CENEVAL EGEL Plus Contaduría (EGEL Plus CONTA)

Which basic postulate (postulado básico) of NIF A-1 requires the economic substance of transactions to prevail over their legal form?

• AEntidad económica
• BDevengación contable
• CSustancia económica
• DConsistencia

A company delivers goods on 28 December 2025 on 30-day credit, and the customer pays on 27 January 2026. Under the postulado of devengación contable, when is the revenue recognized?

• AIn December 2025, when control of the goods passed to the customer
• BIn January 2026, when the cash was received
• CHalf in December 2025 and half in January 2026
• DIn February 2026, when any customer acceptance period ends

The sole shareholder of an S.A. de C.V. uses company funds to buy a car for his spouse and asks the accountant to record it as company equipment. Which postulate would this violate?

• ANegocio en marcha
• BValuación
• CDualidad económica
• DEntidad económica

A manufacturer pays its sales agents a 5% commission on shipments. Which postulate requires recognizing the commissions in the same period as the related sales?

• AValuación
• BAsociación de costos y gastos con ingresos
• CSustancia económica
• DConsistencia

Under NIF A-1 (in force since 2023), which are the two fundamental qualitative characteristics of useful financial information?

• AComparabilidad and comprensibilidad
• BOportunidad and verificabilidad
• CRelevancia and representación fiel
• DPrudencia and materialidad

When preparing the statement of cash flows under the indirect method of NIF B-2, which items are added back to profit before income taxes because they did not use cash?

• ADepreciation, amortization and impairment losses
• BDividends paid to shareholders
• CPurchases of machinery and equipment
• DProceeds from new bank loans

A company's profit before income taxes is MXN 850,000 and depreciation is MXN 120,000. Receivables rose MXN 50,000, inventories fell MXN 30,000 and payables fell MXN 40,000. Ignoring taxes and interest, what is operating cash flow under the indirect method?

• AMXN 970,000
• BMXN 850,000
• CMXN 790,000
• DMXN 910,000

Under NIF B-3, how may costs and expenses be classified in the statement of comprehensive income?

• AOnly by nature (materials, salaries, depreciation), since function is not permitted
• BBy function, by nature or a mix, with nature disclosures if by function
• COnly by function (cost of sales, selling and administrative), never by nature
• DIn any order management chooses, without any disclosure

A distributor reports gross sales of MXN 5,000,000, returns and discounts of MXN 200,000, cost of sales of MXN 2,800,000, administrative expenses of MXN 600,000, selling expenses of MXN 400,000 and interest of MXN 150,000. What is operating income?

• AMXN 850,000
• BMXN 2,000,000
• CMXN 1,000,000
• DMXN 1,200,000

A company has MXN 2,000,000 in a bank account frozen by a court for 24 months because of commercial litigation. How is it presented under NIF C-1?

• AAs non-current restricted cash, outside cash and cash equivalents
• BWithin current cash and cash equivalents, with a note on the freeze
• CAs a deduction from stockholders' equity until the litigation ends
• DOmitted from the balance sheet and disclosed as a contingent asset

The ledger shows a bank balance of MXN 145,000. The bank charged MXN 1,500 in fees and credited a customer transfer of MXN 18,500, neither yet recorded. There are MXN 35,000 of outstanding checks and MXN 22,000 of deposits in transit. What is the adjusted book balance?

• AMXN 145,000
• BMXN 149,000
• CMXN 132,000
• DMXN 162,000

Under NIF C-3 and NIF C-16, how are trade receivables measured?

• AAt fair value through profit or loss, with no separate adjustment for credit risk
• BAt transaction price, then amortized cost less expected credit loss allowance
• CAt historical cost, adjusted only once the customer files for concurso mercantil
• DAt estimated liquidation value, based on recent auctions of similar receivables

Receivables of MXN 2,000,000 are aged: current MXN 1,200,000 at 1.5%; 1-30 days MXN 500,000 at 6%; 31-60 days MXN 200,000 at 15%; over 60 days MXN 100,000 at 50%. The allowance already has a credit balance of MXN 28,000. What expense is recognized?

• AMXN 128,000
• BMXN 156,000
• CMXN 100,000
• DMXN 50,000

Opening inventory is 100 units at MXN 50. The business buys 200 units at MXN 55 and then 150 units at MXN 60, and sells 250 units. What is cost of sales under PEPS?

• AMXN 13,250
• BMXN 11,750
• CMXN 14,250
• DMXN 13,750

Opening inventory is 200 units at MXN 40, and the company buys 300 units at MXN 50. It sells 350 units. Using weighted average cost, what is ending inventory?

• AMXN 16,100
• BMXN 7,500
• CMXN 6,000
• DMXN 6,900

A retailer has 500 units at a cost of MXN 320 each. The selling price falls to MXN 310 and costs to sell are MXN 30 per unit. What write-down is required under NIF C-4?

