Angola 12th Grade National Examination — English (Inglês)

Read Text 1 below and answer the question: [Text 1: Wildlife Conservation in Angola] The Giant Sable Antelope (Palanca Negra Gigante) is one of Angola's most iconic national symbols and a critically endangered subspecies endemic to the country. Following decades of civil conflict that disrupted conservation efforts, environmentalists feared the majestic antelope had vanished. However, camera traps confirmed its survival in the Luando Natural Integral Reserve and Cangandala National Park in Malanje province. Today, the Ministry of the Environment, in partnership with international conservationists and local rangers, has implemented active breeding programs and anti-poaching patrols. Preserving this unique animal is not only an ecological priority, but also a source of deep national pride and a potential catalyst for sustainable eco-tourism in Angola. According to the passage, what is the PRIMARY purpose of the text?

• ATo criticize the lack of environmental laws in Southern Africa
• BTo highlight the rediscovery, conservation efforts, and significance of the Giant Sable A…
• CTo argue that industrial mining in Malanje should be expanded immediately
• DTo compare the biology of Angolan antelopes with East African gazelles

Based on Text 1 (Wildlife Conservation in Angola), in which Angolan province are the main protected areas for the Giant Sable Antelope located?

• ACabinda province
• BNamibe province
• CMalanje province
• DCunene province

In Text 1, the word 'endemic' in the phrase 'a critically endangered subspecies endemic to the country' most nearly means:

• AWidely distributed across every continent in the world
• BIntroduced recently from foreign habitats
• CNative and restricted exclusively to a specific geographic area
• DExtinct in the wild and surviving only in domestic farms

What can be INFERRED from Text 1 about the role of local rangers and community partnerships in wildlife conservation?

• AConservation programs succeed best when local enforcement and anti-poaching measures work…
• BLocal rangers should be replaced entirely by automated satellite monitoring
• CBreeding programs are ineffective and should be abandoned immediately
• DOnly international organizations have the authority to manage Angolan natural reserves

Read Text 2 below and answer the question: [Text 2: Angola's Clean Energy Transition] As part of its long-term Vision 2050 development framework, Angola is accelerating its transition toward renewable energy. Historically dependent on fossil fuel exports for state revenue, the nation possesses vast untapped clean energy potential. The completion of mega-hydroelectric complexes on the Kwanza River, notably the Laúca and Caculo Cabaça dams, has dramatically increased the national installed power capacity. Furthermore, the government has launched solar photovoltaic projects in southern provinces such as Benguela, Huambo, and Namibe to supply off-grid rural communities. These initiatives aim to reduce carbon emissions, stimulate local manufacturing, and ensure equitable access to electricity across all socio-economic strata. According to Text 2, what is the main objective of Angola's renewable energy strategy?

• ATo phase out all electrical infrastructure in rural regions
• BTo diversify the energy matrix, lower carbon emissions, and expand electricity access acr…
• CTo exclusively export crude oil without developing domestic infrastructure
• DTo shut down all hydroelectric dams along the Kwanza River

According to Text 2 (Angola's Clean Energy Transition), why are solar photovoltaic projects being developed in provinces like Benguela and Namibe?

• ATo supply clean power to off-grid rural communities
• BTo provide additional power mainly to already connected industrial districts
• CTo preserve diesel generation as the principal source for remote communities
• DTo expand centralized fossil-fuel generation rather than local access

In Text 2, what does the word 'These' refer to in the sentence: 'These initiatives aim to reduce carbon emissions, stimulate local manufacturing, and ensure equitable access to electricity...'?

• AFossil fuel export contracts from previous decades
• BThe hydroelectric dams and rural solar photovoltaic projects
• CThe carbon emissions generated by industrial transport
• DInternational crude oil trading regulations

Which of the following represents a valid INFERENCE regarding Angola's economy based on Text 2?

