Road Signs & Signals
Not publishedof exam
Rules of the Road
Not publishedof exam
Right of WayOvertaking RulesRoundaboutsU-TurnsReversing
Defensive Driving
Not publishedof exam
Following DistanceStopping DistanceNight DrivingWet WeatherFog and Dust
Traffic Laws & Licensing
Not publishedof exam
Licence ClassesBAC LimitSeat BeltsMobile PhonesRenewal Cycle
Vehicle Safety & Emergencies
Not publishedof exam
Vehicle ChecksWarning TriangleBrake FailureTyre SafetyAccident Reporting
Quick Facts
- Exam
- DVLA Theory Test
- Body
- DVLA Ghana
- Format
- Computer multiple-choice
- Pass
- 70%, unofficial reported mark
- Time
- Not published by DVLA
- Side
- Right, since 1974
- BAC Limit
- 0.05%
- Renewal
- Every 2 years
Shape + Colour Code
Triangle warns | Red forbids | Blue commands
Triangle: hazard aheadRed circle: must notBlue circle: must doRectangle: informs only
Prohibitory vs Mandatory Signs
Red Circle
- Forbids an action
- Must not do this
- Disobeying is an offence
Blue Circle
- Commands an action
- Must do this
- Same legal force
Red forbids, blue commands
Sign Shape & Colour Picker
- Triangle, red border→Warning sign(Hazard ahead)
- Circle, red border→Prohibitory sign(Must not do)
- Circle, blue fill→Mandatory sign(Must do)
- Red octagon→Stop sign(Full stop always)
- Inverted red triangle→Give Way sign(Yield, stop if needed)
- Rectangle, blue or green→Informatory sign(No order given)
- Grey circle, black slash→End of restriction(Prior rule lapses)
- Number in red circle→Maximum speed(Ceiling, not target)
- Number in blue circle→Minimum speed(Floor, not maximum)
Warning Signs
- Bend Sign
- One curve ahead
- Double Bend
- S-shape, read bottom up
- T-Junction Ahead
- Side road joins
- Roundabout Ahead
- Circle merge coming
- Pedestrian Crossing Ahead
- Slow, may stop
- Children School Sign
- Reduced 30 km/h zone
- Steep Hill Sign
- Use low gear
- Slippery Road Sign
- Ease off controls
- Animals Crossing
- Slow, no hooting
No Parking vs No Stopping
No Parking
- One red slash
- Brief stop allowed
- Pickup or drop-off only
No Stopping
- Red cross shown
- No stop at all
- Not even momentary
Slash permits, cross forbids
Prohibitory & Regulatory Signs
- Stop Sign
- Full stop at lineOctagon
- Give Way Sign
- Yield, stop if neededInverted Triangle
- No Entry
- No vehicle may enter
- No Overtaking
- Ban until sign ends
- No U-Turn
- U-turn banned here
- No Parking
- Brief stop allowed
- No Stopping
- No stop at all
- No Horn
- Silence near hospitals courts
- Max Speed Circle
- Red ceiling number
Solid Line vs Broken Line
Solid Centre Line
- No crossing to overtake
- White or yellow paint
- Binds your own side
Broken Centre Line
- May cross if safe
- Permits overtaking manoeuvre
- Check oncoming traffic first
Solid blocks, broken allows
Mandatory Signs
- Keep Left Right
- Pass on shown side
- Ahead Only
- No turning permitted
- Turn Left Right
- Only that movement legal
- Roundabout Sign
- Circulate, then give way
- Min Speed Circle
- Blue floor number
- Pass Either Side
- Go around obstruction
- Compulsory Path
- Reserved for that user
Max Speed vs Min Speed
Red Circle Number
- Sets a maximum
- Ceiling, not a target
- Speeding above is an offence
Blue Circle Number
- Sets a minimum
- Floor, not a maximum
- Slower obstructs traffic flow
Red ceiling, blue floor
Informatory Signs
- One-Way Sign
- Blue arrow, single direction
- Parking Sign
- Blue square, letter P
- Hospital Sign
- Blue square, letter H
- Dead End Sign
- Road does not continue
- Direction Board
- Town names plus km
- Bus Stop Sign
- Marks boarding point
Signals & Road Markings
- Traffic Light Meanings
- Red stop, amber stop, green go
- Amber Alone
- Stop unless too close
- Police Hand Signal
- Overrides lights and signs
- Solid Centre Line
- No crossing to overtake
- Broken Centre Line
- May cross if safe
- Zebra Crossing
- Stop for pedestrians
Overtake Sequence
Mirror -> Signal -> Manoeuvre -> Return
Mirror: check behindSignal: show intentManoeuvre: pass safelyReturn: signal back right
Stop vs Give Way
Stop Sign
- Full stop always
- Red octagon shape
- No traffic exception
Give Way Sign
- Yield to major road
- Inverted triangle shape
- Stop only if needed
Always halt vs conditional yield
Junction & Roundabout Priority
- Uncontrolled T-junction→Yield to through-road traffic(Terminating road gives way)
- Stop sign present→Full stop at line(Even if road looks empty)
- Give Way sign present→Slow, yield if needed
- Roundabout entry→Yield to circulating traffic(Approaches from your left)
- Turning left across traffic→Yield to all oncoming
- Pedestrian on marked crossing→Stop and let cross
- Traffic lights fail→Treat as uncontrolled junction
- Police officer signals→Obey officer, ignore lights
Right-of-Way Rules
- Uncontrolled T-Junction
- Yield to main road
