FAA FRH Knowledge Test — Flight Instructor Helicopter

A student pilot who consistently blames rough air or instrument miscalibration for poor hovering technique is exhibiting which psychological defense mechanism?

• ARationalization
• BProjection
• CCompensation
• DReaction formation

According to the Aviation Instructor's Handbook, which Law of Learning dictates that a flight instructor must ensure the student's first attempt at hovering is taught and executed correctly?

• ALaw of Effect
• BLaw of Primacy
• CLaw of Readiness
• DLaw of Intensity

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs, a student who is experiencing acute motion sickness during hovering maneuvers will be unable to progress to higher-level learning until which basic need level is satisfied?

• ABelonging and Social Needs
• BSafety and Security Needs
• CPhysiological Needs
• DSelf-Actualization Needs

A student mastering anti-torque pedal inputs during a slope landing maneuver operates primarily within which domain of learning?

• ACognitive Domain
• BAffective Domain
• CReflexive Domain
• DPsychomotor Domain

When a student flight instructor can synthesize weather data, aerodynamic limitations, and helicopter weight & balance to decide independently whether to proceed with high-altitude pinnacle training, they have reached which level of learning?

• ACorrelation
• BRote
• CUnderstanding
• DApplication

An effective flight instructor managing a student exhibiting acute anxiety and abnormal stress during autorotation training should take which initial step?

• APush the student through additional autorotation repetitions to build emotional tolerance
• BTreat the student's anxiety by transferring flight controls and providing calm, construct…
• CIgnore the emotional reaction and focus strictly on flight control inputs
• DImmediately report the student to the FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for psy…

During a preflight briefing, an instructor uses complex engineering acronyms such as 'N2', 'NR', and 'VRS' without defining them, leading to student misunderstanding. This breakdown represents which barrier to effective communication?

• AInterference from physical environment
• BLack of common experience
• CConfusion between the symbol and the symbolized object
• DPassive listening fatigue

What are the four essential steps of the flight teaching process in proper sequential order?

• ABriefing, Flight Demonstration, Debriefing, Endorsement
• BPresentation, Preparation, Critique, Re-evaluation
• CIntroduction, Demonstration, Student Practice, Testing
• DPreparation, Presentation, Application, Review and Evaluation

Which statement best describes a critique that is 'objective' as defined in the Aviation Instructor's Handbook?

• AIt is focused on student performance without personal bias, personal feelings, or instruc…
• BIt compares the student's performance strictly against other students in the flight school
• CIt focuses exclusively on negative student errors to ensure rigorous standard enforcement
• DIt avoids giving direct criticism so the student's confidence remains unaffected

Which of the following is considered the primary responsibility of a flight instructor regarding aviation safety?

• AEnsuring students complete flight training within minimum Part 61 flight hour requirements
• BProviding thorough instruction and maintaining safety of flight at all times while servin…
• CDelegating preflight inspections to students without instructor supervision
• DPrioritizing pass rates on initial practical tests over student decision-making developme…

Under 14 CFR § 61.195, a certificated flight instructor may not conduct more than how many hours of flight instruction in any 24-consecutive-hour period?

• A6 hours
• B10 hours
• C8 hours
• D12 hours

Prior to endorsing a student pilot for their initial solo flight in a helicopter under 14 CFR § 61.87, the flight instructor must ensure the student has completed which requirement?

• AObtained a Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Report
• BLogged a minimum of 20 hours of dual flight instruction in the specific make and model
• CCompleted a night cross-country flight of at least 50 nautical miles
• DPassed a written aeronautical knowledge test administered by the instructor covering Part…

Under 14 CFR § 61.87(n), an initial solo flight endorsement for a student pilot in a helicopter remains valid for what maximum period before requiring renewal?

• A90 calendar days
• B30 calendar days
• C60 calendar days
• D120 calendar days

To renew a student pilot's 90-day solo endorsement under 14 CFR § 61.87(p), what action must the flight instructor take?

• AAdminister a full oral exam and file FAA Form 8710-1 online
• BConduct dual flight instruction to verify proficiency and endorse the student's logbook f…
• CRequest a re-check from a Designated Pilot Examiner
• DSign the endorsement remotely without conducting dual flight training if the student feel…

Under 14 CFR § 61.93, before a student pilot performs a solo cross-country flight in a helicopter, the flight instructor must verify and endorse which specific item?

• AThat the student has completed 10 hours of simulated instrument time
• BThat the student holds an Instrument Rotorcraft Rating
• CThe student's cross-country flight planning, weather review, equipment, and logbook for t…
• DThat the flight will be conducted entirely in Class B airspace

Under 14 CFR § 61.95, what dual flight training and logbook endorsements are required for a student pilot to operate a helicopter solo within Class B airspace?

