Rights + Responsibilities
20%of exam
Canada's History
25%of exam
How We Govern
15%of exam
Geography + Regions
20%of exam
ProvincesTerritoriesCapitalsRegionsOceans
Symbols, Economy, Justice
20%of exam
National symbolsAnthemEconomyJustice systemInstitutions
Quick Facts
- Exam
- Citizenship Test
- Issuer
- IRCC
- Questions
- 20 multiple-choice
- Pass
- 15/20 (75%)
- Time
- 45 minutes
- Ages
- 18-54 must take
- Source
- Discover Canada
- Format
- Online, proctored
Rights vs Responsibilities
Rights
- Mobility, voting
- Free expression
- Equality
Responsibilities
- Obey law
- Vote, jury
- Help community
Granted vs owed
Charter Rights
- Mobility
- Live, work anywhere
- Fundamental freedoms
- Speech, religion, assembly
- Equality
- Equal before law
- Legal rights
- Fair trial, counsel
- Official language
- English or French
- Aboriginal rights
- Treaty rights protected1982
- Multiculturalism
- Cultural heritage valued
Responsibilities
- Obey the law
- No one above
- Vote
- In elections
- Jury duty
- Serve when called
- Help others
- Community, charity
- Protect heritage
- Environment, history
- Pay taxes
- Income and goods
- Defend Canada
- Optional military service
Aboriginal Groups
First Nations | Inuit | Metis
First Nations: largestInuit: ArcticMetis: mixed ancestry
First Nations vs Metis
First Nations
- Indian Act peoples
- Largest group
- Many nations
Metis
- Mixed ancestry
- Michif language
- Prairies roots
Distinct constitutional groups
Aboriginal Peoples
- First Nations
- Largest group
- Inuit
- Arctic peoples
- Metis
- Mixed ancestry
- Constitution 1982
- Recognizes three groups
- Residential schools
- Apology issued 2008
- Treaties
- Crown-Indigenous agreements
Key Dates
- 1604
- First French settlement
- 1867
- ConfederationJuly 1
- 1885
- Railway completed
- 1918
- Women's federal vote
- 1931
- Statute of Westminster
- 1982
- Charter, Constitution patriated
Wars + Service
- Vimy Ridge
- 1917 WWI victory
- Remembrance Day
- November 11
- Poppy
- War remembrance symbol
- D-Day
- Juno Beach 1944
- Peacekeeping
- Lester Pearson, UN
- Victoria Cross
- Highest military honour
Three Branches
Executive | Legislative | Judicial
Executive: PM, CabinetLegislative: ParliamentJudicial: courts
Commons vs Senate
House of Commons
- Elected MPs
- Represents ridings
- Confidence votes
Senate
- Appointed senators
- Regional review
- Sober second thought
Elected vs appointed
Which Government Level
- National defence→Federal(Ottawa)
- Citizenship, currency→Federal(Nationwide)
- Education, health→Provincial(Province-run)
- Highways, policing→Provincial(Within province)
- Garbage, recreation→Municipal(Local council)
- Water, fire service→Municipal(City/town)
Three Branches
- Executive
- PM and Cabinet
- Legislative
- Parliament makes law
- Judicial
- Courts apply law
- Sovereign
- King, head of state
- Governor General
- King's representative
- Prime Minister
- Head of government
Government Levels
Federal | Provincial | Municipal
Federal: nationwideProvincial: provinceMunicipal: local
Governor General vs PM
Governor General
- King's representative
- Head of state role
- Royal assent
Prime Minister
- Head of government
- Leads Cabinet
- Sets policy
Represents vs governs
How A Bill Becomes Law
- Bill proposed→First reading(Introduced)
- Debated→Second reading(Principle vote)
- Reviewed→Committee stage(Amendments)
- Final debate→Third reading(Commons vote)
- Reviewed again→Senate(Passes both houses)
- Signed→Royal assent(Becomes law)
Parliament + Elections
- House of Commons
- Elected MPs
- Senate
- Appointed senators
- MP
- Member of Parliament
- Riding
- Electoral district
- Secret ballot
- Private vote
- Three levels
- Federal, provincial, municipal
Who Holds The Role
- Head of state→The Sovereign(King Charles III)
- Sovereign's rep→Governor General(Federal)
- Head of government→Prime Minister(Leads Cabinet)
- Provincial rep→Lieutenant Governor(Per province)
- Provincial leader→Premier(Provincial head)
- Runs elections→Elections Canada(Independent)
Three Oceans
Atlantic | Pacific | Arctic
Atlantic: eastPacific: westArctic: north
Federal vs Provincial
Federal
- Defence, currency
- Citizenship
- Foreign affairs
Provincial
- Education, health
- Highways
- Natural resources
Nationwide vs province
Provinces + Capitals
- Ontario
- Toronto
- Quebec
- Quebec City
- British Columbia
- Victoria
- Alberta
- Edmonton
- Nova Scotia
- Halifax
- Manitoba
- Winnipeg
- Canada
- Ottawa, capital
Province vs Territory
Province
- Ten total
- Own powers
- Constitutional
Territory
- Three total
- Federal-delegated powers
- Northern
Ten vs three
Regions + Territories
- Atlantic
- Four eastern provinces
- Prairies
- Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba
- Central
- Ontario, Quebec
- North
- Three territories
- Yukon
- Whitehorse
- Nunavut
- Iqaluit, Inuit majority
- Three oceans
- Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic
Symbols + Economy
- Maple leaf
- On national flag
- O Canada
- National anthem
- Beaver
- Official animal
- Coat of arms
- A mari usque ad mare
- Free market
- Trade-based economy
- Three sectors
- Service, manufacturing, natural resources
- Loonie
- One-dollar coin
Common Traps
Provinces vs territories
Ten provinces ≠ Three territories
Head of state vs government
Sovereign is state ≠ PM is government
Commons vs Senate
MPs are elected ≠ Senators appointed
Rights vs responsibilities
Rights are granted ≠ Responsibilities are owed
Federal vs provincial
Defence is federal ≠ Health is provincial
Capital confusion
Ottawa is national ≠ Toronto is Ontario
Last Minute
- 1.Pass with 15 of 20 correct
- 2.Confederation was July 1, 1867
- 3.First PM: Sir John A. Macdonald
- 4.Ten provinces, three territories
- 5.National capital is Ottawa
- 6.Two official languages: English, French
- 7.Charter entrenched in 1982 Constitution
- 8.Aboriginal groups: First Nations, Inuit, Metis
- 9.Bill becomes law at royal assent
- 10.Remembrance Day is November 11
- 11.Three branches: Executive, Legislative, Judicial
- 12.King is head of state
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