- Roundabout Entry
- Yield to left traffic
- Marked Crossing
- Pedestrians already crossing priority
- Turning Left
- Yield to oncoming traffic
- Emergency Vehicle
- Pull right and stop
- Stop Sign Rule
- Full halt, always
Overtaking & Manoeuvring
- Overtake Side
- Pass on the left
- MSM Sequence
- Mirror, signal, manoeuvre
- No-Overtake Zones
- Bends, hills, junctions, crossings
- Being Overtaken
- Hold speed, do not accelerate
- U-Turn Rule
- Only where safe, legal
- Reversing Rule
- Reverse in, drive out
- Lane Discipline
- Right lane normal, left passes
Stopping Distance Formula
Thinking + Braking = Stopping
Thinking: reaction timeBraking: tyre gripDouble speed: 4x distanceWet roads: double distance
Following & Stopping Distance
- 2-Second Rule
- Minimum gap, dry roads
- 4-Second Rule
- Minimum gap, wet roads
- Thinking Distance
- Reaction time before braking
- Braking Distance
- Grows with speed squared
- Double Speed Effect
- Roughly quadruples braking distance
- Large-Vehicle Gap
- Extra space, blocked view
Night & Bad-Weather Driving
- Dipped Beam
- Default around other traffic
- Full Beam
- Unlit road, no one ahead
- First Rain Danger
- Most slippery after dry spell
- Aquaplaning Response
- Ease off, hold straight
- Fog Dust Lights
- Dipped beam, never full
- Dazzle Response
- Slow down or stop
Anchor Numbers to Memorize
70% pass | 0.05% BAC | 45m triangle
70%: reported pass mark0.05%: legal BAC limit45m: triangle placement distanceRight-hand traffic since 1974
Theory Test vs In-Traffic Test
Theory Test
- Computerized, 30 questions implied
- 70% pass mark
- Taken first at DVLA
In-Traffic Test
- Practical driving assessment
- After passing the theory test
- Examiner assesses road skills
Knowledge first, skill next
Licence Classes & Ages
- Class A
- Motorcycles, age 18+
- Class B
- Cars, light vehicles, 18+
- Class E
- Heavy commercial, age 21+
- Learner Permit
- Issued with L-plate before tests
- Required Documents
- Licence, registration, roadworthy cert, insurance
- Ghana Card
- Required ID for licensing
Licence Renewal Cycle
Renew 2yr | Replace 6yr
Renew: every 2 yearsReplace: card every 6 yearsEye test: required each renewal
Traffic Laws & Alcohol Rules
- BAC Limit
- 0.05% or more
- Mobile Phone Rule
- Hand-held use banned
- Seat Belt Rule
- Driver and passengers wear belts
- Licence Renewal
- Every two years
- Card Replacement
- Every six years
Warning Sign vs Warning Triangle
Warning Sign
- Fixed roadside sign
- Warns of a hazard
- Advisory, not equipment
Warning Triangle
- Portable safety device
- Placed 45m from vehicle
- Required breakdown equipment
Sign warns, triangle alerts
Breakdown & Emergency Response
- Vehicle breaks down→Move off carriageway(Hazard lights, triangle 45m)
- Brakes fail→Pump pedal, downshift gears(Then apply handbrake)
- Tyre blows out→Grip wheel, ease off(Coast to a stop)
- Engine overheats→Pull over, switch off(Never open hot radiator)
- Accelerator sticks→Select neutral, brake firmly
- After any crash→Stop, warn traffic, assist
- Reporting a crash→Report to nearest police(As soon as possible)
Vehicle Checks & Traps
- Daily Walkaround
- Tires, brakes, lights, mirrors
- Tyre Mixing Trap
- Never mix radial, cross-ply
- Hot Radiator Trap
- Never open, scalding steam
- Fire Extinguisher
- Recharge every six months
- Required Kit
- Two triangles, first aid, extinguisher
Breakdowns & Emergencies
- Warning Triangle
- Placed 45m front and behind
- Brake Failure
- Pump pedal, downshift gears
- Tyre Blowout
- Grip wheel, ease off
- Overheating Engine
- Pull over, switch off
- Accident Report
- Nearest police station, promptly
- Emergency Numbers
- 112 national, 193 ambulance
Common Traps
Sign Shape Sets Category
Read shape and colour first ≠ Symbol confirms category second
Rectangle vs Legal Order
Rectangle only informs ≠ Circle commands or forbids
Give Way Is Not Stop
Give Way yields, stops if needed ≠ Stop sign always halts fully
Study Split Is Not Official
DVLA publishes no weighting ≠ Site split is planning only
Road Sign vs Safety Triangle
Sign warns of a hazard ≠ Triangle alerts other drivers
Renewal Differs From Replacement
Licence renews every 2 years ≠ Card replaces every 6 years
Class B and Class E Ages
Classes A and B need 18 ≠ Class E needs age 21
Last Minute
- 1.30 questions implied; DVLA time unpublished
- 2.Pass mark 70% (unofficial source)
- 3.Ghana drives on the right
- 4.BAC limit is 0.05%
- 5.Urban limit 50; school zones 30
- 6.Motorway limit 100; rural roads 90
- 7.Triangle sign warns; device alerts traffic
- 8.Red circle forbids; blue circle commands
- 9.Stop sign always requires full halt
- 10.At roundabouts, yield to the left
- 11.Warning triangles: 45m front and behind
- 12.Licence renews 2yr; card replaces 6yr
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