What is the primary physiological effect of cryotherapy during the first 0-15 minutes of application?
Heat Cold Modalities
Question · Easy
What is the maximum recommended duration for a single cryotherapy application using an ice pack?
Chapter 1: Clinical Foundations, Healing Physiology & Scope of Practice
1.1 NBCE Physiotherapy Examination & Scope of Practice
Study guide
Which condition is an absolute contraindication for cryotherapy?
Question · Medium
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The hunting response in cryotherapy refers to:
What is the typical temperature range for hydrocollator hot packs?
What is the temperature range for therapeutic paraffin baths?
1.2 Tissue Healing Phases & Biological Repair Mechanisms
Fluidotherapy operates within which temperature range?
Which heat transfer method describes the heat moving from a hot pack into the underlying tissue?
How many layers of toweling are typically placed between a hydrocollator hot pack and the patient's skin?
Which patient population should NOT receive thermal modalities over the abdomen?
Indications Contraindications
1.3 Pain Neurophysiology & Pain Modulation Theories
Conventional (high-frequency) TENS is characterized by which set of parameters?
Electrotherapy
Acute (low-rate) TENS provides analgesia primarily through:
What is a typical pulse width range for clinical TENS units?
Interferential current (IFC) typically uses which carrier frequency?
Chapter 2: Electrotherapy Foundations & Pain Modulation Modalities
2.1 Principles of Electricity, Waveforms & Current Density
A primary advantage of interferential current (IFC) over conventional TENS is:
Russian stimulation (Kots' current) uses a medium-frequency carrier of:
What is the primary clinical purpose of NMES (neuromuscular electrical stimulation)?
Iontophoresis requires which type of current to drive ions transdermally?
2.2 Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Modes & Protocols
Dexamethasone sodium phosphate is delivered iontophoretically from which electrode polarity?
What is the typical maximum current density at the active iontophoresis electrode to prevent skin burns?
Question · Hard
A typical total iontophoresis dosage for dexamethasone is:
High-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) is most commonly used for which application?
2.3 Interferential Current (IFC) & Premodulated Current Therapy
HVPC is characterized by:
Which patient is an absolute contraindication for any electrotherapy over the chest?
Burst-mode TENS combines features of which two modes?
Ultrasound at 1 MHz penetrates to approximately what tissue depth?
Ultrasound Phonophoresis
Chapter 3: Neuromuscular Stimulation & Advanced Electrotherapy Modalities
3.1 Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) & Russian Stimulation
Ultrasound at 3 MHz is best used to treat:
Continuous-mode ultrasound is selected primarily for:
What is a typical therapeutic ultrasound intensity range?
What does Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) describe in therapeutic ultrasound?
3.2 High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) & Microcurrent Electrical Therapy
Effective Radiating Area (ERA) refers to:
Phonophoresis uses ultrasound to:
Why must a coupling agent always be used with therapeutic ultrasound?
Therapeutic ultrasound is contraindicated over which of the following?
3.3 Iontophoresis Biophysics, Pharmacology & Dosing Protocols
When applying ultrasound, the transducer should be moved at approximately:
What is the recommended initial cervical traction force for a typical adult patient?
Mechanical Modalities
Initial lumbar traction force for an average patient is typically:
Which traction setting is most often selected for symptom relief of acute cervical radiculopathy?
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