Bahrain NHRA Physiotherapist Licensure Examination

Before starting a first physiotherapy session, which identification step is safest?

• AMatch two approved patient identifiers to the referral or chart
• BUse the room number because it is visible
• CBegin treatment if the patient responds to any name
• DAsk a visitor to confirm without checking the record

Which action is most appropriate before and after hands-on patient contact?

• APerform hand hygiene according to facility policy
• BWear the same gloves for every patient
• CClean hands only at the end of the workday
• DUse gloves instead of hand hygiene in all situations

In the first 24 to 48 hours after an uncomplicated ankle sprain, which plan is most appropriate?

• AProtect the ankle, manage swelling, and introduce pain-limited movement
• BApply aggressive end-range stretching until swelling resolves
• CImmobilize permanently and avoid all loading for months
• DUse high-velocity manipulation as the first intervention

During active shoulder abduction, which accessory motion of the humeral head helps preserve subacromial space?

• AInferior glide with superior roll
• BSuperior glide with superior roll
• CAnterior glide as the only motion
• DNo glide because the joint only spins

A patient stands on the right leg and the left side of the pelvis drops. Which muscle group is most likely weak?

• ALeft hip abductors
• BRight hip abductors
• CRight ankle dorsiflexors
• DLeft knee flexors

A patient suddenly develops facial droop, arm weakness, and slurred speech during outpatient therapy. What should the physiotherapist do first?

• AStop treatment and activate emergency medical response
• BContinue gentle exercises to see if symptoms improve
• CSchedule routine follow-up with the referring physician
• DGive neck stretches for presumed muscle tightness

Which gait pattern is commonly seen after a stroke with right hemiparesis?

• ACircumduction or hip hiking of the right leg during swing
• BEqual step length with no compensations
• CLeft foot drop only with normal right limb control
• DPure ataxia without weakness or tone changes

During walking practice, a patient's SpO2 falls from 96% to 82% with marked breathlessness. What is the safest immediate response?

• AStop the activity, position the patient safely, monitor, and escalate according to policy
• BIncrease walking speed to improve conditioning
• CIgnore the value if the patient wants to continue
• DRemove monitoring and finish the planned session

Which breathing technique is commonly taught to a patient with COPD to reduce dynamic airway collapse during exertion?

• APursed-lip breathing
• BBreath holding during transfers
• CRapid shallow breathing
• DValsalva maneuver during walking

Which gross motor skill is typically expected before independent sitting in an infant?

• AHead control in supported positions
• BIndependent running
• CMature handwriting
• DSingle-leg hopping

Which factor is most directly modifiable during a falls-prevention home education session?

• ALoose rugs in walking pathways
• BThe patient's age
• CRemote childhood fractures
• DPast genetic risk

For an older adult with osteoporosis and prior vertebral compression fracture, which exercise cue is safest?

• AUse neutral-spine strengthening and avoid loaded end-range spinal flexion
• BPerform repeated loaded sit-ups to strengthen the spine
• CAdd high-force twisting under heavy load immediately
• DAvoid all balance and resistance exercise permanently

Which set of variables best describes the FITT principle for exercise prescription?

• AFrequency, intensity, time, and type
• BForce, inflammation, tissue, and tone
• CFlexion, inversion, traction, and tilt
• DFriction, impulse, torque, and temperature

A patient has left knee pain and needs a single-point cane for gait. In which hand should the cane usually be held?

• ARight hand
• BLeft hand
• CEither hand with no effect on load
• DBoth hands while dragging the cane behind

Which finding is a common contraindication to applying superficial heat over a body region?

• AAbsent or markedly impaired thermal sensation
• BMild chronic stiffness with intact sensation
• CA healed scar with normal skin integrity
• DNormal circulation and normal sensation

Before applying ice, which screening question is most relevant?

• ADo you have cold hypersensitivity or poor sensation in this area?
• BWhat is your favorite sport?
• CDo you prefer morning appointments?
• DCan you name every previous medication?

What is the best description of informed consent before physiotherapy treatment?

• AThe patient understands the proposed care, risks, benefits, alternatives, and can choose…
• BThe therapist starts treatment because the referral was signed
• CThe family agrees even though the competent patient refuses
• DConsent is only needed for surgery, not rehabilitation

Which action best protects patient confidentiality?

