FAA PPP Knowledge Test — Private Pilot Powered Parachute

Under 14 CFR Part 61, what restriction applies to a Private Pilot with a Powered Parachute rating regarding the carriage of passengers for compensation or hire?

• AA private pilot may not act as pilot in command of a powered parachute that is carrying p…
• BA private pilot may carry passengers for hire provided the flight is conducted within 25…
• CA private pilot may charge passengers a flight fee that exceeds the pro rata share of ope…
• DA private pilot may carry passengers for compensation only if holding a Second-Class medi…

What medical certification or documentation is required for a pilot to exercise the privileges of a Private Pilot Certificate in a powered parachute under 14 CFR § 61.23?

• AEither a valid FAA Medical Certificate or a valid U.S. driver's license satisfying specif…
• BMust hold an unrestricted First-Class Medical Certificate issued within the preceding 12…
• COnly an FAA Third-Class Medical Certificate is authorized; driver's licenses cannot be us…
• DNo medical certificate or driver's license is required under any circumstances for powere…

To maintain passenger-carrying recency of experience in a powered parachute, what minimum flight experience must a private pilot complete within the preceding 90 days under 14 CFR § 61.57?

• A3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop in a powered parachute of the same category and…
• B5 touch-and-go landings in any light-sport aircraft category within the preceding 60 days
• C1 hour of flight time and 3 touch-and-go landings in any powered aircraft
• D3 takeoffs and 3 landings in any aircraft category, regardless of class or type

What is the minimum age required by 14 CFR § 61.103 to be eligible for the issuance of a Private Pilot Certificate with a Powered Parachute rating?

• A17 years of age
• B16 years of age
• C18 years of age
• D21 years of age

To act as pilot in command of a powered parachute, a private pilot must have accomplished a flight review within the preceding 24 calendar months under 14 CFR § 61.56. What does this flight review consist of?

• AA minimum of 1 hour of ground instruction and 1 hour of flight training with an authorize…
• BA 30-minute oral quiz and 3 full-stop landings without an instructor endorsement required
• CA 2-hour practical flight test administered by an FAA Designated Pilot Examiner
• DA minimum of 5 hours of solo cross-country flight logged within the 24-month period

Under 14 CFR § 91.119, what is the minimum safe altitude requirement for operating a powered parachute over a congested area of a city, town, or settlement?

• AAn altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000…
• BAn altitude of 500 feet above the surface or no closer than 500 feet to any person, vesse…
• CAn altitude of 2,000 feet AGL regardless of obstacle clearance or horizontal radius
• DPowered parachutes are exempt from minimum safe altitude rules if operated at speeds belo…

Under 14 CFR § 91.17, what are the alcohol consumption limitations for acting as a crewmember of a powered parachute?

• AWithin 8 hours after consuming any alcoholic beverage, or while having an alcohol concent…
• BWithin 12 hours after consuming alcohol, or while having an alcohol concentration of 0.08…
• CWithin 24 hours after consuming any alcohol, regardless of blood alcohol concentration
• DWithin 4 hours after consuming alcohol, provided blood alcohol concentration is below 0.0…

When two aircraft of different categories are converging at approximately the same altitude (except head-on), which aircraft has the right-of-way over a powered parachute under 14 CFR § 91.113?

• ABalloons, gliders, and airships all have the right-of-way over a powered parachute
• BA powered parachute has the right-of-way over all other aircraft categories including gli…
• CAirplanes and rotorcraft have right-of-way over powered parachutes because of their highe…
• DPowered parachutes and gliders have equal right-of-way regardless of convergence angle

What is the minimum VFR fuel reserve requirement for a powered parachute operating during daytime VFR conditions under 14 CFR § 91.151?