• AMXN 5,000
• BMXN 20,000
• CMXN 15,000
• DNone, because the price is close to cost

Machinery costs MXN 800,000, plus MXN 80,000 of non-refundable import duties, MXN 30,000 of freight, MXN 40,000 of installation and MXN 25,000 of staff training. What is its initial cost under NIF C-6?

• AMXN 975,000
• BMXN 800,000
• CMXN 950,000
• DMXN 880,000

Delivery equipment costs MXN 700,000, has a 5-year life and a residual value of MXN 100,000. What is its carrying amount after 2 years under straight-line depreciation?

• AMXN 460,000
• BMXN 420,000
• CMXN 500,000
• DMXN 340,000

An extraction machine costs MXN 540,000, has a residual value of MXN 60,000 and is expected to extract 240,000 tons. In Year 1 it extracts 45,000 tons. What is Year 1 depreciation under units of production?

• AMXN 101,250
• BMXN 11,250
• CMXN 480,000
• DMXN 90,000

A factory replaces the engine of an assembly line for MXN 300,000, extending its life by four years and raising output by 30%. How is it treated under NIF C-6?

• AExpensed as routine maintenance in the period the work is done
• BCapitalized, derecognizing the replaced engine's carrying amount
• CRecorded as a separate intangible asset for the extended capacity
• DCharged directly to retained earnings as a prior-period adjustment

A company sells 10,000 devices with a one-year warranty. It expects 80% to need no repair, 15% minor repairs at MXN 200 and 5% major repairs at MXN 800. What warranty provision is recognized under NIF C-9 using expected value?

• AMXN 400,000
• BMXN 300,000
• CMXN 700,000
• DMXN 1,000,000

A company is sued for MXN 5,000,000. Its lawyers assess an unfavorable outcome as possible but not probable. What does NIF C-9 require?

• ADisclose it in the notes without recognizing a liability
• BRecognize a provision for the full MXN 5,000,000 claimed
• CRecognize a provision for 50% of the claim as a best estimate
• DNeither recognize nor disclose it until the case is decided

A parent owns 80% of a subsidiary whose equity is MXN 6,000,000 and whose net income is MXN 1,000,000. How is the non-controlling interest presented under NIF B-8?

• AAs a current liability of MXN 1,200,000 and an expense of MXN 200,000
• BAs a MXN 1,200,000 deduction from total assets, with no share of income
• CNot at all, because only 80% of each subsidiary line is consolidated
• DIn consolidated equity at MXN 1,200,000, with MXN 200,000 of net income

A company with idle capacity sells a product for MXN 100. Variable cost is MXN 60 and allocated fixed cost is MXN 25 per unit. A customer offers to buy 1,000 extra units at MXN 70 without affecting regular sales. What should the company do?

• AReject it, because MXN 70 is below the full unit cost of MXN 85
• BAccept it: it adds MXN 10,000 of contribution with no new fixed cost
• CAccept it only if the customer pays the regular price of MXN 100
• DIndifferent, because total profit stays the same either way

A company sells at MXN 200, with variable manufacturing cost of MXN 80 per unit, fixed manufacturing overhead of MXN 300,000 and fixed selling and administrative costs of MXN 100,000. It produces 10,000 units, sells 8,000 and had no opening inventory. How do the two costing methods compare?

• ADirect costing income is MXN 60,000 higher than absorption
• BBoth methods report the same operating income of MXN 560,000
• CAbsorption costing income is MXN 100,000 higher than direct
• DAbsorption income is MXN 60,000 higher (620,000 vs 560,000)

Which business is best suited to a job-order costing system (costos por órdenes de producción)?

• AA builder of custom yachts made to each client's design
• BAn oil refinery that runs continuously
• CA soft drink bottler producing millions of identical cans
• DA cement mill producing a uniform product

A department started 9,000 units and had 1,000 in opening work in process. It completed 8,000 units and has 2,000 in ending work in process, 60% complete for conversion. Materials are added at the start. Under the weighted average method, what are the equivalent units for materials and for conversion?

• A8,000 and 8,000
• B10,000 and 10,000
• C10,000 and 9,200
• D9,000 and 8,800

In activity-based costing (ABC), what is a cost driver (inductor de costos)?

• AThe chief executive's salary, allocated to products by sales value
• BA measure of activity that causes resource use, such as setups
• CThe income tax rate applied to each product line's profit
• DThe INPC inflation index, used to restate each activity's cost

Under ABC, setups cost MXN 200,000 for 100 setups, and machining costs MXN 400,000 for 8,000 machine hours. A batch of 500 units uses 5 setups and 400 machine hours. What overhead is assigned per unit?

• AMXN 20.00
• BMXN 40.00
• CMXN 75.00
• DMXN 60.00

What is the difference between a standard cost and an estimated cost?

• AStandard: what it should cost under efficiency; estimated: what it is expected to cost
• BStandard costs are set after production ends; estimated costs are set before it starts
• CStandard costs cover only direct labor, while estimated costs cover only materials
• DEstimated costs are required by tax law, while standard costs are not allowed for tax

The standard price of timber is MXN 25 per kg. In June, 4,000 kg were bought at MXN 27 per kg. What is the material price variance?

