SAFe DevOps Practitioner (SDP)

What does the acronym CALMR represent in the SAFe approach to DevOps?

• ACulture, Automation, Lean Flow, Measurement, Recovery
• BContinuous, Agile, Lean, Manageable, Reliable
• CCollaboration, Architecture, Learning, Metrics, Resilience
• DCapacity, Alignment, Lead time, Maturity, Release

Which pillar of CALMR emphasizes shared responsibility between Development and Operations?

• AAutomation
• BCulture
• CMeasurement
• DRecovery

What are the four aspects of the SAFe Continuous Delivery Pipeline in order?

• APlan, Build, Test, Release
• BContinuous Exploration, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, Release on Demand
• CCode, Commit, Compile, Deploy
• DDiscover, Develop, Deliver, Monitor

In SAFe DevOps, what does Release on Demand decouple from deployment?

• ABuild from test
• BCoding from review
• CRelease of value to customers from production deployment
• DBranching from merging

What is the primary purpose of value stream mapping in SAFe DevOps?

• ADocument the org chart of the ART
• BVisualize and quantify the flow of value to identify delays and waste
• CGenerate Jira tickets for every step in the pipeline
• DReplace retrospectives at the team level

On a value stream map, what is lead time?

• AThe total elapsed time from when a request enters the value stream until it is delivered
• BThe time a developer spends actively coding
• CThe duration of the daily stand-up
• DThe time to compile and run unit tests

How is process time different from lead time on a value stream map?

• AProcess time is always longer than lead time
• BProcess time is the active hands-on-keys time at a step, while lead time includes waits b…
• CThey are identical metrics with different names
• DProcess time is measured in story points; lead time in hours

Percent complete and accurate (%C&A) on a VSM measures what?

• AThe percent of stories that are estimated
• BThe percent of work received at a step that is usable as-is without rework
• CThe team's velocity over the last three iterations
• DThe defect escape rate to production

Which DevOps Health Radar dimension does Continuous Exploration align with?

• AContinuous Exploration
• BContinuous Integration
• CContinuous Deployment
• DRelease on Demand

How many sub-elements does the DevOps Health Radar have in total?

• A8
• B12
• C16
• D20

What is the goal of trunk-based development in a SAFe DevOps team?

• AMaximize the number of long-lived feature branches
• BKeep all developers integrating to a single shared branch frequently to enable continuous…
• CEliminate the need for code review
• DAllow each developer to maintain their own personal release branch

Which practice lets teams deploy code to production but hide a feature until ready to release?

• ABranch by abstraction
• BFeature toggles
• CMerge by exception
• DHotfix branches

What is a blue-green deployment?

• ATwo parallel production environments where traffic is switched to the newly deployed vers…
• BA deployment that uses two-color UI tests
• CA rollback strategy that color-codes failed builds
• DA way to randomly assign users to different feature variants

What characterizes a canary release?

• AReleasing to a small subset of users first, monitoring health, and gradually expanding
• BReleasing only at midnight on Fridays
• CDeploying to a single QA environment
• DSkipping production verification to release faster

What is a dark launch?

• AA release that happens overnight without telling stakeholders
• BDeploying new functionality to production but routing only synthetic or shadow traffic to…
• CReleasing only to internal employees
• DA failed release that is hidden from monitoring

What is infrastructure as code (IaC)?

• AManually documenting server settings in a runbook
• BDefining and provisioning infrastructure through versioned, executable configuration files
• CHard-coding environment values into application source
• DOutsourcing all infrastructure to a managed cloud

What is the principle of immutable infrastructure?

• AInfrastructure that can never be changed once provisioned, even by replacement
• BServers are replaced rather than modified in place; changes ship as new images
• CHardware that cannot be virtualized
• DAn infrastructure layer owned by a single team forever

Which of the following is the DORA metric that measures how often code is successfully deployed to production?

• ALead time for changes
• BDeployment frequency
• CMean time to restore
• DChange failure rate

Which DORA metric measures how quickly the system recovers from a production incident?

• ALead time for changes
• BDeployment frequency
• CMean time to restore (MTTR)
• DChange failure rate

What is the purpose of a hypothesis statement in Continuous Exploration?

• ATo assign blame for past misses
• BTo express a measurable assumption about a feature so it can be validated with real outco…
• CTo replace acceptance criteria
• DTo skip backlog refinement

Which prioritization technique does SAFe recommend for ordering the DevOps backlog?

• AFirst in, first out
• BRandom selection
• CWeighted Shortest Job First (WSJF)
• DLargest job first

What is the formula for WSJF?

• ACost of Delay × Job Size
• BCost of Delay / Job Size
• CJob Size / Cost of Delay
• DBusiness Value × Risk

In a SAFe DevOps test pyramid, which test layer should have the most tests?

• AEnd-to-end UI tests
• BManual exploratory tests
• CUnit tests
• DProduction smoke tests

What is the difference between TDD and BDD?