• ASection 91.151 prescribes none for a powered parachute, because paragraph (a) covers airp…
• BEnough fuel to fly to the destination plus a 15-minute reserve at maximum throttle setting
• CEnough fuel for 45 minutes of flight past the destination point under daytime conditions
• DEnough fuel to fly to the first point of intended landing and thereafter for at least 30…

What are the daytime basic VFR weather minimums (flight visibility and distance from clouds) for operating a powered parachute in Class G airspace below 1,200 feet AGL?

• A1 statute mile flight visibility and clear of clouds
• B3 statute miles flight visibility, 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horiz…
• C5 statute miles flight visibility, 1,000 feet above and 1,000 feet below clouds
• D3 statute miles flight visibility and clear of clouds only if operating within a control…

What are the VFR flight visibility and cloud clearance requirements for operating a powered parachute in Class E airspace below 10,000 feet MSL under 14 CFR § 91.155?

• A3 statute miles visibility; 500 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 2,000 feet horizontal f…
• B1 statute mile visibility; clear of clouds regardless of altitude
• C3 statute miles visibility; clear of clouds for all altitudes below 10,000 feet MSL
• D5 statute miles visibility; 1,000 feet below, 1,000 feet above, and 1 statute mile horizo…

Prior to operating a powered parachute within Class D airspace, what specific requirement must the pilot in command satisfy under 14 CFR § 91.129?

• AEstablish two-way radio communications with the Air Traffic Control (ATC) facility provid…
• BObtain a written authorization permit from the airport manager at least 24 hours prior to…
• CFile an IFR flight plan and maintain continuous squawk on Mode C code 4000
• DNo communication is required if flight is conducted more than 2 miles from the primary ai…

In accordance with 14 CFR § 91.215 and § 91.225, under what airspace condition is an operational Mode C transponder and ADS-B Out equipment required for a powered parachute?

• AWithin Class A, Class B, and Class C airspace, and within the 30-nautical-mile Mode C Vei…
• BOnly when flying above 18,000 feet MSL or within 5 nautical miles of an international bor…
• CRequired for all powered parachute operations in any airspace classification during both…
• DMode C transponders are strictly prohibited on light-sport powered parachutes due to radi…

What is the primary difference between a Restricted Area and a Prohibited Area regarding pilot entry permissions under 14 CFR Part 73?

• AEntry into a Restricted Area is permitted if controlling agency permission is obtained, w…
• BProhibited Areas permit VFR flight during daylight hours, while Restricted Areas require…
• CRestricted Areas are established for commercial airline routes, while Prohibited Areas ar…
• DNo permission is needed to enter Restricted Areas on weekends, but Prohibited Areas requi…

Under NTSB Part 830, which of the following events requires immediate notification to the nearest National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) field office?

• AAn inflight fire or collision of aircraft in flight resulting in substantial damage
• BA minor ground prop-strike resulting in a chipped wooden propeller blade
• CA total canopy line tangle during ground inflation prior to engine start
• DA planned off-field landing in an open pasture due to low fuel supply

To satisfy 14 CFR § 91.409 maintenance inspection requirements, how often must a powered parachute holding a standard or special airworthiness certificate undergo an inspection to remain airworthy?

• AWithin the preceding 12 calendar months (Annual inspection)
• BEvery 50 flight hours logged in the aircraft maintenance logbook
• CEvery 24 calendar months along with the altimeter system test
• DOnly after an engine overhaul or canopy line replacement

Under 14 CFR § 61.51, what details must a private pilot log when recording flight time in a powered parachute to substantiate currency or progress toward a higher rating?

• ADate, total flight time, departure and arrival locations, aircraft category/class/make/mo…
• BEngine oil pressure readings, fuel consumption rate, and ambient temperature at takeoff
• CNames of all passengers on board and exact GPS latitude/longitude coordinates of each lan…
• DOnly the total flight hours signed by an FAA air traffic controller after each landing

What maximum takeoff gross weight applies to a powered parachute flown under sport pilot privileges today?