• ANo specific endorsement is required if the student holds a valid solo endorsement under §…
• BDual ground and flight instruction in that specific Class B airspace area and a logbook e…
• CCompletion of a high-altitude endorsement under 14 CFR § 61.31
• DDual flight instruction in that specific Class B area and a logbook endorsement from an a…

Under SFAR 73 (Special Federal Aviation Regulation No. 73 to Part 61), before a student pilot may conduct solo flight in a Robinson R22 or R44 helicopter, they must complete awareness training covering which specific low-RPM recovery topics?

• AMinimum rotor RPM limits, low rotor RPM decay, blade stall dynamics, mast bumping, and hi…
• BTurbine engine hot-start procedures and FADEC manual override protocols
• CHigh-altitude mountain wave updrafts and oxygen system usage
• DMulti-engine asymmetric thrust emergencies and single-engine failure profiles

What are the minimum flight experience requirements under SFAR 73 for a flight instructor to provide flight instruction in a Robinson R22 helicopter?

• AAt least 100 total rotorcraft flight hours and 10 hours in any piston helicopter
• BAt least 200 total rotorcraft flight hours, including at least 50 flight hours in the Rob…
• C500 total flight hours with no make-and-model requirement
• DCompletion of an FAA DPE flight test in an R22 every 12 calendar months

Under 14 CFR § 61.56, a flight review consists of a minimum of how many hours of ground and flight instruction, and who may endorse the pilot's logbook?

• A2 hours flight and 2 hours ground; endorsed by a DPE only
• B3 hours flight instruction only; endorsed by a Part 141 Chief Instructor
• C1 hour ground and 1 hour flight instruction; endorsed by an authorized flight instructor
• D1 hour ground and 1 hour flight instruction; endorsed by any commercial pilot

Under 14 CFR § 61.189, a certificated flight instructor must retain records of all student solo flight endorsements and practical test endorsements for at least how many years?

• A1 year
• B5 years
• C2 years
• D3 years

Which of the following establishes the recent experience required by 14 CFR § 61.197 to exercise flight instructor privileges?

• APassing an approved Flight Instructor Refresher Course (FIRC) within the preceding 3 cale…
• BSubmitting an application based on a 70% student pass rate on initial practical test endo…
• CCompleting a 10-hour flight refresher course in a turbine helicopter
• DPassing a private pilot practical re-test in a piston helicopter

More than 3 calendar months have passed since the last month of a flight instructor's recent experience period. How may that instructor reinstate flight instructor privileges under 14 CFR § 61.199?

• ABy completing an online FIRC within 12 months of expiration
• BBy passing a flight instructor practical test for one of the ratings held on the expired…
• CBy submitting a written request to the FAA Airman Certification Branch
• DBy logging 50 hours of flight instruction under supervision of a Designated Examiner

Under 14 CFR § 61.109(c), what are the night dual instruction requirements for a Private Pilot Rotorcraft-Helicopter rating applicant?

• A1 hour of night dual cross-country and 5 night solo takeoffs and landings
• B5 hours of night dual instruction with 20 night takeoffs and landings to a full stop
• C3 hours of night flight training in a helicopter including one cross-country flight of ov…
• DNight flight training is optional if the applicant signs a night flight waiver

Under 14 CFR § 61.129(c), a Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft-Helicopter applicant must log at least how many total hours of flight time as a pilot, including helicopter time?

• A250 total flight hours, with 100 hours in helicopters
• B150 total flight hours, with at least 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours mu…
• C200 total flight hours, with at least 150 hours in helicopters
• D150 total flight hours, with 100 hours in helicopters (including 35 hours in pilot-in-com…

Under 14 CFR § 61.39, a flight instructor endorsement certifying that a student has received required training and is prepared for a practical test remains valid for what timeframe?

• A60 calendar days
• B90 calendar days
• C30 calendar days
• D6 calendar months

Under 14 CFR § 61.49, an applicant who fails a knowledge or practical test may reapply for testing only after completing which requirement?

• AWaiting a mandatory 30 days regardless of additional flight training
• BReceiving necessary remedial training from an authorized instructor and obtaining an endo…
• CFiling an appeal with the NTSB Safety Board
• DRetaking all prerequisite written knowledge tests

Under 14 CFR § 91.119, how do minimum safe altitude rules for helicopters differ from fixed-wing aircraft over congested areas?

• AHelicopters are restricted to the exact same 1,000-foot above highest obstacle rule as ai…
• BHelicopters may fly at any altitude provided the pilot maintains continuous visual contac…
• CHelicopters may be operated at less than minimum safe altitudes if the operation is condu…
• DHelicopters are prohibited from flying lower than 2,000 feet AGL over congested cities

Under 14 CFR § 91.155, what are the daytime basic VFR weather minimums for a helicopter operating in Class G airspace at 1,200 feet or less AGL?

• A5 statute miles visibility and 2,000 feet horizontal cloud clearance
• B3 statute miles visibility and 500 feet below clouds
• C1 statute mile flight visibility and clear of clouds
• D1/2 statute mile flight visibility and clear of clouds

Under 14 CFR § 91.157, what are the requirements for conducting Special VFR (SVFR) helicopter operations in controlled airspace at night?