• AAngola has completely eliminated all fossil fuel extraction and exports
• BExpanding electricity infrastructure is seen as a key foundation for broader socio-econom…
• CSolar power is only useful in northern provinces and fails in sunny regions
• DHydroelectric power cannot generate sufficient voltage for modern industry

Read Text 3 below and answer the question: [Text 3: Digital Skills and the Angolan Youth] In an increasingly interconnected global economy, digital literacy has evolved from an optional advantage into an indispensable competency. For secondary school graduates in Angola, mastering information and communication technologies (ICT) is critical for entering university and the modern workforce. Young software developers, graphic designers, and tech entrepreneurs across Luanda, Benguela, and Huambo are spearheading innovative startups that tackle local challenges, ranging from mobile payment solutions to agricultural distribution apps. However, disparities in broadband access between urban centers and rural municipalities remain a persistent hurdle. Bridging this digital divide through public-private investments in school computer laboratories and affordable internet access will ensure that all Angolan youths can participate fully in the digital transformation. What is the central theme of Text 3?

• AThe history of traditional postal services in Southern Africa
• BThe essential role of digital literacy for Angolan youth and the need to bridge connectiv…
• CThe complete prohibition of mobile applications in secondary schools
• DThe decline of university enrollment across Sub-Saharan Africa

According to Text 3 (Digital Skills and the Angolan Youth), what is identified as a major challenge to inclusive digital development in Angola?

• AA complete lack of interest among secondary school students in technology
• BThe total absence of university degree programs in computer science
• CThe digital divide and uneven broadband access between urban centers and rural municipali…
• DA national ban on mobile financial payment systems

In Text 3, the word 'spearheading' in the phrase 'spearheading innovative startups' is closest in meaning to:

• ALeading and driving forward
• BDelaying and postponing
• COpposing and restricting
• DCopying without permission

What is the author's overall TONE regarding the potential of Angolan youth in the technology sector in Text 3?

• ASkeptical and dismissive
• BIndifferent and detached
• COptimistic and constructive
• DSarcastic and hostile

Read Text 4 below and answer the question: [Text 4: Eco-Tourism and Cultural Heritage in Angola] With its breathtaking geographical diversity, Angola possesses immense potential for eco-tourism. From the spectacular Kalandula Falls in Malanje and the dramatic cliffs of Miradouro da Lua to the winding mountain passes of Serra da Leba in Huíla, the country boasts world-class natural attractions. Furthermore, the historic city of Mbanza Kongo, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site, provides an unparalleled window into Central African history and pre-colonial governance. When managed sustainably, eco-tourism generates foreign exchange earnings, creates direct employment in hospitality and guiding, and fosters the revitalization of traditional handicrafts. Crucially, sustainable tourism balances economic profitability with the imperative to protect fragile ecosystems and honor local cultural traditions. According to Text 4, what makes Mbanza Kongo culturally and historically significant?

• AIt is the newest seaport constructed on the Atlantic coastline
• BIt is a UNESCO World Heritage site representing pre-colonial Central African history and…
• CIt is the highest mountain peak in Southern Africa
• DIt is the main manufacturing center for automotive assembly in Angola

According to Text 4 (Eco-Tourism and Cultural Heritage), which of the following is a direct economic benefit of sustainable eco-tourism for local communities?

• AHigher visitor revenue retained mainly by external operators rather than local workers
• BGeneration of foreign exchange, job creation in hospitality, and revitalization of handic…
• CShort-term construction activity that displaces local crafts and services
• DReduced local participation in hospitality and guiding

In Text 4, the word 'imperative' in the sentence 'sustainable tourism balances economic profitability with the imperative to protect fragile ecosystems' most nearly means:

• AOptional recreational activity
• BUrgent necessity or duty
• CMinor financial expense
• DTemporary postponement

What is the key principle of 'sustainable tourism' emphasized in the final sentence of Text 4?

• APrioritizing visitor growth whenever it increases immediate revenue
• BBalancing financial profitability with environmental preservation and respect for cultura…
• CProtecting ecosystems by separating tourism planning from local economic needs
• DConcentrating benefits in premium tourism even when local traditions are altered

Read Text 5 below and answer the question: [Text 5: Community Health and Disease Prevention] Preventive public health interventions have proven far more cost-effective than treating advanced illnesses. In tropical regions, vector-borne diseases such as malaria remain a substantial public health priority. A comprehensive containment strategy combines distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets, indoor residual spraying, and prompt diagnosis using rapid test kits at primary healthcare clinics. Concurrently, public health campaigns educate families on eliminating stagnant water around households where Anopheles mosquitoes breed. When combined with improved access to clean drinking water and sanitary infrastructure, community-level preventive initiatives drastically reduce infant mortality rates and enhance national productivity. Which of the following best encapsulates the central argument of Text 5?