• ANone. Section 61.316 sets performance and design criteria such as a 45-knot CAS stall spe…
• B1,320 pounds (600 kilograms)
• C1,430 pounds (650 kilograms)
• D1,500 pounds (680 kilograms)

Under 14 CFR § 91.103, what preflight action is required of a pilot in command prior to initiating any flight not in the vicinity of an airport?

• ABecome familiar with all available information concerning that flight, including weather…
• BFile an official VFR flight plan with the nearest Flight Service Station and obtain a wri…
• CPerform a complete engine teardown inspection and canopy porosity laboratory test
• DNotify the local sheriff's department and state aviation board 12 hours prior to engine s…

According to 14 CFR § 91.207, are powered parachutes required to carry an Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)?

• ANo. Section 91.207(a) is written for airplanes, so it does not reach a powered parachute,…
• BYes, an operational 406 MHz ELT must be installed on all powered parachutes regardless of…
• COnly if flying more than 10 nautical miles from the home airfield during night operations
• DELTs are required on powered parachutes only when operating in Class B airspace

What primary mechanism allows a ram-air flexible wing canopy on a powered parachute to maintain its airfoil shape during flight?

• ARam-air pressure entering open cells on the leading edge inflates the canopy and creates…
• BInternal aluminum ribs and flexible fiberglass battens maintain rigid structure
• CHigh-pressure compressed air stored in cart tanks continuously inflates the canopy cells
• DCentrifugal force from cart rotation forces air into sealed trailing-edge pockets

In level flight, what is the primary aerodynamic result when the pilot increases engine throttle on a powered parachute?

• AThe aircraft enters a climb while trim airspeed remains relatively constant
• BThe aircraft accelerates dramatically in level flight with no change in altitude
• CThe canopy angle of attack decreases rapidly causing a nose-down dive
• DThe wing inflates further causing the trim airspeed to decrease by 50 percent

How does pulling a steering toggle or pressing a foot steering bar cause a powered parachute to execute a turn?

• AIt deflects the trailing edge of the canopy on that side downward, increasing drag and li…
• BIt pivots the engine thrust vector left or right relative to the cart chassis
• CIt shifts the physical cart weight laterally along the main axle to tilt the center of gr…
• DIt changes the propeller blade pitch angle on one side of the propeller arc

What aerodynamic feature provides inherent roll and pitch stability in a powered parachute during flight?

• APendulum stability created by locating the heavy cart center of gravity well below the ca…
• BDihedral wing tips combined with high wing loading rigid leading-edge spars
• CHigh forward trim speed which overrides all turbulent air disturbances
• DAutomatic electronic gyro stabilization systems built into the riser attachments

What occurs to a powered parachute's rate of descent when the pilot reduces engine throttle to idle while maintaining neutral steering controls?

• AThe aircraft enters a stable power-off glide at its trim airspeed while rate of descent i…
• BThe canopy immediately collapses due to complete loss of ram-air internal pressure
• CThe aircraft pitches nose-up steeply and enters an aerodynamic tail slide
• DAirspeed decreases to zero and the cart parachutes vertically straight down

During the landing flare of a powered parachute, what aerodynamic changes occur when both steering controls are pulled down smoothly and symmetrically?

• ACanopy angle of attack and lift temporarily increase, reducing forward speed and rate of…
• BCanopy airspeed increases while angle of attack decreases, causing a steep dive into the…
• CThe canopy immediately deflates from trailing-edge drag and drops behind the cart
• DThe engine RPM automatically increases to maintain altitude above the runway

How does an increase in canopy aspect ratio affect the flight characteristics of a powered parachute?

• AHigher aspect ratio improves glide ratio and aerodynamic efficiency, but increases sensit…
• BHigher aspect ratio lowers glide efficiency and doubles the trim airspeed
• CHigher aspect ratio makes the canopy immune to aerodynamic stalls and collapses
• DAspect ratio has no influence on glide ratio or handling in flexible wings

What cause can trigger a full aerodynamic stall or canopy collapse on a powered parachute in flight?

