During active shoulder abduction, which accessory motion of the humeral head helps preserve subacromial space?
Kinesiology Biomechanics Ergonomics
Question · Easy
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A patient stands on the right leg and the left side of the pelvis drops. Which muscle group is most likely weak?
Chapter 1: Kinesiology, Biomechanics, and Ergonomics
1.1 Joint Kinematics and Arthrokinematic Principles
Study guide
Open-chain knee extension against ankle resistance is best described as which lever arrangement?
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An office worker has neck pain after prolonged laptop use with the screen low and far forward. Which ergonomic change most directly reduces cervical flexion demand?
Question · Medium
Excessive anterior pelvic tilt is most commonly associated with which muscle length and control pattern?
When teaching a patient to lift a box, why does keeping the load close to the body reduce lumbar stress?
1.2 Musculoskeletal Mechanics and Lever Systems
Which exercise is a closed-chain activity for the lower limb?
A patient with limited right ankle dorsiflexion clears the right foot during swing by hiking the right pelvis and circumducting the limb. What is the best biomechanical interpretation?
Question · Hard
Weak great-toe extension with sensory change over the dorsum of the foot most strongly suggests involvement of which nerve root?
Anatomy Physiology
Which muscle fiber type is most fatigue resistant during sustained postural or endurance activity?
1.3 Normal and Pathological Gait Analysis
Which rotator cuff muscles primarily contribute to glenohumeral external rotation?
Which process is most characteristic of the proliferative phase of soft-tissue healing?
Which finding is most consistent with an upper motor neuron lesion?
The Frank-Starling mechanism explains that stroke volume generally increases when:
1.4 Ergonomic Assessment, Posture, and Manual Handling
In emphysema, reduced elastic recoil most directly contributes to which breathing problem?
The gate control theory is commonly used to explain pain reduction from which intervention principle?
Which loading principle best supports exercise prescription for improving bone density?
A repeated 10-second maximal sprint relies most heavily on which immediate energy system?
Chapter 2: Musculoskeletal & Cardiopulmonary Anatomy and Physiology
2.1 Musculoskeletal Anatomy and Joint Architectures
A patient with spinal cord injury above T6 develops sudden pounding headache, flushing above the lesion, and very high blood pressure during therapy. What physiology best explains the emergency?
After a peripheral nerve compression injury, conduction block without axonal disruption is most consistent with which injury type?
A patient with low back pain reports new saddle anesthesia and loss of bladder control. What is the most appropriate physiotherapy action?
Clinical Decision Making Differential Diagnosis
Which test is commonly used to screen functional mobility and fall risk in older adults?
2.2 Cardiopulmonary Anatomy, Mechanics of Breathing, and Gas Exchange
After an ankle inversion injury, the patient has malleolar-zone pain, bony tenderness at the posterior edge of the lateral malleolus, and cannot walk four steps. What is the best decision?
A postoperative patient has new unilateral calf swelling, warmth, tenderness, and shortness of breath. What should the physiotherapist do?
A test measures knee range of motion consistently, but it does not reflect the patient goal of stair climbing. Which measurement property is most limited?
A patient has shoulder pain that reaches 8 out of 10 after light activity and takes two days to settle. How should irritability influence the first treatment session?
2.3 Cardiac Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Hemodynamic Control
Which presentation most strongly suggests cervical myelopathy rather than isolated cervical radiculopathy?
Why is a cluster of tests often preferred over one isolated special test in musculoskeletal diagnosis?
Before applying heat, cold, or electrical stimulation, which local safety check is most important?
Physical Agents Electrotherapy Hydrotherapy
What is a typical physiologic effect of local cryotherapy during an acute ankle sprain?
Chapter 3: Neuromuscular Anatomy, Pain Neurophysiology, and Exercise Physiology
3.1 Neuroanatomy, Motor and Sensory Pathways, and Cranial Nerves
Which situation is a contraindication or major precaution for superficial heat over the treatment area?
For therapeutic ultrasound, which parameter change most directly increases the average delivered intensity over time?
A conventional TENS setup for acute pain relief usually aims for which patient sensation?
NMES used for quadriceps strengthening after knee surgery should generally produce:
3.2 Pain Neurophysiology, Nociception, and Pain Modulation
Iontophoresis primarily uses which principle?
How does buoyancy in water most help early gait training for a painful lower-limb condition?
A patient with an implanted pacemaker asks for electrical stimulation across the chest and shoulder. What is the safest response?
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