• AMXN 8,000 favorable
• BMXN 108,000 unfavorable
• CMXN 8,000 unfavorable
• DMXN 100,000 favorable

The standard is 2 kg per unit at MXN 25 per kg. Producing 1,800 units used 3,900 kg. What is the material quantity variance?

• AMXN 7,500 favorable
• BMXN 7,500 unfavorable
• CMXN 97,500 unfavorable
• DMXN 90,000 favorable

The standard labor rate is MXN 80 per hour. Workers logged 1,200 hours at MXN 75 per hour. What is the labor rate variance?

• AMXN 6,000 unfavorable
• BMXN 90,000 favorable
• CMXN 96,000 unfavorable
• DMXN 6,000 favorable

The standard is 2 labor hours per unit at MXN 80 per hour. 500 units were produced in 1,200 hours. What is the labor efficiency variance?

• AMXN 16,000 unfavorable
• BMXN 16,000 favorable
• CMXN 96,000 unfavorable
• DMXN 80,000 favorable

A plant budgeted 10,000 units with variable costs of MXN 20 per unit and fixed costs of MXN 50,000. It actually produced 9,000 units at a total cost of MXN 238,000. What is the flexible budget variance?

• AMXN 12,000 favorable, compared with the static budget
• BMXN 238,000
• CMXN 8,000 unfavorable
• DMXN 20,000 favorable

A division manager controls revenues, costs and the investment in the division's assets. What type of responsibility center is this, and how is its performance measured?

• AA cost center, measured only by its cost variances against budget
• BA revenue center, measured only by sales against the sales quota
• CA profit center, measured only by the division's operating profit
• DAn investment center, measured by ROI or residual income (EVA)

Jackets sell for MXN 150, the variable cost is MXN 90 and monthly fixed costs are MXN 180,000. What is the break-even point?

• A2,000 units; MXN 300,000
• B3,000 units; MXN 450,000
• C1,200 units; MXN 180,000
• D3,000 units; MXN 270,000

A firm bills MXN 250 per hour with variable costs of MXN 150 per hour and fixed costs of MXN 500,000 a month. What are break-even sales in pesos?

• AMXN 1,250,000
• BMXN 833,333
• CMXN 750,000
• DMXN 1,000,000

Price is MXN 100, variable cost MXN 60 and fixed costs MXN 300,000. With a 30% tax rate, how many units give an after-tax profit of MXN 140,000?

• A11,000 units
• B7,500 units
• C12,500 units
• D12,050 units

Product X has a margin of MXN 20 and Product Y of MXN 50. The sales mix is 60% X and 40% Y, and fixed costs are MXN 320,000. How many units of X are sold at break-even?

• A4,000
• B10,000
• C16,000
• D6,000

Expected sales are MXN 2,000,000 and break-even sales MXN 1,500,000. What is the margin of safety as a percentage of sales?

• A75%
• B25%
• C33.3%
• D133.3%

A company budgets sales of 12,000 units for October, wants 2,500 units of ending finished goods and starts the month with 1,800 units. How many units must it produce?

• A12,700
• B11,300
• C14,500
• D16,300

Production of 5,000 units needs 3 kg each. Desired ending materials are 2,000 kg and opening materials 1,500 kg, at MXN 20 per kg. What is the materials purchases budget?

• AMXN 300,000
• BMXN 340,000
• CMXN 310,000
• DMXN 270,000

Credit sales are MXN 400,000 in August, MXN 500,000 in September and MXN 600,000 in October. Customers pay 60% in the month of sale, 30% the next month and 10% two months later. What are October collections?

• AMXN 600,000
• BMXN 510,000
• CMXN 480,000
• DMXN 550,000

Net income is MXN 180,000, sales MXN 1,500,000, total assets MXN 1,000,000 and equity MXN 600,000. What is ROE under the DuPont model?

• A18.0% (margin 12% × turnover 1.50)
• B30.0% (margin 12% × turnover 1.50 × multiplier 1.67)
• C20.0% (margin 12% × multiplier 1.67)
• D45.0% (margin 18% × turnover 1.50 × multiplier 1.67)

Current assets of MXN 900,000 are cash MXN 200,000, receivables MXN 300,000, inventories MXN 350,000 and prepaid expenses MXN 50,000. Current liabilities are MXN 400,000. What are the current ratio and the acid test?

• A2.25 and 1.25
• B2.25 and 1.38
• C2.25 and 2.13
• D0.44 and 0.80

Inventory turns over 8 times a year, receivables 12 times and payables 9 times. Using a 360-day year, what is the cash conversion cycle?

• A115 days
• B75 days
• C35 days
• D55 days

The risk-free rate is 9%, a share's beta is 1.2 and the expected market return is 14%. What is the cost of equity under CAPM?

• A16.8%
• B14.0%
• C6.0%
• D15.0%