• APreventive healthcare and vector control are vital, cost-effective strategies for reducin…
• BTreating illness in tertiary hospitals is the only reliable way to improve public health
• CMosquito nets are ineffective and should be replaced with industrial chemicals exclusively
• DStagnant water has no relationship with vector-borne disease transmission

According to Text 5 (Community Health and Disease Prevention), why are families advised to eliminate stagnant water around their homes?

• ATo prevent Anopheles mosquitoes from breeding in nearby water collections
• BTo increase the salinity of local soil for agricultural planting
• CTo store rainwater for dry winter months without treatment
• DTo cool surrounding ambient air temperatures during summer

In the context of Text 5, what is the rhetorical function of the phrase 'When combined with improved access to clean drinking water...'?

• ATo contradict the effectiveness of mosquito nets
• BTo introduce an additional, complementary factor that amplifies positive public health ou…
• CTo argue that vector control is obsolete and unscientific
• DTo conclude that healthcare policy has failed completely

Which broader societal outcome is linked to effective community health programs in Text 5?

• ADrastic reduction in infant mortality rates and enhanced national productivity
• BImmediate doubling of national fuel consumption
• CComplete elimination of all medical training institutions
• DDecline in agricultural exports across neighboring regions

Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentence: 'Although many scientific theories are complex, Teresa ________ the core concepts of physics and ________ in her ability to pass the final examination.'

• Ais understanding / is believing
• Bunderstands / believes
• Cunderstand / believe
• Dhas understood / was believing

Complete the sentence with the appropriate tense: 'Dr. Neto ________ several research articles on renewable energy in Angola since he graduated in 2018.'

• Ahas published
• Bpublished
• Cwas publishing
• Dhad published

Select the correct option to complete the sentence: 'The engineering team is exhausted because they ________ on the hydraulic turbine project all morning without a break.'

• Ahave been working
• Bworked
• Care working
• Dhad worked

Choose the correct combination of tenses: 'While the laboratory technician ________ the chemical solution, the power in the building suddenly ________.'

• Aanalyzed / was failing
• Bwas analyzing / failed
• Cis analyzing / fails
• Dhad analyzed / had failed

Fill in the blank with the correct tense: 'By the time the international inspectors arrived at the port of Luanda, the cargo ship ________ its containers.'

• Aalready unloaded
• Bhas already unloaded
• Chad already unloaded
• Dwas already unloaded

Choose the most appropriate verb form: 'Before receiving her scholarship to study medicine, Sandra ________ for three consecutive years at a community health clinic in Uíge.'

• Ahas been volunteering
• Bhad been volunteering
• Cvolunteers
• Dwill have volunteered

Which option correctly distinguishes between a spontaneous decision and a prior plan? 'Look at those dark storm clouds gathering over the bay! It ________ rain, so I think I ________ an umbrella.'

• Ais going to / will take
• Bwill / am going to take
• Cis raining / take
• Dshall / took

Complete the sentence with the Future Continuous tense: 'This time tomorrow, the 12th grade candidates ________ their national English examination across the country.'

• Awill write
• Bwill be writing
• Care written
• Dhave written

Choose the correct form to complete the sentence: 'By the end of this decade, the national telecom company ________ high-speed optical fiber to provincial capitals nationwide.'

• Awill have expanded
• Bwill expand
• Cis expanding
• Dhas expanded

Select the correct verb forms for the main and subordinate clauses: 'As soon as the Minister of Education ________ at the venue, the national symposium ________.'

• Awill arrive / begins
• Barrives / will begin
• Carrived / will have begun
• Dis arriving / has begun

Which sentence correctly expresses a habit in the past that is no longer true?

• AManuel is used to walk five kilometers to school every day.
• BManuel used to walk five kilometers to school every day when he lived in the countryside.
• CManuel was used to walk five kilometers to school every day.
• DManuel used to walking five kilometers to school every day.

In a report about a school ceremony, which sentence uses correct subject-verb agreement?

• ANeither the headmaster nor the subject teachers was present at the opening ceremony.
• BNeither the headmaster nor the subject teachers were present at the opening ceremony.
• CEvery one of the submitted essays have grammatical errors.
• DA large group of tourists are arriving on the late flight yesterday.

