ICDL Data Analytics (ICDL Foundation)

Which type of data analytics is primarily concerned with answering the question, 'What is likely to happen in the future?'

• ADescriptive analytics
• BDiagnostic analytics
• CPredictive analytics
• DPrescriptive analytics

During which phase of the CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) cycle does an analyst define the project objectives from a business perspective?

• AData Understanding
• BBusiness Understanding
• CData Preparation
• DEvaluation

An analyst wants to determine why sales dropped significantly in the last quarter. Which type of data analytics is best suited for this task?

• ADescriptive analytics
• BDiagnostic analytics
• CPredictive analytics
• DPrescriptive analytics

Which of the following describes qualitative (categorical) data?

• AThe monthly revenue of a retail store in euros
• BThe customer satisfaction rating categorized as Poor, Fair, Good, or Excellent
• CThe temperature of a server room recorded in degrees Celsius
• DThe number of website visits per hour

A market researcher selects 500 customers out of a total database of 100,000 to complete a survey about a new product. In statistics, what term describes the group of 100,000 customers?

• ASample
• BPopulation
• CCohort
• DControl group

Which statistical measure of variation is calculated as the difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset?

• AVariance
• BStandard deviation
• CRange
• DInterquartile range

A dataset of test scores has a First Quartile (Q1) of 60 and a Third Quartile (Q3) of 85. What is the Interquartile Range (IQR) for this dataset?

• A12.5
• B25
• C145
• D72.5

A company wants to analyze employee salaries. The salaries are heavily skewed to the right due to a few executives earning extremely high amounts. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate to represent the 'typical' employee salary?

• AMean
• BMedian
• CMode
• DStandard Deviation

Under data protection regulations like GDPR, what is the term for processing personal data in such a way that it can no longer be attributed to a specific data subject without the use of additional information?

• AAnonymisation
• BPseudonymisation
• CEncryption
• DData Minimisation

Which of the following is defined as personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

• AAn IP address associated with a user's internet connection
• BA company's total annual revenue figure
• CAggregated customer satisfaction percentages from 10,000 users
• DThe average monthly temperature of a city

Using the 1.5 x IQR rule, an analyst wants to identify outliers in a dataset of transaction amounts. If Q1 is 150 and Q3 is 350, what is the lower boundary below which a data point is considered an outlier?

• A-150
• B-50
• C50
• D100

Which measure of central tendency represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset?

• AMean
• BMedian
• CMode
• DVariance

What is a primary business benefit of using data analytics in inventory management?

• ATo guarantee that all customers receive discounts
• BTo optimize stock levels and reduce holding costs while preventing stockouts
• CTo replace the need for physical store locations entirely
• DTo automatically increase the sales price of slow-moving items

Which sampling method ensures that every member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected?

• AConvenience sampling
• BSimple random sampling
• CQuota sampling
• DSnowball sampling

Which of the following is an example of qualitative nominal data?

• AThe rank of competitors in a race (1st, 2nd, 3rd)
• BA student's score on a math test (out of 100)
• CThe country of residence of website visitors
• DThe hourly wage of an employee

What is the key difference between nominal data and ordinal data?

• ANominal data is numerical, while ordinal data is textual.
• BOrdinal data has a logical order or ranking, whereas nominal data does not.
• CNominal data can be used in arithmetic operations, while ordinal data cannot.
• DNominal data is always continuous, while ordinal data is always discrete.

Which statistical measure of variation represents the average of the squared deviations of each data point from the mean?

• ARange
• BVariance
• CStandard deviation
• DMean absolute deviation

In the CRISP-DM methodology, which phase involves activities like selecting modeling techniques, generating test designs, and building models?

• AData Preparation
• BModeling
• CEvaluation
• DDeployment

Which of the '3 Vs' of Big Data refers to the speed at which new data is generated and needs to be processed?

• AVolume
• BVelocity
• CVariety
• DVeracity

A hospital uses data analytics to analyze historical patient admission rates and discover that flu-related admissions consistently spike in the second week of December. Which type of analytics has the hospital performed?

