Excerpt from 'The Great Green Wall: Africa's Ecological Shield'
Spanning nearly 5,000 miles across the entire breadth of the African continent—from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east—the Great Green Wall is one of the most ambitious environmental initiatives in human history. Launched in 2007 by the African Union, this massive restoration project aims to combat desertification, land degradation, and severe drought across the Sahel region, a fragile semi-arid belt bordering the Sahara Desert. Decades of overgrazing, deforestation, and climate variability transformed millions of acres of fertile savanna into barren dust bowls, displacing agrarian communities and threatening food security for over 130 million people. Rather than constructing a literal wall of trees, the modern initiative focuses on sustainable land management, restoring degraded ecosystems through native agroforestry, soil conservation, and rainwater harvesting. By planting drought-resistant species such as Acacia and Baobab, participating nations are creating a mosaic of green landscapes that trap moisture, replenish depleted water tables, and sequester carbon.
According to the passage, how does the modern Great Green Wall initiative differ from a traditional 'wall' concept?
- AIt relies on a flexible mosaic of sustainable land practices and native planting rather t…
- BIt uses synthetic plastic sheets to cover desert sand dunes instead of planting living ve…
- CIt is restricted to a small urban garden inside the capital city of Senegal.
- DIt requires building tall stone fortresses to block desert wind currents.