Praxis Special Education: Early Childhood/Early Intervention (5692)

By approximately what age do most typically developing children take their first independent steps without support?

• A6 months
• B12 months
• C9 months
• D24 months

Which theorist is most associated with the sociocultural concept of the zone of proximal development?

• AJean Piaget
• BErik Erikson
• CBurrhus Frederic Skinner
• DLev Vygotsky

Under IDEA, which part authorizes early intervention services for infants and toddlers from birth through age 2?

• APart C
• BPart A
• CPart B
• DPart D

The written plan that guides services for an infant or toddler and family under IDEA Part C is called the:

• AIndividualized Education Program (IEP)
• BIndividualized Family Service Plan (IFSP)
• C504 Plan
• DBehavior Intervention Plan (BIP)

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the child's immediate family and classroom belong to which system?

• AMicrosystem
• BMesosystem
• CExosystem
• DMacrosystem

Embedding a child's communication goal into snack time and circle time rather than teaching it in an isolated pull-out session best illustrates:

• AMassed trial drill
• BEmbedded instruction within naturally occurring routines
• CNorm-referenced assessment
• DStandardized direct instruction

A developmental screening tool is primarily designed to:

• ADetermine a specific medical diagnosis
• BWrite measurable IEP goals
• CReplace a comprehensive eligibility evaluation
• DQuickly identify children who may need further evaluation

Which practice best reflects family-centered early intervention?

• AThe family's priorities, concerns, and resources guide service planning
• BThe professional decides goals and informs the family of the plan
• CServices are delivered only in a clinic to ensure consistency
• DThe child is the sole focus and family involvement is minimized

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in an inclusive preschool primarily means:

• AProviding one uniform activity for all children
• BRemoving children with disabilities to a separate room
• CDesigning flexible options for engagement, representation, and action from the start
• DLowering expectations for children with delays

Erikson's psychosocial stage for infancy (birth to about 18 months) centers on the conflict of:

• AInitiative versus guilt
• BTrust versus mistrust
• CIndustry versus inferiority
• DAutonomy versus shame and doubt

Arena assessment in early intervention is best described as:

• AEach discipline testing the child separately on different days
• BOne facilitator interacting with the child while a team observes and contributes
• CParents administering a standardized test at home
• DAssessing only motor skills in a gym setting

The transition planning required as a child moves from Part C early intervention to Part B preschool services should begin:

• AOn the child's third birthday
• BAfter the child has been in preschool for 6 months
• COnly if the family requests it
• DBefore the child turns 3, with a transition conference and plan

Which is an example of curriculum-based assessment?

• AA norm-referenced IQ test
• BA one-time developmental screening
• CA medical genetic evaluation
• DMeasuring a child's progress on skills directly tied to the program's learning objectives

A toddler points to a desired toy and looks back at the adult to share attention. This behavior is an example of:

• AJoint attention
• BEcholalia
• CObject permanence
• DParallel play

Under IDEA Part C, services should be provided in natural environments, which are best defined as:

• AOnly specialized therapy clinics
• BSettings that are natural or typical for same-age peers without disabilities
• CHospitals and rehabilitation centers
• DSelf-contained special education classrooms

Activity-based intervention is characterized by:

• AEmbedding learning targets into child-initiated, routine, and planned activities using na…
• BDrilling isolated skills with edible reinforcers in a separate room
• CAllowing free play with no intervention
• DOnly assessing children, not teaching them

FERPA primarily protects:

• AThe natural environment requirement
• BThe privacy of student education records
• CThe right to a free appropriate public education
• DThe transition timeline from Part C to Part B

A transdisciplinary team model is distinguished by:

• AEach discipline working in isolation with no shared information
• BOnly physicians making all decisions
• CExcluding the family from team meetings
• DRole release, where team members share expertise so one or two primary providers deliver…

Which is a recognized risk factor for developmental delay in infancy?

• AConsistent responsive caregiving
• BRich language environment
• CSecure attachment
• DVery low birth weight

Caregiver coaching in early intervention is best described as:

• AThe provider performing all intervention while the caregiver watches passively
• BSending worksheets home for parents to complete
• CA collaborative process that builds caregiver capacity to support the child within everyd…
• DTesting the caregiver's parenting knowledge

According to Piaget, an infant who searches for a hidden toy has developed:

• AConservation
• BObject permanence
• CReversibility
• DAbstract reasoning

A practitioner who regularly examines her own practice, seeks feedback, and adjusts intervention based on data is engaging in:

• AMandated reporting
• BNorm-referenced testing
• CProcedural safeguards
• DReflective practice

Which describes routines-based intervention?

• ATeaching only during a scheduled therapy hour in a clinic
• BEliminating family routines to focus on therapy
• CEmbedding intervention into the family's existing daily routines such as mealtime, bath,…
• DUsing only standardized worksheets

Phonological awareness in early literacy refers to:

• AThe ability to recognize and manipulate the sound structure of spoken language
• BKnowing the meaning of vocabulary words
• CReading fluently with expression
• DHolding a pencil correctly

Procedural safeguards under IDEA include all of the following EXCEPT:

• APrior written notice
• BRight to an independent educational evaluation
• CA guaranteed specific national passing score on Praxis
• DAccess to due process and mediation

Developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) requires teachers to make decisions based on knowledge of:

• AOnly the standardized curriculum pacing guide
• BOnly the child's chronological age
• COnly standardized test scores
• DChild development, individual children, and social and cultural contexts

Which assessment approach observes a child engaging in meaningful, child-directed play to gather developmental information?

