CENEVAL EGEL Plus Diseño Gráfico (EGEL Plus DISEÑO)

Which set of primary colors defines the additive color model used in self-luminous electronic displays, and what is produced when they are mixed at full intensity?

• ARed, green, and blue, producing white light
• BCyan, magenta, and yellow, producing neutral gray
• CRed, yellow, and blue, producing deep black
• DCyan, magenta, yellow, and black, producing pure white

Which Spanish sentence uses the expression recommended by the RAE's Diccionario panhispánico de dudas?

• AEl diseño se ajustó en base a los resultados de las pruebas con usuarios.
• BEl diseño se ajustó con base en los resultados de las pruebas con usuarios.
• CEl diseño se ajustó en base de los resultados de las pruebas con usuarios.
• DEl diseño se ajustó con base a los resultados de las pruebas con usuarios.

According to Charles Sanders Peirce's triadic theory of semiotics, how is an indexical sign (index) fundamentally defined in relation to its referent?

• AThrough arbitrary social convention and learned cultural agreement
• BThrough a direct physical resemblance or formal mimicry of the object
• CThrough an existential, physical, or causal connection to the object
• DThrough an abstract, non-referential sensory stimulus devoid of meaning

Which Gestalt principle is demonstrated when the human visual system perceives an open, incomplete outline as a closed, finished geometric shape?

• AClosure
• BContinuity
• CProximity
• DCommon Fate

Which color scheme combines two hues that lie directly opposite each other on the standard 12-hue color wheel, maximizing visual chromatic contrast?

• AAnalogous color scheme
• BTriadic color scheme
• CComplementary color scheme
• DMonochromatic color scheme

Which Spanish sentence writes the measurement symbols according to RAE spelling rules?

• AEl cartel mide 60 cms de ancho y tendrá un 20 % de descuento.
• BEl cartel mide 60 cm. de ancho y tendrá un 20 % de descuento.
• CEl cartel mide 60cm de ancho y tendrá un 20 % de descuento.
• DEl cartel mide 60 cm de ancho y tendrá un 20 % de descuento.

According to Michel Eugène Chevreul's law of simultaneous contrast, how does a neutral gray patch visually appear when placed entirely inside a field of saturated green?

• AThe neutral gray takes on a subtle reddish or warm magenta tint
• BThe neutral gray appears noticeably darker with a subtle greenish cast
• CThe neutral gray loses all perceived value and appears pure white
• DThe neutral gray increases in luminosity and shifts toward bright cyan

Which option correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'El cliente ___ aprobado la propuesta y la enviará ___ la imprenta.'?

• Aa / ha
• Bha / a
• Cha / ha
• Da / a

Which visual design mechanism is primarily responsible for establishing an intuitive reading sequence and clarifying relative importance across a layout?

• AVisual hierarchy
• BColor saturation balance
• CTypographic tracking
• DAsymmetric cropping

What is the key technical distinction between kerning and tracking in typography?

• AKerning adjusts the space between a specific pair of glyphs, whereas tracking applies uni…
• BKerning modifies vertical space between lines, whereas tracking modifies horizontal space…
• CKerning scales the horizontal width of letter stems, whereas tracking modifies font strok…
• DKerning is applied exclusively to body text, whereas tracking is reserved exclusively for…

In Roland Barthes' semiological analysis of visual imagery, what distinguishes the connoted message (connotation) from the denoted message (denotation)?

• ADenotation is the literal, objective identification of what is depicted, whereas connotat…
• BDenotation represents subjective cultural associations, whereas connotation is the direct…
• CDenotation applies only to linguistic text, whereas connotation applies exclusively to no…
• DDenotation represents the formal geometric composition, whereas connotation refers to pri…

A layout displays twelve icons arranged in two distinct groupings separated by a wide white space. Which Gestalt law causes the viewer to perceive them as two separate units?

• ALaw of Proximity
• BLaw of Pragnanz
• CLaw of Continuity
• DLaw of Similarity

Which option correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'Ya he ___ los cambios que pidió el cliente, aunque ___ de menos la versión anterior.'?

• Ahecho / echo
• Becho / hecho
• Checho / hecho
• Decho / echo

Which Spanish sentence includes all the required written accents (tildes)?

