Defamation (Libel & Slander)

Defamation is a tort involving publication of false statement of fact to third party that damages reputation, divided into libel (written) and slander (spoken).

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Exam Tip

SLANDER per se: Crime, Loathsome disease, Business, Unchastity - "CLUB" someone's reputation.

What is Defamation?

Defamation protects reputation from false factual statements.

Essential Elements

ElementDescription
False Statement of FactNot opinion or true
PublicationTo at least one third party
About PlaintiffReasonably understood to refer
FaultNegligence or actual malice
DamagesHarm to reputation

Libel vs. Slander

TypeFormDamages
LibelWritten, broadcastPresumed
SlanderOralProve special damages (unless per se)

Slander Per Se (Presumed Damages)

  • Crime involving moral turpitude
  • Loathsome disease
  • Business/profession attack
  • Unchastity

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