• ADescriptive analytics
• BDiagnostic analytics
• CPredictive analytics
• DPrescriptive analytics

A student receives the following grades: Homework (weight 20%) = 90, Midterm (weight 30%) = 80, Final Exam (weight 50%) = 70. What is the student's weighted mean grade?

• A77
• B80
• C75
• D79

Which of the following describes sampling bias?

• AAn error in data entry where numbers are transposed
• BA situation where some members of the intended population are less likely to be selected…
• CThe natural variation that occurs between different random samples
• DThe difference between the sample mean and the population mean

Which of the following represents quantitative discrete data?

• AThe height of a building in meters
• BThe number of customer support tickets resolved by an agent
• CThe time taken to run a marathon
• DThe weight of a package in kilograms

What is the impact of adding a single extreme high outlier value to a dataset on its mean and median?

• AThe mean will increase, but the median will remain relatively unchanged.
• BThe median will increase, but the mean will remain unchanged.
• CBoth the mean and median will increase by the exact same amount.
• DBoth the mean and median will remain completely unchanged.

Which of the following is a key requirement for lawfully processing personal data under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?

• AThe data must be kept indefinitely to ensure historical accuracy.
• BOrganizations must obtain explicit consent for all processing, with no other legal bases…
• COrganizations must have a specific, explicit, and legitimate purpose for collecting and p…
• DData must be shared with external partners to promote business efficiency.

Which of the following file formats is most commonly used to store tabular data in plain text, separating values with commas?

• AJSON
• BXML
• CCSV
• DHTML

When importing a text file into a spreadsheet, an analyst notices that accented characters (e.g., é, ü) are displayed as distorted symbols like 'é'. What is the most likely cause of this issue?

• AThe file contains too many columns to be processed.
• BThe incorrect character encoding was selected during the import process.
• CThe spreadsheet software is corrupted and needs to be reinstalled.
• DThe file has been infected with malware.

An analyst has imported a list of online customer transactions and wants to ensure each transaction is unique. What is the first step they should take to clean the data in this regard?

• ASort the list by transaction date.
• BIdentify and remove duplicate rows based on the transaction ID column.
• CDelete all transactions that do not contain a customer email address.
• DFormat the transaction amounts as currency.

Which spreadsheet function should be used to remove all leading, trailing, and duplicate in-between spaces from a text string?

• ACLEAN
• BTRIM
• CREPLACE
• DSUBSTITUTE

During data cleansing, an analyst notices dates formatted as both '12/10/2026' and '10-12-2026'. Why is it critical to standardize these date formats before performing data analysis?

• ATo reduce the overall file size of the spreadsheet.
• BTo prevent errors in sorting, filtering, and date calculations, as the software may misin…
• CTo automatically apply a dark theme to the spreadsheet.
• DBecause data protection regulations require all dates to be written in a specific format.

An analyst is preparing a dataset where 5% of the 'Age' column values are missing. If they decide to replace the missing values with the mean age of the dataset, what is this technique called?

• AData shaping
• BImputation
• CListwise deletion
• DNormalization

If you sort a list of transaction amounts in descending order, how will the values be arranged?

• AFrom the smallest amount to the largest amount
• BFrom the largest amount to the smallest amount
• CAlphabetically by the customer's name
• DChronologically by transaction date

An analyst wants to filter a sales dataset to show only rows where the 'Region' is 'North' AND the 'Sales' amount is greater than 1,000. How does the AND logic affect the filtering outcome?

• AIt displays rows that meet either the Region condition or the Sales condition.
• BIt only displays rows that satisfy both conditions simultaneously.
• CIt displays all rows except those that satisfy both conditions.
• DIt doubles the number of rows displayed in the final sheet.

Which of the following is a primary advantage of using XLOOKUP over VLOOKUP in spreadsheet applications?

• AXLOOKUP only works with sorted data, making it faster.
• BXLOOKUP can search to the left of the lookup column, whereas VLOOKUP can only search to t…
• CXLOOKUP requires the table array to be on a separate sheet.
• DXLOOKUP is restricted to matching exact text case-sensitively by default.

