In precision viticulture, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) imagery is primarily used to assess what?
Advanced Viticulture
Question · Medium
A vineyard soil has a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 25 meq/100g. What does this indicate?
Question · Hard
Biodynamic Preparation 500 consists of what material?
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Which rootstock is MOST tolerant of lime-rich (calcareous, chalky) soils with high active lime?
Grapevine leafroll disease is primarily spread by which vector?
VSP (Vertical Shoot Positioning) trellising is MOST appropriate for which situation?
Question · Easy
Regulated Deficit Irrigation (RDI) in red wine grapes typically induces water stress at what phenological stage?
Crop thinning via green harvest is performed when and why?
Regenerative Organic Certified (ROC) viticulture differs from standard USDA Organic primarily by adding requirements for what?
Which rootstock is a pure Vitis riparia selection prized for early ripening on deep, fertile, low-vigor-demand sites?
Co-fermentation of Syrah with up to 20% Viognier is the traditional practice in which appellation?
Advanced Vinification
Carbonic maceration differs from semi-carbonic maceration in that carbonic maceration requires what?
Saignée is a technique used primarily to achieve what?
Bâtonnage refers to what winemaking practice?
A 'reductive' style of winemaking is characterized by what?
In a Solera system, fractional blending requires what?
The Charmat (tank) method of sparkling wine production differs from the traditional method in that secondary fermentation occurs where?
Pétillant naturel (pét-nat) is produced by what method?
Pump-over (remontage) vs. punch-down (pigeage) — which is generally more extractive per unit of cap contact?
Extended maceration (post-fermentation maceration) primarily accomplishes what?
Strategic partial malolactic fermentation is most commonly used in which style?
A dry table wine's total acidity (TA) is commonly expressed in which units, and a typical range is?
Wine Chemistry
The US TTB legal limit for volatile acidity (VA) in red table wine is approximately what?
Typical pH range for a dry table wine is?
In the SO2 equilibrium in wine, which form is the primary antimicrobial actor?
The compounds 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol are produced by which spoilage organism?
Reduction aromas in wine (struck match, rotten egg, rubber) are caused primarily by which compound class?
Anthocyanins are responsible for red-wine color and are found where in the grape?
Esters such as isoamyl acetate contribute which aroma, and are produced primarily by what?
In the 1855 Classification of the Médoc, how many estates were classified as Premier Cru (First Growths), and which Pauillac estate was later promoted in 1973?
France
The Cru Bourgeois classification of the Médoc, reinstated in 2020, uses how many tiers?
In the 2022 Saint-Émilion classification, which two famous estates withdrew and are no longer part of the ranking?
Which Bordeaux appellation has no classification system and is famous for Merlot-dominated wines on blue-clay soils (Petrus, Le Pin)?
The 1959 (revised 1987) Crus Classés de Graves classification ranks estates in which appellation?
In the 1855 Sauternes classification, which single estate holds the unique rank of Premier Cru Supérieur?
In Burgundy, a 'climat' refers to what?
Domaine de la Romanée-Conti (DRC) holds monopoles over which two Grands Crus?
Champagne bottles labeled 'RM' on the back denote what?
Which of the following is NOT a prestige tête de cuvée Champagne?
Châteauneuf-du-Pape allows up to how many grape varieties in the blend (counting color-color distinctions)?
Alsace's Grand Cru classification encompasses how many designated lieux-dits (as of current law)?
Cornas AOC is 100% which grape?
What term describes a vineyard owned entirely by a single proprietor with no outside parcels?
The first Super Tuscan generally credited with launching the category in 1971 was?
Italy
Barolo MGAs (Menzioni Geografiche Aggiuntive) were officially introduced in what year?
Chianti Classico Gran Selezione, introduced in 2013, sits atop the Chianti Classico pyramid. As of the 2021 rule change, minimum Sangiovese is?
Prosecco Superiore Conegliano-Valdobbiadene DOCG includes a special subzone — considered the 'cru' of the appellation — called?
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