• AExcessive, deep, and prolonged pulling of both steering controls beyond critical angle of…
• BFlying at full engine power in calm, smooth air at low elevation
• CExecuting a gentle shallow turn into a light headwind
• DDecreasing cart payload weight below maximum gross weight limits

How does the vertical location of the engine thrust line relative to the cart hang points affect pitch moment during rapid application of full power?

• AIf the thrust line is below the hang points, adding power creates a pitch-up moment on th…
• BIf the thrust line is below the hang points, adding power causes an immediate pitch-down…
• CThrust line height has zero effect on cart pitch orientation because of pendulum stability
• DA thrust line above the hang points causes the cart to pitch up and stall the propeller

What causes adverse yaw when initiating a turn in a powered parachute, and how does the pilot compensate?

• ADeflecting the steering toggle increases drag on the inside wing section; smooth control…
• BEngine torque pushes the cart in the opposite direction of the turn requiring rudder trim…
• CGyroscopic precession from the heavy propeller tilts the cart nose down during left turns
• DAdverse yaw does not occur in flexible wing aircraft because there are no ailerons

What is the direction of the relative wind acting on a powered parachute canopy during a steady power-off glide in calm air?

• AParallel and opposite to the flight path of the canopy
• BDirectly perpendicular to the ground surface regardless of descent angle
• CParallel to the earth's horizon at all times
• DAligned with the engine propeller axis regardless of glide angle

What determines the un-factored hands-off trim speed of a specific powered parachute canopy design?

• ACanopy profile geometry, line cascade length settings, and total wing loading (gross weig…
• BEngine horsepower rating and reduction drive ratio setting
• CPropeller pitch angle and cart wheel track width
• DAltimeter barometric setting and steering bar spring tension

What effect does increasing bank angle in a steep turn have on total load factor and stall speed of a powered parachute wing?

• ALoad factor increases, which increases effective wing loading and raises the stall speed
• BLoad factor decreases, which lowers the stall speed and increases climb rate
• CLoad factor remains constant at 1.0 G regardless of bank angle
• DStall speed decreases while load factor increases proportionally to wind speed

What is asymmetric cell deflation in a ram-air wing, and how can a pilot prevent it?

• ACollapse of outer cells on one wing tip caused by flying in severe turbulence or abrupt c…
• BLoss of engine power in two-stroke engines; prevented by adjusting carburetor jets
• COver-inflation of center canopy cells during high-speed dives; prevented by applying full…
• DFuel tank starvation in steep turns; prevented by installing dual electric fuel pumps

What is the typical unpowered lift-to-drag (L/D) glide ratio of a standard rectangular powered parachute canopy?

• AApproximately 3:1 to 4:1
• BApproximately 12:1 to 15:1
• CApproximately 20:1 to 25:1
• DApproximately 1:1 to 1.5:1

What is the purpose of cross-port ventilation holes cut into internal canopy cell ribs of a ram-air powered parachute wing?

• ATo allow internal air pressure to equalize across adjacent cells and aid spanwise canopy…
• BTo vent excess engine exhaust gases away from the pilot seating area
• CTo provide drain outlets for rain water collecting on top of the upper surface fabric
• DTo allow steering lines to pass directly through the interior of the wing cells

How does operating a powered parachute near its maximum takeoff weight affect its trim speed and climb rate compared to operating at a light weight?

• ATrim speed increases slightly and rate of climb decreases
• BTrim speed decreases significantly and rate of climb increases
• CTrim speed and rate of climb both increase dramatically
• DOperating weight has zero impact on climb rate or trim speed

What canopy behavior occurs immediately after a pilot rapidly chops the engine throttle from full power to idle in flight?

• AThe cart slows down instantly while the canopy surges forward overhead due to momentum, t…
• BThe canopy pitches backward steeply behind the cart and enters an inverted spin
• CThe canopy immediately deflates completely and falls onto the propeller cage
• DThe cart pitches upward 45 degrees while the canopy trim speed doubles

What is ground effect, and how does it influence a powered parachute during touchdown?