• ANorm-referenced standardized testing
• BPlay-based authentic assessment
• CGroup-administered achievement testing
• DA single screening checklist

Child-find under IDEA refers to the affirmative obligation to:

• AOnly serve children whose parents request services
• BLocate, identify, and evaluate all children who may need early intervention or special ed…
• CTest every child annually with a norm-referenced IQ test
• DPlace all referred children directly into services without evaluation

Scaffolding a young child's learning means:

• AProviding temporary, adjustable support that is gradually removed as competence increases
• BCompleting the task for the child every time
• CWithholding all help to build independence
• DGiving the same level of help regardless of progress

A speech-language pathologist, occupational therapist, and special educator each evaluate a child separately and write separate reports with little coordination. This describes a:

• ATransdisciplinary model
• BCoaching model
• CMultidisciplinary model
• DArena model

Which is the most appropriate first response when an early interventionist has a reasonable suspicion of child abuse or neglect?

• AWait until there is definitive proof before acting
• BMake a report to the appropriate child protective authority as a mandated reporter
• CConfront the parent and demand an explanation
• DDiscuss it informally with other parents

Assistive technology for a young child with a communication delay might include:

• AOnly a behavior reward chart
• BA standardized norm-referenced test
• CA medical diagnosis form
• DA picture communication board or speech-generating device

By around 24 months, a typically developing toddler's expressive vocabulary usually includes at least:

• A50 words and beginning two-word combinations
• B1-3 words
• C10 words
• D500 words and full sentences

Which IDEA principle requires that children with disabilities be educated with peers without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate?

• AFree appropriate public education (FAPE)
• BLeast restrictive environment (LRE)
• CNondiscriminatory evaluation
• DZero reject

Which strategy best supports cultural responsiveness in early intervention?

• AAssuming all families value the same developmental goals
• BUsing only English-language materials regardless of the family's language
• CLearning each family's beliefs, language, and caregiving practices and incorporating them…
• DAsking families to adopt the professional's cultural practices

Naturalistic teaching strategies such as incidental teaching primarily rely on:

• AA rigid teacher-controlled script with no child input
• BChild interest and naturally occurring opportunities as the context for instruction
• CRemoving the child from preferred activities
• DMassed practice in a distraction-free booth

Progress monitoring in early intervention is best described as:

• AA one-time evaluation to determine eligibility
• BRepeated, brief measurement of a child's progress toward goals to guide instructional dec…
• CA norm-referenced comparison to national peers
• DA medical screening for genetic conditions

The Praxis Special Education: Early Childhood/Early Intervention test focuses on learners in which age range?

• AGrades 4 through 8 only
• BHigh school students only
• CBirth through grade 3 (approximately birth to age 8)
• DAdults in postsecondary settings

A primary service provider (PSP) model in early intervention means:

• AOne main provider coordinates and delivers integrated services with a supporting team
• BMany providers each delivering separate services to the family every week
• COnly a physician sees the family
• DServices are delivered only by phone

Which is an example of an age-appropriate early numeracy experience for a preschooler?

• ACounting objects during cleanup and comparing more and fewer
• BMemorizing multiplication tables
• CCompleting timed written algebra problems
• DReading a chapter book independently

Family systems theory reminds early interventionists that:

• AOnly the child should be considered in planning
• BA change affecting one family member can affect the entire family system
• CFamilies function independently of their cultural context
• DStress on a family never influences child outcomes

Under IDEA Part C, the IFSP must include a statement of:

• AOnly the child's medical diagnosis
• BA guaranteed standardized test score
• CThe child's present levels and measurable results or outcomes the family expects
• DThe teacher's personal opinions about the family

A child who plays beside another child with similar toys but without direct interaction is engaged in:

• ACooperative play
• BAssociative play
• CParallel play
• DSolitary play

The CEC and DEC codes of ethics emphasize that practitioners should:

• APrioritize agency convenience over child needs
• BShare confidential records freely with anyone interested
• CAvoid collaborating with families
• DMake decisions in the best interest of children and families using evidence-based practice

Which is the best example of a measurable IFSP outcome?

• AThe child will be happier
• BThe child will improve communication someday
• CMaria will request a desired item using two-word phrases during snack and play in 4 of 5…
• DThe family will feel supported in general

Which is a protective factor that promotes resilience in young children at risk?

• AChronic exposure to toxic stress
• BSevere food insecurity
• CFrequent caregiver changes
• DA nurturing, responsive relationship with at least one caring adult

When selecting an assessment for a dual language learner, the early interventionist should:

• AConsider the child's home language and use appropriate, nonbiased methods and interpreter…
• BUse only an English instrument for consistency
• CAssume the child has a delay because of language differences
• DSkip assessment entirely