person isolates the other, checks their phone, and uses jealousy or fear to control t…
• DEach person can say no to physical contact

Which student is using a healthy coping strategy for exam stress?

• ASela, who walks with a cousin, breaks study into blocks, and talks to a teacher about fee…
• BMika, who stays awake three nights in a row and uses energy drinks
• CTala, who skips all classes to avoid thinking about the exam
• DNia, who insults classmates so she feels more in control

A student’s values include family duty and finishing school. Friends want them to skip afternoon training and a study group to hang out in town. What is the most values-consistent choice?

• ASkip both commitments so the friendship is never tested
• BQuit the team so there is no future conflict
• CLie to the coach and the teacher
• DExplain that training and study come first today and suggest another time to meet

A school counsellor says they cannot keep a student’s disclosure fully confidential. In which situation is breaking confidentiality most justified?

• AThe student admits they dislike a subject
• BThe student asks how to join the netball team
• CThe student wants advice about a part-time job
• DThe student is at serious risk of harming themselves or being harmed by someone else

When moving from school toward work, which set of choices best supports personal health as well as income?

• ATaking the first job that requires 16-hour days and no rest days
• BAvoiding all work until a perfect job appears
• CLeaving home with no plan so independence happens faster
• DConsidering further study, a cadetship or part-time work, and checking hours, safety and…

Which NCD risk factor can a student change through personal decisions, and which cannot?

• AAge can be changed; family history cannot
• BAll risk factors are fixed at birth
• CSex assigned at birth can be changed by eating less salt
• DTobacco use and physical inactivity can be changed; age and genetic family history cannot

What does resilience mean in personal health?

• ANever feeling sad or stressed
• BWinning every conflict with friends
• CIgnoring every problem until it disappears
• DUsing skills and support to recover and keep functioning after setbacks

A student wants Saturday study time; a parent wants them at a full-day family obligation. If they only give in and later feel resentful, which conflict style did they use, and what is a more collaborative alternative?

• ACompeting; the alternative is to shout until the parent yields
• BAvoiding; the alternative is to refuse all family events forever
• CCollaborating; the alternative is to leave home without telling anyone
• DAccommodating; the alternative is to name both needs and negotiate a split day or a later…

A friend is tearful and withdrawn after a breakup. Which action stays inside a peer’s helpful role rather than trying to be their therapist?

• AListen, check they are safe, encourage them to talk with a trusted adult, and keep includ…
• BDiagnose a mental illness and tell them which medicine to take
• CPromise you can fix the relationship if they follow your plan
• DForce them to joke until they look happy

A student’s whole personal plan is: “Eat less starting Monday.” Why is this a weak health plan?

• AEating less is illegal
• BPersonal plans should never mention food
• CAll effective plans must last exactly 12 weeks
• DIt is not specific about food quality or amount, ignores activity, sleep and support, and…

At a family gathering a respected older relative keeps filling a student’s cup. How can the student protect their health while still showing fa‘aaloalo?

• APublicly accuse the relative of trying to harm them
• BLeave the islands to avoid all family events
• CDrink everything offered so respect is never in doubt
• DQuietly switch to water, thank the relative, and if needed ask a parent to help explain t…

Why is the belief “everything would be fine if it were not for other people” unhelpful for personal relationships?

• AIt is unhelpful because other people never affect our feelings
• BIt is scientifically proven that relationships do not affect health
• CIt is unhelpful because conflict should always be ignored
• DIt places all blame outside the self, so the person does not practise listening, compromi…

Which people are usually appropriate first contacts when a teenager needs help with a personal problem?

• AA parent or caregiver, teacher, school counsellor, pastor or health worker
• BAn anonymous account that asks for money before giving advice
• CA stranger in a comment section who promises a secret cure
• DNobody, because asking for help always makes the problem worse

A student has a future study goal but keeps losing motivation. Which resource is most useful for staying on track?

• AA written plan, a weekly timetable, and a mentor such as a teacher or older cousin who ch…
• BDeleting the goal so there is nothing to fail
• CWaiting to feel inspired before doing any work
• DComparing yourself only with the top athlete in the country

A teammate keeps arriving late. Which reply is passive-aggressive rather than assertive?

• APlease text if you will be late so we can start warm-up on time.
• BCan we agree a meeting time that works for both of us?
• CYou are always late and you do not care about anyone.
• DSaying “it is fine” then rolling your eyes and talking about them to others

A boy in the village is told that “real men do not talk about feelings.” How can that message harm personal health, and what is a healthier alternative?

