Paper A Safety
Not publishedof exam
Road SafetyPassenger EngagementPassenger HandlingProfessional ConductIncident Response
Paper B Regulations
Not publishedof exam
Paper C Routes
Not publishedof exam
Quick Facts
- Licence scope
- Taxi and PHC
- Current course
- 12 hours
- Assessment
- Three papers
- Pass rule
- Pass all three
- Numeric pass marks
- Not published
- Exam duration
- Not published
- Paper weights
- Not published
- Minimum age
- 30 years
- Licence validity
- Three years
- Refresher cycle
- Every six years
ABC Papers
A Safety | B Rules | C Routes
A: safety and passengersB: taxi and PHC rulesC: routes and navigation
Course vs Assessment
Course
- Current 12 hours
- Three learning areas
- Approved provider
Assessment
- Three e-test papers
- Pass all three
- LTA-appointed centre
Training time is not exam time
Assessment Map
- Paper A
- Safety and passenger engagement
- Paper B
- Taxi and PHC regulations
- Paper C
- Routes and navigation
- Delivery
- Electronic test
- Test venue
- LTA-appointed test centre
- Completion rule
- Pass all three papers
- Paper weights
- Not published
- Question counts
- Not published
- Per-paper duration
- Not published
- Numeric pass marks
- Not published
Taxi vs PHC Child Restraint
Taxi
- Child-seat exemption
- Can be street-hailed
PHC
- Child restraint required
- Below 1.35 metres
- Book suitable service
Vehicle type controls exemption
Safety + Passenger Care
- Driver conduct
- Civil and orderly
- Boarding safety
- Protect entering passengers
- Alighting safety
- Protect exiting passengers
- Premature termination
- Needs reasonable excuse
- Taxi child restraint
- Taxi exemption applies
- PHC child restraint
- Required below 1.35 metres
- Folded wheelchair
- Taxi boot accommodates
- Inward recording
- LTA permission required
- Lost property
- Deposit promptly as prescribed
- Passenger harassment
- Prohibited
Fare Four
Flag-down | Distance-time | Surcharges | Booking
F: flag-downD: distance and timeS: surchargesB: booking fee
TDVL vs PDVL
TDVL
- Drive taxis
- Drive PHCs
- Street-hail possible
PDVL
- Drive PHCs only
- Bookings only
- No street-hail
TDVL covers both vehicle types
Application Path
- Starting application→Check six requirements(Age citizenship licence English)
- Requirements met→Apply through GoBusiness(Upload required proof)
- ATC received→Complete medical and X-ray(Doctor uses HMER)
- Medical accepted→Register approved course(Present ATC and acceptance)
- Course completed→Take Papers A/B/C(Pass all three)
- Any paper failed→Book re-assessment(Keep passed certificates)
- All papers passed→Receive temporary VL(Same day)
- After passing→Check Singpass(Digital VL within 20 days)
Eligibility + Application
- Minimum age
- 30 at application
- Citizenship
- Singapore Citizen
- Driving licence
- Class 3 or 3A
- Driving experience
- More than one year
- English
- Speak and read basic English
- Self-employed MediSave
- Contributions up-to-date
- Criminal record
- Clean record required
- Application portal
- GoBusiness
- English proof
- D7 or WPLN Level 3
- LTA approval
- ATC letter
VLPS Ladder
Ten two | Fifteen four | Twenty eight
6-10: two weeks11-15: four weeks16-20: eight weeksAbove 20: possible revocation
Street-Hail vs Ride-Hail
Street-Hail
- Taxi only
- Metered fare
- Road or taxi stand
Ride-Hail
- Taxi or PHC
- Phone or app booking
- Flat fare may apply
Hail mode controls fare method
Fare + Meter Path
- Street-hail journey→Use metered fare(Published surcharges apply)
- App flat fare→Use upfront amount(Operator displays it)
- Everyone boarded→Accept hiring then start(Never start early)
- Hiring terminates→Stop meter(Stop immediately)
- Route not specified→Shortest direct route(Absent reasonable cause)