• ATDD is run by developers; BDD is run only by QA
• BTDD writes failing unit tests first; BDD expresses behavior in business-readable scenario…
• CTDD is for backend; BDD is for frontend
• DThey are different names for the same practice

What is application telemetry?

• AA daily standup format
• BStreaming diagnostic and behavioral data emitted by the application for monitoring and le…
• CA type of contractual SLA
• DA feature toggle library

What does full-stack telemetry mean?

• ALogging only at the application tier
• BCapturing telemetry across infrastructure, platform, application, and user-experience lay…
• CStoring all logs in a single file
• DTelemetry that only the operations team can see

Which CALMR pillar is most directly supported by automated rollback and forward-fix tooling?

• ACulture
• BAutomation
• CLean Flow
• DRecovery

What is the primary purpose of a blameless postmortem?

• ATo formally reprimand the engineer who caused the incident
• BTo extract systemic learning from incidents without punishing individuals
• CTo skip writing an incident report
• DTo assign customer compensation

What is the SAFe principle behind 'shift left' for testing and security?

• AMove testing and security activities earlier in the pipeline so defects are found cheaper…
• BRun all tests on the leftmost server in the data center
• CPostpone testing until after release
• DOutsource security to a left-side vendor

What is the MMF (Minimum Marketable Feature) used for in Continuous Exploration?

• AThe largest possible release a team can build in a PI
• BA self-contained feature small enough to release independently and large enough to delive…
• CA pure technical refactor
• DA non-deliverable internal experiment

Which DORA metric is calculated as the percentage of deployments that cause a degradation in service?

• ALead time for changes
• BDeployment frequency
• CChange failure rate
• DMean time to restore

In SAFe, what is the role of Continuous Deployment in the CDP?

• ADeciding which features to build next
• BAutomated movement of validated changes from staging to production with monitoring and re…
• CReplacing PI Planning
• DManually copying binaries to servers each Friday

What is the relationship between deployment and release in SAFe DevOps?

• ADeployment and release are synonyms
• BDeployment is technical (code in production); release is a business decision (value to cu…
• CRelease happens before deployment
• DDeployment requires release approval every time

What is A/B testing in production?

• ARunning two versions of code or UI in parallel and comparing real-user outcomes to choose…
• BComparing two unit-test frameworks
• CNaming database backups A and B
• DRunning QA in two separate test environments

Which test type is most aligned with the 'non-functional' bucket in SAFe?

• AUnit tests
• BPerformance and security tests
• CAcceptance tests for a single user story
• DSmoke tests in QA

What does it mean to 'fail fast' in a SAFe DevOps context?

• ASkip code review to ship faster
• BDetect and surface failures as early in the pipeline as possible to limit impact and lear…
• CIgnore failed tests
• DDeploy without verification

What is the role of architecture in supporting Continuous Delivery?

• AArchitecture is irrelevant to CD
• BA loosely coupled, well-bounded architecture lets teams deploy independently with minimal…
• COnly monolithic architectures support CD
• DArchitecture must be re-decided every iteration

Which is an example of a CALMR Lean Flow practice?

• ALimiting work in progress (WIP)
• BBuying more monitoring tools
• CAdding more sign-off gates
• DHiring more managers

What is the activity ratio on a value stream map?

• AProcess time divided by lead time, expressed as a percent
• BNumber of meetings per day
• CActive developers divided by total team size
• DDefects divided by stories

Which deployment pattern is best when you need to validate behavior under real production traffic without exposing customers to risk?

• ABig-bang deployment
• BDark launch with shadow traffic
• CSkipping staging entirely
• DManual file copy

What is a Definition of Done (DoD) in the context of CI for a SAFe team?

• AA list of stories the team plans to do
• BA shared agreement of the criteria a story or feature must meet to be considered complete…
• CA board status named 'Done'
• DA management mandate posted on the wall

What does a service-level objective (SLO) represent in SAFe DevOps measurement?

• AA target for system reliability or performance, used to balance speed and stability
• BA formal contract with a customer
• CA type of feature toggle
• DA retrospective action item

What is an error budget?

• AA monthly bonus for engineers who fix bugs
• BThe amount of unreliability allowed by the SLO before further releases pause for stabilit…
• CA budget line item for incident tooling
• DPenalty money paid to customers

What is the goal of stabilizing the solution in Release on Demand?

• AFreezing all changes for the rest of the year
• BEnsuring quality and operational readiness so the release does not regress in production
• CReplacing automated tests with manual ones
• DReducing deployment frequency to once per quarter

Which sub-element appears under Continuous Integration on the DevOps Health Radar?

• ADevelop
• BArchitect
• CDeploy
• DStabilize

Which Continuous Exploration sub-element focuses on selecting and sequencing the most economically valuable work next?

• AHypothesize
• BCollaborate and research
• CArchitect
• DSynthesize

What is the purpose of the Inspect & Adapt event in relation to DevOps practice?

• AReplace the daily standup
• BA regularly cadenced event where the train measures outcomes and identifies systemic impr…
• CA tool used only by RTEs
• DA blameful root-cause review