• AIt has no health effect; the alternative is to never speak in any group
• BIt only affects girls, so boys need no alternative
• CIt always improves fitness; the alternative is to train harder instead of talking
• DIt can delay help-seeking and increase isolation; a healthier message is that courage inc…

In Samoa’s hot, humid climate, which everyday personal habit best supports health during school and sport?

• AWaiting until you feel dizzy before drinking anything
• BAvoiding fluid so you “travel lighter” in a match
• CReplacing all water with sugary soft drinks
• DDrinking water regularly through the day and during activity

Which list contains only health-related components of fitness?

• AAgility, reaction time and balance
• BTeamwork, leadership and scoring ability
• CSpeed, power and coordination
• DCardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility and body…

What is cardiorespiratory endurance?

• AThe ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to supply oxygen during sustained activ…
• BThe maximum weight you can lift once
• CHow far a joint can move
• DHow quickly you react to a starter’s call

What is the main purpose of a warm-up before vigorous activity?

• ATo replace the need for skill practice
• BTo test maximum strength while cold
• CTo exhaust the ATP-PC system so training feels harder
• DTo raise muscle temperature, increase blood flow and rehearse movement patterns more safe…

Which muscle group is the prime mover for kicking a ball by extending the knee?

• AHamstrings
• BTrapezius
• CWrist flexors
• DQuadriceps

A sprinter spends most training time on long, slow beach walks. Which training principle is being ignored?

• AReversibility
• BThe FITT “type” letter is never related to the sport
• CTedium only
• DSpecificity

What does progressive overload mean in a conditioning programme?

• ADoing less each week so the body never works hard
• BChanging the sport every session so nothing is repeated
• CGradually increasing demand, such as load, distance, speed or complexity, so the body kee…
• DTraining only when you already feel exhausted

The elbow joint that straightens during a press-up is mainly which type of synovial joint?

• ABall-and-socket
• BSaddle
• CHinge
• DPivot only, with no hinge action

What is a coach’s primary role in school sport?

• ATo win at any cost, including hiding injuries
• BTo replace parents in every family decision
• CTo develop skill, fitness, fair play and safety, and to motivate athletes
• DTo decide who is allowed to drink after the game

Which energy system is the main ATP supplier during a single maximal rugby tackle lasting about two to four seconds?

• AAerobic system using fatty acids
• BAerobic glycolysis lasting several minutes
• CATP–PC (phosphocreatine) system
• DProtein oxidation

A student wants a better 20-metre shuttle-run (beep test) score. Which FITT application is most appropriate?

• AFrequency: one session a month; Intensity: maximal lifting only; Time: 30 seconds; Type:…
• BFrequency: twice a year; Intensity: rest; Time: all day sitting; Type: stretching only
• CFrequency: three to four aerobic sessions a week; Intensity: moderate to vigorous running…
• DFrequency: every hour through the night; Intensity: maximal; Time: 3 hours; Type: no rest

During the lowering phase of a squat, the quadriceps are working mainly in which type of muscle action?

• AConcentric, because the muscle is shortening while producing force
• BIsometric only, because the knee angle never changes
• CEccentric, because the muscle is lengthening while controlling the load
• DNo muscular action, because gravity does all the work

When the biceps brachii flexes the elbow, which muscle is the main antagonist?

• ATriceps brachii
• BGastrocnemius
• CIliopsoas
• DTibialis anterior

Cardiac output is the product of which two variables?

• ATidal volume and vital capacity
• BBlood pressure and body mass
• CHeart rate and stroke volume
• DReaction time and stride length

A netballer stops all training for eight weeks after the season. What training principle best explains her drop in beep-test score?

• ASpecificity
• BProgressive overload
• CReversibility
• DIndividual differences only, with no training effect

A midday rugby session on a still, humid Apia afternoon is planned. Which safety decision is most appropriate?

• AWear extra plastic layers to “sweat out toxins”
• BBan all fluids so players get used to the heat
• CSchedule high-intensity blocks earlier or later, provide shade and water, and watch for d…
• DIgnore humidity because only air temperature matters

In a Year 12 fitness-test battery, which test is the most valid simple measure of hamstring and lower-back flexibility?

• ASit-and-reach
• BVertical jump
• C35-metre sprint
• DIllinois agility run

Which description correctly contrasts continuous training and interval training?

• AContinuous is unbroken moderate work; interval alternates harder efforts with recovery pe…
• BContinuous always uses maximal sprints; interval is only stretching
• CThey are different names for the same session
• DInterval training cannot improve aerobic fitness