• ALa tipografia reúne rasgos que el público percibe como confiables.
• BLa tipografía reune rasgos que el público percibe como confiables.
• CLa tipografía reúne rasgos que el público percibe como confiables.
• DLa tipografía reúne rasgos que el publico percibe como confiables.

What is the crucial professional distinction between typographic legibility and typographic readability?

• ALegibility is the structural recognizability of individual letterforms, whereas readabili…
• BLegibility refers to the ease of reading long continuous text passages, whereas readabili…
• CLegibility applies exclusively to digital screen UI, whereas readability applies exclusiv…
• DLegibility measures font file rasterization speed, whereas readability measures line wrap…

Which option correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'No entiendo ___ el cliente rechazó el logotipo; tampoco nos explicó el ___.'?

• Aporque / por qué
• Bpor qué / porqué
• Cporqué / porque
• Dpor que / por qué

Which option correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'El puesto requiere ___ para la ilustración digital y una ___ abierta a la crítica.'?

• Aactitud / aptitud
• Baptitud / aptitud
• Captitud / actitud
• Dactitud / actitud

Which Gestalt perceptual relationship is famously illustrated by the Rubin Vase, where the viewer alternately perceives two silhouette profiles or a single central chalice?

• AFigure-ground relationship
• BCommon fate
• CAnamorphic projection
• DLinear perspective

Which word correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'La ___ publicitaria se instalará frente a la avenida principal.'?

• Avaya
• Bbaya
• Cvalla
• Dballa

In classical composition and grid design, what is the numerical approximation of the golden ratio (phi, φ), and how is it derived mathematically?

• AApproximately 1:1.618, where the ratio of the whole segment to the longer part equals the…
• BApproximately 1:1.414, derived from the ratio of a square's side to its diagonal
• CApproximately 1:1.732, derived from the height of an equilateral triangle
• DApproximately 1:1.333, derived from the classical four-to-three theatrical aspect ratio

Which adjective form correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'El manual especifica tipografías y colores ___ para cada submarca.'?

• Adistintas
• Bdistintos
• Cdistinto
• Ddistinta

In subtractive color printing, what wavelengths of the visible spectrum does pure process magenta ink primarily absorb, and what wavelengths does it reflect?

• AIt absorbs blue wavelengths and reflects green and red wavelengths
• BIt absorbs red wavelengths and reflects blue and green wavelengths
• CIt absorbs green wavelengths and reflects blue and red wavelengths
• DIt absorbs both red and green wavelengths and reflects only ultraviolet light

Which Spanish sentence uses the colon (dos puntos) correctly?

• AEl manual incluye tres apartados: logotipo, color y tipografía.
• BEl manual incluye: logotipo, color y tipografía.
• CLos apartados del manual son: logotipo, color y tipografía.
• DEl manual incluye tres apartados; logotipo, color y tipografía.

Which set of morphological features definitively identifies a Didone (Modern) typeface such as Giambattista Bodoni's designs?

• AOrganic humanist calligraphic axis, low stroke contrast, and cupped serifs
• BGeometric monoline stroke structure with circular O shapes and flat-topped A characters
• CStrictly vertical stress axis, extreme contrast between thick stems and hairline strokes,…
• DHeavy wedge-shaped serifs with inverted contrast where horizontals are thicker than verti…

What is typographic leading (interlínea), and how is it measured in modern desktop publishing software?

• AThe horizontal distance between the left margin and the first indented line of a paragraph
• BThe clear vertical distance between the bottom of lowercase descenders and the top of upp…
• CThe vertical distance measured from the baseline of one line of text to the baseline of t…
• DThe proportion of x-height relative to total body size expressed as a percentage

In corporate identity design, what term describes a brand mark consisting solely of stylized typographic letterforms without any accompanying graphic symbol?

• AIsotype (Isotipo)
• BIsologotype (Isologo)
• CLogotype (Logotipo)
• DImagotype (Imagotipo)

Why does a brand manual define a mandatory clear space (zona de exclusión o área de protección) around a corporate symbol?

• ATo specify the exact bleeds required during die-cutting and offset trimming
• BTo dictate the minimum pixel dimensions required for high-definition mobile app icons
• CTo ensure the mark remains isolated from competing graphics, text, and page margins to pr…
• DTo establish color trapping tolerance margins during flexographic and screen printing

Which Spanish sentence capitalizes the book title correctly?