• ADiscuss patient information only with authorized team members in appropriate settings
• BPost an interesting case with identifiers on social media
• CShare records with a friend who is curious
• DTalk loudly about a diagnosis in a crowded elevator

In a SOAP note, which entry belongs in the Objective section?

• AKnee flexion active range of motion measured as 95 degrees
• BPatient reports knee pain as 6 out of 10
• CAssessment: limited function due to quadriceps weakness
• DPlan: progress step-ups next visit

According to NHRA's licensure pathway, what must professionals do before being permitted to appear for the licensure examination?

• ASubmit a complete license application through the online system
• BBook any Prometric date without NHRA involvement
• CSkip the licensing application if they have clinical experience
• DRegister using another candidate's eligibility code

After NHRA approves a license application for exam eligibility, what does the candidate use to register for the Prometric licensure exam?

• AAn NHRA-generated eligibility code
• BA hospital room number
• CA social media profile link
• DA handwritten note from a colleague

Which qualification is listed in the reviewed NHRA Allied Health PQR for the Physiotherapist title?

• ABSc in Physiotherapy or Physical Therapy with minimum four years course duration
• BWeekend first-aid certificate only
• CHigh school completion with no physiotherapy training
• DShort online exercise certificate only

Which standard precaution is appropriate when contact with blood or body fluids is possible?

• AUse appropriate personal protective equipment and perform hand hygiene
• BUse no protection if the patient looks well
• CWear gloves all day without changing them
• DClean only visibly dirty equipment once a week

Which vital-sign response during exercise requires stopping and reassessing the patient?

• ANew chest pain with dizziness
• BMild expected increase in breathing rate
• CSmall rise in heart rate during warm-up
• DSlight sweating during moderate exercise

Which low back pain presentation requires urgent medical referral?

• ANew saddle anesthesia with bladder dysfunction
• BMild muscle soreness after exercise
• CPain that improves with position change
• DLocalized stiffness after prolonged sitting

After knee surgery, which finding is most concerning for possible deep vein thrombosis?

• ANew unilateral calf swelling, warmth, and tenderness
• BExpected quadriceps weakness
• CMild incision tightness during bending
• DTemporary fatigue after exercise

Which transfer setup best reduces fall risk for a weak patient moving from bed to chair?

• ALock brakes, clear obstacles, position the chair close, and use needed assistance
• BLeave brakes unlocked so the chair can move
• CPlace the chair far away to challenge balance
• DRush the patient without explaining the task

Which outcome measure is commonly used to screen functional mobility and fall risk in older adults?

• ATimed Up and Go test
• BSnellen visual acuity chart only
• CPure tone audiometry only
• DBody temperature only

Which intervention helps reduce pressure injury risk in a patient with limited mobility?

• ARegular repositioning with skin checks and pressure relief
• BKeeping the patient in one position all day
• CMassaging directly over a reddened bony prominence
• DIgnoring moisture and nutrition issues

Which statement best supports pain neuroscience education for persistent musculoskeletal pain?

• APain can be influenced by tissue status, nervous system sensitivity, sleep, stress, and a…
• BPain always means severe tissue damage
• CThe patient should avoid all movement until pain is zero
• DEducation is unnecessary if exercises are prescribed

A patient 3 weeks after ACL reconstruction has increased knee effusion and pain after doubling exercise volume. What is the best physiotherapy response?

• AReduce load temporarily, restore swelling control and range, then progress based on respo…
• BContinue the doubled volume because swelling is always harmless
• CStop all rehabilitation until 12 months after surgery
• DBegin maximal plyometrics immediately

A patient with subacromial shoulder pain has painful elevation, scapular dyskinesis, and weak external rotation. Which initial program is most appropriate?

• AEducation, pain-limited rotator cuff and scapular strengthening, and gradual activity mod…
• BComplete immobilization for six months
• COnly passive ultrasound with no exercise or education
• DHigh-load overhead pressing despite sharp pain

A patient with lumbar radicular pain reports new progressive foot drop and worsening numbness. What is the most appropriate action?