- Passenger requests route→Confirm preference(Avoid later dispute)
- Fare collected→Issue journey receipt(Include required details)
- Fare uncertainty→Check published policy(Never improvise charges)
Medical + Issuance
- Initial medical
- Medical check and chest X-ray
- HMER
- Doctor submits digitally
- HMER effective
- 2 February 2026
- ATC processing
- About 15 working days
- Application fee
- $40 non-refundable
- Temporary VL
- Issued same passing day
- Digital VL
- Singpass within 20 working days
- Standard validity
- Three years
- Age 67 onward
- Validity may shorten
- Statutory age limit
- 75 years
Application Sequence
Apply | Medical | Train | Pass
Apply: GoBusinessMedical: HMER and X-rayTrain: approved providerPass: all three papers
Metered vs Flat Fare
Metered
- Street-hail required
- Distance and time
- Published surcharges
Flat Fare
- Ride-hail option
- Shown before booking
- Operator sets amount
Street means meter
Renewal Path
- Renewal notice arrives→Complete listed requirements(Follow notice method)
- Age 50 plus→Complete medical assessment(HMER submission)
- Turning 70/73/74→Pass on-road assessment(Plus medical requirements)
- Active good VLPS→Attend three-hour refresher(When LTA directs)
- Other TDVL record→Attend five-hour refresher(When LTA directs)
- Expired under six months→Renew per notice(Meet outstanding requirements)
- Expired six months-plus→Submit late renewal(LTA assesses application)
- Expired over three years→Submit new application(Renewal unavailable)
Licence Renewal
- Renewal notice
- One to two months early
- Renewed validity
- Three years
- Refresher frequency
- Once every six years
- Active good-record driver
- Three-hour refresher
- Other TDVL holder
- Five-hour refresher
- Age 50 plus
- Medical assessment required
- Turning 70/73/74
- Additional on-road assessment
- Expired under six months
- Renew using notice instructions
- Expired six months-plus
- Late renewal assessment
- Expired over three years
- New application required
Renew vs Reapply
Renew
- Expired under three years
- Late assessment may apply
- Meet notice requirements
Reapply
- Expired over three years
- New application
- Full eligibility applies
Three years changes pathway
P2P Service Rules
- TDVL authority
- Taxi and PHC
- PDVL authority
- PHC only
- Taxi access
- Street-hail and ride-hail
- PHC access
- Ride-hail booking only
- Street-hail fare
- Metered
- Ride-hail flat fare
- Displayed upfront
- Taxi stand
- Reserved for taxis
- P2P stop
- Follow posted access signs
- Car-pool driver
- Maximum two daily trips
- Licensed ride-hail
- Use authorised provider
Active vs Other Refresher
Active Good Record
- Three-hour course
- LTA service record
- Good VLPS record
Other Holder
- Five-hour course
- Follow LTA notice
- Do not self-select
LTA notice decides duration
Fares + Meters
- Fare components
- Flag-down distance time surcharge booking
- Taxi fares
- Companies determine independently
- Meter start
- After boarding and accepted hiring
- Meter stop
- When hiring terminates
- Meter reset
- Never during hiring
- Route duty
- Shortest and most direct
- Reasonable cause
- May justify alternate route
- Fare charged
- Follow published pricing policy
- Journey receipt
- Issue required details
- Unreasonable refusal
- Prohibited
VLPS Consequence Ladder
- Relevant period
- Rolling 24 months
- 1-5 points
- No suspension
- 6-10 points
- Two-week suspension
- 11-15 points
- Four-week suspension
- 16-20 points
- Eight-week suspension
- Above 20 points
- Licence may be revoked
- Expired VL driving
- 21 points
- Taximeter tampering
- 21 points
- Unreasonable taxi refusal
- 6 points
- Wrong pickup location
- 3 points
Legal Stop Scan