What will be the result of the formula =IF(C2>50, "Pass", "Fail") if the value in cell C2 is exactly 50?

• APass
• BFail
• CError
• D0

A column containing numbers has been formatted as text. When you try to calculate the sum of this column, the result is 0. What is the correct data shaping action to fix this?

• AUse the UPPER function on the entire column.
• BConvert the data type of the column from Text to Number (or Currency/General).
• CApply a conditional formatting rule to highlight empty cells.
• DUse VLOOKUP to find the numbers on another sheet.

Which spreadsheet function checks if a cell contains no value and returns TRUE if it is empty?

• AISERR
• BISBLANK
• CISTEXT
• DISNUMBER

An analyst wants to quickly extract the first names from a column of full names (e.g. 'John Smith' to 'John'). They type 'John' in the adjacent cell and drag down, allowing the software to automatically detect the pattern and fill the rest. Which spreadsheet feature is being used?

• AGoal Seek
• BFlash Fill
• CData Validation
• DPivotTable

An analyst needs to look up a tax rate from a table of income brackets. Since the income will not exactly match the bracket values, which lookup match mode should be selected in XLOOKUP?

• AExact match (0)
• BExact match or next smaller item (-1)
• CWildcard character match (2)
• DApproximate match using binary search (1)

Which of the following methods can be used to join text strings from multiple cells, separating them with a space, into a single cell?

• AUsing the formula =TEXTJOIN(" ", TRUE, A2, B2)
• BUsing the formula =SUM(A2, B2)
• CUsing the formula =A2-B2
• DUsing the formula =A2/B2

If cell A2 contains the text string 'PROD-10259-FR', which formula will extract the country code 'FR' from the end of the text?

• A=LEFT(A2, 2)
• B=MID(A2, 5, 5)
• C=RIGHT(A2, 2)
• D=LEN(A2)

When cleaning a database, you want to identify rows that are duplicate entries. However, two rows are considered duplicates only if they share the exact same values in both the 'Email' and 'RegistrationDate' columns. How can you clean these?

• ASelect only the Email column and click Remove Duplicates.
• BUse the Remove Duplicates feature and select both 'Email' and 'RegistrationDate' checkbox…
• CDelete all rows that contain the same RegistrationDate, regardless of Email.
• DSort the data alphabetically by Email and manually delete every second row.

What is the purpose of the IFERROR function in spreadsheets?

• ATo highlight cells that contain spelling mistakes.
• BTo automatically correct any mathematical errors in formulas.
• CTo catch and handle errors in a formula by returning a specified alternative value instea…
• DTo prevent the user from typing incorrect values in a cell.

A team leader wants to ensure that data entry staff can only enter 'Approved', 'Pending', or 'Rejected' in the Status column. Which spreadsheet feature should they configure?

• AConditional Formatting
• BData Validation
• CFilter Views
• DScenario Manager

An analyst is building a nested IF statement to categorize test scores into grades (A, B, C, D, F). Which of the following is a potential risk or limitation of using deeply nested IF statements?

• ASpreadsheets do not support more than two nested IF functions.
• BThey can become complex, difficult to read, and prone to logical errors during maintenanc…
• CThey automatically disable automatic recalculations in the sheet.
• DThey force all outputs to be uppercase.

You have a list of sales representatives. You want to sort the list first by 'Region' alphabetically (A to Z), and then within each region, sort by 'Sales' from highest to lowest. How can you achieve this?

• AIn the Sort dialog, add the first (primary) sort level as Region (A to Z), then add a sec…
• BSort the Sales column, delete the empty rows, and then sort the Region column.
• CApply a standard filter and check both A-Z boxes.
• DThis type of sorting is impossible and must be done by separating the data into different…

An analyst imports a text file where customer names are stored in a single column as 'LastName, FirstName' (e.g., 'Doe, John'). Which feature should they use to split this into two separate columns for LastName and FirstName?

• ARemove Duplicates wizard
• BText to Columns wizard using comma as the delimiter
• CConsolidate tool
• DPivotTable Wizard