• ARefer urgently for medical assessment
• BTreat only with heat and reassure without reassessment
• CIgnore the weakness because radicular pain is always benign
• DPerform maximal repeated lifting to strengthen the back

Which intervention is most evidence-aligned for knee osteoarthritis with pain during stairs and reduced quadriceps strength?

• AEducation, weight-management support when relevant, and progressive strengthening plus ae…
• BAvoid all physical activity because cartilage cannot tolerate load
• CUse only short-wave diathermy indefinitely
• DPrescribe bed rest until X-ray findings improve

A patient had a posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty. Which movement combination is commonly restricted early if posterior precautions are ordered?

• AHip flexion beyond 90 degrees with adduction and internal rotation
• BHip extension with abduction and external rotation only
• CAnkle pumps in supine
• DIsometric quadriceps setting

Which capsular pattern is most typical for adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint?

• AExternal rotation most limited, then abduction, then internal rotation
• BInternal rotation most limited, then flexion, with normal external rotation
• COnly elbow extension loss
• DOnly cervical rotation loss

For chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy with morning stiffness and load-related pain, which loading strategy is commonly appropriate?

• AProgressive calf loading such as eccentric or heavy-slow resistance within symptom guidan…
• BComplete rest from all calf loading for a year
• COnly passive stretching with no strengthening
• DImmediate sprinting every day regardless of pain

A desk worker has lateral elbow pain provoked by gripping and resisted wrist extension. Which plan best addresses likely lateral elbow tendinopathy?

• AEducation on load modification plus progressive wrist extensor and grip strengthening
• BImmediate immobilization of the whole arm for six months
• CAvoid all use of the hand forever
• DUse only neck traction without assessing the elbow

Which finding most supports neural mechanosensitivity in a patient with posterior thigh symptoms?

• ASymptoms change with straight leg raise and sensitizing ankle dorsiflexion
• BSymptoms are identical during all positions and never change
• COnly local skin redness over the thigh
• DNo symptom response to any neural or spinal movement

After recurrent lateral ankle sprains, which exercise progression most directly targets dynamic ankle stability?

• AStatic balance, then dynamic balance, perturbation, hopping, and sport-specific tasks as…
• BOnly open-chain ankle circles forever
• CAvoid weight bearing for all future activity
• DStrengthen only the elbow flexors

A patient after right hemispheric stroke bumps into objects on the left and eats food only from the right side of the plate. Which impairment is most likely?

• ALeft unilateral spatial neglect
• BIsolated right ankle sprain
• CPure expressive aphasia only
• DNormal visual-spatial attention

A patient after stroke actively pushes toward the weak side and resists correction to midline. What is the best early management approach?

• AUse visual vertical references, task practice, and safe handling to retrain midline orien…
• BForce the patient into midline without explanation until they panic
• CAvoid sitting or standing practice permanently
• DAssume the behavior is deliberate noncompliance only

Which description best matches spasticity?

• AVelocity-dependent increase in stretch reflex activity
• BWeakness only without tone change
• CPain-free joint hypermobility only
• DLoss of all reflexes due to peripheral nerve block

A patient with Parkinson disease has freezing of gait at doorways. Which cueing strategy is often useful?

• AUse external cues such as stepping over a visual line or rhythmic auditory cueing
• BTell the patient to hurry without any cue
• CAvoid all gait practice
• DAdd dual-task distractions immediately during freezing

A patient with spinal cord injury above T6 develops pounding headache, flushing, sweating above the lesion, and high blood pressure during therapy. What should the therapist suspect?

• AAutonomic dysreflexia
• BNormal warm-up response
• CDelayed-onset muscle soreness
• DBenign ankle stiffness

Which finding in a patient with facial weakness suggests urgent stroke referral rather than isolated peripheral facial palsy?

• AFacial droop with new arm weakness and speech difficulty
• BInability to close one eye with no other neurologic signs
• CGradual ear discomfort before facial weakness
• DNo limb symptoms and normal speech

A patient has brief vertigo when rolling in bed. Dix-Hallpike reproduces vertigo with torsional upbeating nystagmus. Which intervention is most appropriate if no contraindications exist?

• ACanalith repositioning maneuver for posterior canal BPPV
• BHigh-intensity treadmill intervals as the first treatment
• CCervical manipulation without screening
• DBed rest for several months