Lane | Nine metres | Signs | Stand
Check bus lane hoursClear bus stopObey signs and linesUse designated location
Taxi Stand vs P2P Stop
Taxi Stand
- Taxis queue
- Reserved for taxis
- Enter from rear
P2P Stop
- Shared stopping point
- Follow posted signs
- No taxi queue assumption
Stand reservation differs
Pickup Decision Path
- PHC street-hail request→Do not accept(Bookings only)
- Taxi street hail→Check stopping legality(Outside restricted zones)
- Taxi stand→Taxi queue only(Enter from rear)
- P2P stop→Follow posted access(Check current signage)
- Bus lane operating→Do not stop(Pickup and drop-off barred)
- Near bus stop→Keep nine metres(Minimum clearance)
- No-stop signs or lines→Continue onward(Stopping prohibited)
- Building driveway available→Use driveway(Preferred safe location)
Pickup Restrictions
- Operating bus lane
- No pickup or drop-off
- Bus stop clearance
- Stay nine metres away
- No-stop sign
- Do not stop
- No-stop road line
- Do not stop
- CBD bus lane
- Restrictions apply during operation
- Taxi stand entry
- Enter from rear
- Taxi stand queue
- Move toward front
- Preferred pickup
- Designated stand stop driveway
- Unauthorised location
- Never board or alight
Route Planning Path
- Trip begins→Confirm both locations(Include exact entrances)
- Using street directory→Find index and grid(Trace connecting roads)
- Using digital navigation→Check live conditions(Verify suggested route)
- Several routes exist→Choose shortest direct(Unless reasonably unsuitable)
- CBD or bus lanes→Check operating restrictions(Plan legal stopping)
- Passenger prefers alternative→Confirm requested route(Follow agreed choice)
Expressway Key
- AYE
- Ayer Rajah Expressway
- BKE
- Bukit Timah Expressway
- CTE
- Central Expressway
- ECP
- East Coast Parkway
- KJE
- Kranji Expressway
- KPE
- Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway
- MCE
- Marina Coastal Expressway
- PIE
- Pan Island Expressway
- SLE
- Seletar Expressway
- TPE
- Tampines Expressway
Route Planning
- Origin
- Confirm exact pickup
- Destination
- Confirm exact entrance
- Printed directory
- Use index and grid
- Digital navigation
- Check traffic and closures
- Default route
- Shortest and most direct
- Passenger preference
- Confirm requested alternative
- Current restrictions
- Check before departure
- Navigation device
- Keep current and available
Common Traps
Course is now 12 hours
Effective 24 February 2025 ≠ Old pages may show 16
Pass all three papers
Numeric marks not published ≠ Do not reuse old thresholds
Course time differs from exam
Course: 12 hours ≠ Exam duration: not published
TDVL is broader than PDVL
TDVL: taxi and PHC ≠ PDVL: PHC only
Taxi stand is taxi-only
Taxis may queue ≠ PHCs use permitted pickups
Street-hail fare uses meter
Street-hail: metered ≠ App flat fare: upfront
Start meter after boarding
All passengers aboard ≠ Hiring accepted first
Child restraint rules differ
Taxi exemption applies ≠ PHC below 1.35m requires restraint
VLPS uses rolling window
Relevant period: 24 months ≠ Above 20 may revoke
Long expiry means reapplication
Under three years: renewal pathway ≠ Over three years: new application
Last Minute
- 1.Confirm ATC remains valid
- 2.Bring Singpass and ATC
- 3.Review all three papers
- 4.Paper weights are not published
- 5.Numeric pass marks remain unpublished
- 6.Current course is 12 hours
- 7.Street-hail fare uses meter
- 8.App flat fare appears upfront
- 9.Start meter after boarding
- 10.Stop meter when hiring ends
- 11.Remember nine-metre bus-stop clearance
- 12.Use shortest direct route
- 13.Check current stopping restrictions
- 14.Refresher occurs every six years
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