• AInduced drag decreases within one wingspan of the surface, creating a temporary cushion t…
• BGround effect causes an immediate canopy collapse due to high surface pressure
• CGround effect doubles the engine RPM when within 10 feet of the surface
• DGround effect causes the cart to yaw violently into the wind regardless of control inputs

Why is maintaining appropriate slack (free-play) in steering lines critical during hands-off trim flight?

• AToo-tight steering lines partially pull down trailing edges, increasing unwanted drag and…
• BToo-tight steering lines cause the engine to overheat due to electrical ground loops
• CSlack in steering lines allows the canopy to detach completely during high-speed turns
• DFree-play prevents rain water from entering the hollow steering control cables

In a two-stroke aviation engine using pre-mixed fuel, what is the primary function of adding two-stroke oil directly to the gasoline?

• ATo lubricate the crankshaft bearings, connecting rods, and cylinder walls as the fuel-air…
• BTo increase the octane rating of the fuel and prevent carburetor icing
• CTo cool the exhaust muffler and prevent spark plug gap erosion
• DTo seal the fuel tank vents and prevent evaporation during storage

What is the primary safety purpose of equipping a two-stroke PPC engine (such as a Rotax 582) with a dual ignition system?

• ATo provide electrical redundancy and ensure continued engine operation if one ignition ci…
• BTo allow the engine to run on diesel fuel during emergency long-distance flights
• CTo increase maximum engine RPM by 50 percent during takeoff roll
• DTo automatically restart the engine if it stalls during a steep turn

Why do two-stroke powered parachute engines utilize a reduction gearbox or belt reduction drive between the crankshaft and propeller?

• ATo allow the engine to operate at high power RPM while keeping propeller tip speeds withi…
• BTo reverse the rotational direction of the propeller when landing in crosswinds
• CTo eliminate the need for pre-mixing oil into two-stroke fuel tanks
• DTo disconnect the propeller from the engine during landing glides

What condition causes vapor lock in a powered parachute fuel system, and how can it lead to engine failure?

• AHigh ambient temperatures or hot engine compartments cause fuel to vaporize inside fuel l…
• BCold winter temperatures cause gasoline to freeze inside the gascolator bowl, blocking fu…
• CExcessive oil mixed into the fuel clogs the main jet of the carburetor during high-speed…
• DWater vapor in the air enters the fuel tank vent and dilutes the octane rating to zero

What critical engine operational parameter is monitored using an Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) gauge on a two-stroke PPC engine?

• AAir-fuel mixture ratio (lean versus rich burn condition)
• BPropeller blade pitch angle relative to the hub
• CReduction gearbox oil level and pressure
• DAmbient outside air temperature near the canopy cells

During climbout, an abnormally high reading on the Cylinder Head Temperature (CHT) gauge of an air-cooled engine indicates which potential hazard?

• AEngine overheating, lean fuel mixture, or impending detonation and piston seizure
• BCarburetor icing causing fuel mixture enrichment
• CReduction gearbox oil overfill condition
• DFouling of spark plug electrodes due to excessive oil mix

Under what atmospheric conditions is carburetor icing most likely to occur in a powered parachute engine?

• AOutside air temperatures between 20°F and 70°F (-7°C to 21°C) with high relative humidity…
• BOutside air temperatures below -20°F (-29°C) in dry desert air
• COutside air temperatures above 100°F (38°C) with zero humidity
• DOnly when flying through heavy rain showers at altitudes above 12,000 feet MSL

During preflight ground inspection of the canopy suspension lines, what specific defect must a pilot inspect for?

• ALine fraying, broken inner core fibers, line burns, knots, or incorrect riser attachment…
• BProper inflation pressure measured with a tire pressure gauge
• CRust corrosion along aluminum suspension cables
• DElectrical grounding continuity between steering toggles and battery