• ALeímos Diseño Y Comunicación Visual, de Bruno Munari, en el primer semestre.
• BLeímos diseño y comunicación visual, de Bruno Munari, en el primer semestre.
• CLeímos Diseño y Comunicación Visual, de Bruno Munari, en el primer semestre.
• DLeímos Diseño y comunicación visual, de Bruno Munari, en el primer semestre.

In brand architecture theory, which model is characterized by a company operating multiple standalone consumer brands that do not visibly reference the parent corporation, such as Procter & Gamble or Unilever?

• ABranded House (Monolithic architecture)
• BEndorsed Brand architecture
• CHouse of Brands (Freestanding architecture)
• DHybrid Masterbrand architecture

Read the Spanish passage and answer. 'La identidad gráfica de los Juegos Olímpicos de México 1968, desarrollada por un equipo encabezado por el arquitecto Pedro Ramírez Vázquez en el que participaron Eduardo Terrazas y Lance Wyman, retomó líneas concéntricas inspiradas en el arte huichol y en el op art. Su fuerza no residía solo en el logotipo: el mismo lenguaje de líneas se extendió a la señalización, los boletos, los uniformes y las publicaciones, de modo que toda la ciudad funcionaba como soporte del sistema.' What is the main idea of the passage?

• AEl logotipo de México 68 fue obra exclusiva de Lance Wyman.
• BEl arte huichol fue la única fuente de inspiración de la identidad olímpica.
• CLa identidad de México 68 fue eficaz porque aplicó un mismo lenguaje visual de manera sis…
• DLa señalización de México 68 fue más importante que su logotipo.

Which of the following actions represents an unacceptable alteration that must be explicitly restricted in the prohibited uses section of a brand manual?

• ADisplaying the mark in pure black-and-white on monochrome invoices
• BReversing the mark to solid white against a corporate primary color background
• CDistorting the aspect ratio horizontally or vertically to fit an irregular layout area
• DScaling the logo proportionally within the permitted minimum and maximum dimensions

A freelance designer wants a monthly income of MXN 30,000 (before income tax), has fixed monthly costs of MXN 12,000 (rent, software, equipment), and estimates 105 billable hours per month. A new project is estimated at 25 hours. What total should the quote show, including 16% VAT (IVA)?

• AMXN 11,600.00
• BMXN 10,000.00
• CMXN 8,285.71
• DMXN 7,612.50

A studio has designed a new logo for a client who wants exclusive legal protection for it as a trademark in Mexico. Where is the trademark registered, and for how long is the registration valid?

• AAt INDAUTOR, for the life of the designer plus 100 years
• BAt IMPI, for 10 years from the date the registration is granted, renewable for periods of…
• CAt PROFECO, for 5 years, renewable once
• DAt IMPI, permanently, with no need for renewal

When promoting professional design services, why do many designers present portfolio projects as case studies rather than as images of the final pieces alone?

• ABecause case studies allow the designer to show more images of each project
• BBecause case studies show the problem, the process and the results, demonstrating strateg…
• CBecause clients prefer long texts to images when evaluating designers
• DBecause copyright law forbids publishing finished pieces without an accompanying text

To prevent disputes over an endless stream of changes, which clause should a design services contract include?

• AA confidentiality clause covering all project information
• BA defined number of revision rounds included in the fee, with additional rounds billed at…
• CA clause transferring the designer's moral rights to the client
• DA non-compete clause preventing the designer from working for the client's competitors

In a SWOT (FODA) analysis of a small design studio, how should the following factor be classified: 'A new studio offering lower prices has opened in the same city'?

• AStrength (fortaleza)
• BWeakness (debilidad)
• COpportunity (oportunidad)
• DThreat (amenaza)

Which pricing approach sets a design fee according to the economic benefit the work is expected to generate for the client, rather than the hours it takes?

• AValue-based pricing
• BCost-plus pricing
• CHourly-rate pricing
• DCompetitor-based pricing

What should a design studio's value proposition communicate to prospective clients?