Choose the correct inverted sentence structure: 'Rarely ________ such rapid infrastructure growth in a single decade.'

• Aa developing nation has experienced
• Bhas a developing nation experienced
• Cexperienced a developing nation
• Dhas experienced a developing nation

Select the correct question tag to complete the sentence: 'Let's review the irregular verbs before the test starts, ________?'

• Adon't we
• Bshall we
• Cwill we
• Daren't we

Choose the correct passive voice sentence: 'The government has built three new technical institutes in Huíla province.' ->

• AThree new technical institutes were built in Huíla province by the government.
• BThree new technical institutes have been built in Huíla province by the government.
• CThree new technical institutes had been built in Huíla province by the government.
• DThree new technical institutes are being built in Huíla province by the government.

Transform the active sentence into the passive voice with a modal verb: 'All industrial companies must strictly observe environmental regulations.' ->

• AEnvironmental regulations must strictly be observed by all industrial companies.
• BEnvironmental regulations must be strictly observed by all industrial companies.
• CEnvironmental regulations are must observed by all industrial companies.
• DEnvironmental regulations must been observed by all industrial companies.

Choose the sentence that uses the correct IMPERSONAL PASSIVE structure:

• AIt is believed that the new railway line will boost regional trade.
• BIt believes that the new railway line will boost regional trade.
• CThe new railway line is believing to boost regional trade.
• DPeople is believed that the new railway line will boost regional trade.

Complete the sentence using the CAUSATIVE structure: 'The school director did not repair the computers himself; he ________ by a certified IT specialist.'

• Ahad them repaired
• Bhad repaired them
• Chad them repair
• Dgot them repair

Choose the most natural passive sentence when making the indirect object the subject: 'The scientific committee awarded Maria the first-place medal.' ->

• AMaria was awarded the first-place medal by the scientific committee.
• BThe first-place medal was awarded Maria by the scientific committee.
• CMaria awarded the first-place medal by the scientific committee.
• DMaria was being awarded the first-place medal by the scientific committee.

Complete the Zero Conditional sentence describing a universal scientific principle: 'At standard atmospheric pressure, if pure water ________ to 0 degrees Celsius, it ________ into solid ice.'

• Acools / freezes
• Bwill cool / freezes
• Cis cooled / freeze
• Dcooled / would freeze

Choose the correct First Conditional sentence with 'unless': 'You will not obtain your graduation certificate ________ you pass all required national examinations.'

• Aunless
• Bif
• Cin case
• Das long as

Complete the Second Conditional sentence: 'If I ________ the Minister of Energy, I ________ priority funding to rural solar mini-grids.'

• Aam / will give
• Bwere / would give
• Cwas / will give
• Dhad been / would have given

Choose the correct Third Conditional structure: 'If the civil engineers ________ the soil instability earlier, the retaining wall ________ during the storm.'

• Adetected / would not collapse
• Bhad detected / would not have collapsed
• Chave detected / will not collapse
• Dhad detected / will not have collapsed

Select the correct MIXED CONDITIONAL sentence (past condition affecting a present state): 'If Paulo ________ more diligently in secondary school, he ________ a qualified civil engineer today.'

• Ahad studied / would be
• Bstudied / would have been
• Chas studied / will be
• Dhad studied / would have been

Which conditional conjunction best completes the sentence? 'You are permitted to borrow the laboratory equipment ________ you return it in clean, undamaged condition by Friday.'

• Aprovided that
• Bin case
• Cunless
• Deven if

Choose the correct sentence expressing a PAST REGRET using 'wish':

• AI wish I studied harder for the biology exam last week.
• BI wish I had studied harder for the biology exam last week.
• CI wish I will study harder for the biology exam last week.
• DI wish I have studied harder for the biology exam last week.

Transform the direct statement into reported speech: Direct: 'I am conducting an experiment on water purification,' the student said. Reported: The student said that he ________ an experiment on water purification.

• Ais conducting
• Bwas conducting
• Chas been conducting
• Dhad conducted

Choose the correct reported wh-question: Direct: 'Where did you find the historical documents about the Kingdom of Kongo?' Reported: The professor asked the student ________ the historical documents about the Kingdom of Kongo.

• Awhere did he find
• Bwhere he had found
• Cwhere had he found
• Dwhere he has found