• AThe complete list of software and equipment the studio uses
• BThe specific problem the studio solves for a defined type of client, and why it does so b…
• CThe academic backgrounds and awards of the studio's founders
• DA promise to offer the lowest prices in the market

A studio must deliver a logo for a website that has to stay sharp at any screen size and keep a transparent background. Which file format is the best choice?

• AJPEG
• BPNG
• CSVG
• DGIF

Read the Spanish passage and answer. 'Durante años se asumió que lo digital era, por definición, más ecológico que lo impreso. Sin embargo, los centros de datos consumen grandes cantidades de electricidad y agua, y los dispositivos se reemplazan con rapidez. Por ello, algunos estudios de diseño han comenzado a medir el impacto de sus sitios web (el peso de las páginas, el número de solicitudes al servidor) del mismo modo en que antes calculaban el papel y la tinta de sus impresos.' Which conclusion can be inferred from the passage?

• ALo impreso es siempre más ecológico que lo digital.
• BPara esos estudios, el impacto ambiental del diseño digital también debe medirse y reduci…
• CLos estudios de diseño mencionados han dejado de producir materiales impresos.
• DLos centros de datos son la principal causa del cambio climático.

Read the Spanish passage and answer. 'Hay quien sostiene que una buena tipografía es invisible: el lector no debería notarla, sino concentrarse en el texto. Esta idea, formulada por Beatrice Warde en su ensayo sobre la copa de cristal, sigue siendo útil para el diseño de libros. No obstante, en un cartel o en una marca la letra muchas veces debe hacerse visible, porque su forma es parte del mensaje.' What is the author's position?

• ALa tipografía siempre debe ser invisible, sin importar el soporte.
• BLa idea de Beatrice Warde es un error que ya no tiene utilidad.
• CEn los carteles la tipografía no importa, porque lo que domina es la imagen.
• DLa tipografía 'invisible' es adecuada para la lectura continua, pero no para todos los co…

In the Spanish sentence 'El cartel se imprimió en un soporte rígido para resistir la intemperie', what does the word 'soporte' mean?

• ALa estructura metálica que sostiene el cartel en la pared
• BEl material sobre el que se imprime o reproduce la imagen
• CLa ayuda económica que recibió el proyecto
• DEl servicio técnico que da mantenimiento a la impresora

Which sentence breaks the thematic unity of this Spanish paragraph? (1) La retícula ordena los elementos de una página. (2) Gracias a ella, los textos y las imágenes se alinean de manera coherente. (3) Muchos diseñadores prefieren trabajar de noche porque hay menos interrupciones. (4) Por eso, una retícula bien planteada facilita la lectura.

• AOración 1
• BOración 2
• COración 3
• DOración 4

Which connector correctly completes the Spanish sentence: 'El archivo se envió con las imágenes en RGB; ___, los colores impresos se vieron apagados.'?

• Ano obstante
• Bpor lo tanto
• Ces decir
• Den cambio

Which Spanish sentence uses the unstressed pronoun correctly?

• ALe entregamos los archivos finales a los clientes el viernes.
• BLes entregamos los archivos finales a los clientes el viernes.
• CLos entregamos los archivos finales a los clientes el viernes.
• DSe los entregamos los archivos finales a los clientes el viernes.

Which Spanish sentence writes the plural of the acronym according to RAE norms?

• AEl cliente envió tres PDFs con las correcciones.
• BEl cliente envió tres PDF's con las correcciones.
• CEl cliente envió tres PDF con las correcciones.
• DEl cliente envió tres PDFS con las correcciones.

Which of these Spanish fragments is an instructional (instructivo) text?

• AEn 1957, Adrian Frutiger presentó Univers, una familia tipográfica concebida desde el ini…
• BConsidero que el diseño plano ha empobrecido las interfaces, porque elimina señales visua…
• CAbra el archivo, verifique que el perfil de color sea CMYK y expórtelo como PDF/X-1a.
• DLa retícula modular divide la página en columnas y filas que forman módulos rectangulares.

When designing a digital publication with heavy typographic nuance, overlapping graphics, and strict layout fidelity (such as an art monograph or children's illustrated book), which digital format is most suitable?

• AReflowable EPUB
• BPlain text (TXT)
• CFixed-layout EPUB
• DMarkdown document