• AClear of clouds and at least 1/2 statute mile flight visibility; no instrument rating or…
• BNight SVFR is strictly prohibited for all helicopter operations under Part 91
• CNight SVFR requires an instrument-rated helicopter pilot and an IFR-equipped helicopter
• DClear of clouds and at least 3 statute miles flight visibility with ATC radar monitoring

What is the primary operational distinction between formative assessment and summative assessment in flight instruction?

• AFormative assessment measures overall learning at the completion of a module, while summa…
• BFormative assessment provides ongoing feedback during the learning process to guide impro…
• CFormative assessment is strictly written, whereas summative assessment is strictly practi…
• DFormative assessment is conducted by FAA examiners, while summative assessment is conduct…

In helicopter rotor dynamics, how is the angle of attack (AOA) of a main rotor blade defined?

• AThe angle between the rotor tip-path plane and the longitudinal axis of the fuselage
• BThe angle between the blade pitch angle and the horizontal datum plane
• CThe angle between the blade chord line and the resultant relative wind
• DThe angle between the collective lever position and swashplate displacement

How does a helicopter main rotor system automatically compensate for dissymmetry of lift in forward flight?

• ABy increasing engine RPM automatically through the mechanical governor
• BBy locking the lead-lag hinges to maintain equal rotor blade spacing
• CBy tilting the tail rotor disc to produce downward thrust
• DThrough main rotor blade flapping, where the advancing blade flaps upward (decreasing AOA…

Due to gyroscopic precession in a main rotor system, maximum aerodynamic response (blade flapping displacement) occurs at what point following a control input force application?

• A90 degrees later in the direction of rotation
• B45 degrees later in the direction of rotation
• C180 degrees opposite the point of force application
• DImmediately at the point of force application

At approximately what forward airspeed does a helicopter transition into Effective Translational Lift (ETL)?

• A5 to 10 knots
• B16 to 24 knots
• C50 to 60 knots
• D30 to 40 knots

Why does Never-Exceed Speed (Vne) in a helicopter decrease with an increase in density altitude?

• ATo prevent advancing blade tip compressibility shockwaves at low Mach numbers
• BTo protect the tail rotor drive shaft from mechanical over-torque
• CTo prevent retreating blade stall, because reduced air density requires higher blade angl…
• DBecause engine power output increases at high density altitude

Which set of flight conditions and cockpit indications best identifies the onset of retreating blade stall in a helicopter?

• ALow speed, high rotor RPM, left roll, and sudden altitude gain
• BSteep steep autorotational descent, low pitch angle, and rapid left pedal drop
• CHover in ground effect, high pitch angle, right yaw, and engine overspeed
• DHigh forward speed, high gross weight, low rotor RPM, high density altitude, accompanied…

What three flight conditions must simultaneously exist for a helicopter to enter Vortex Ring State (VRS / Settling with Power)?

• AAirspeed below ETL (less than 16-24 knots), powered descent rate greater than 300 feet pe…
• BAirspeed above Vne, zero engine power, and level flight attitude
• CHover in ground effect, tailwind greater than 20 knots, and full left pedal application
• DAutorotational descent, high rotor RPM, and speed greater than 60 knots

How does the Vuichard Recovery Technique differ from the classic recovery method when exiting Vortex Ring State (VRS)?

• AThe Vuichard Technique requires lowering collective completely and pushing cyclic aggress…
• BThe Vuichard Technique applies lateral cyclic toward tail rotor thrust, left/right pedal…
• CThe Vuichard Technique requires shutting down the engine and entering full autorotation
• DThe Vuichard Technique relies on pulling full collective while keeping cyclic centered in…

Upon engine failure at cruise altitude, what is the immediate flight control entry sequence required to establish a stable autorotation?

• APull collective full up to preserve rotor RPM, push right cyclic, and apply full left ped…
• BMaintain collective position, increase throttle, and pull aft cyclic to execute an immedi…
• CLower collective immediately to prevent rotor RPM decay, adjust anti-torque pedals to com…
• DLower collective, shut off main fuel valve, and push cyclic into a steep dive

In a steady-state autorotation, which region of the rotor blade supplies the aerodynamic driving force that maintains rotor RPM?

• AThe driven region near the blade tip
• BThe tail rotor drive region
• CThe stall region near the blade root
• DThe driving (autorotative) region located between approximately 25% and 70% of the blade…

A helicopter experiences engine failure at an altitude of 3,000 feet AGL. Assuming a still-air autorotational glide ratio of 4:1 at best glide airspeed (60 knots), what is the maximum theoretical horizontal glide distance to the touchdown point?

• A12,000 feet (approximately 1.97 nautical miles)
• B6,000 feet (approximately 0.99 nautical miles)
• C24,000 feet (approximately 3.95 nautical miles)
• D3,000 feet (approximately 0.49 nautical miles)

How should a flight instructor coach a student to adjust autorotational airspeed when executing a glide into a strong 25-knot headwind versus a 25-knot tailwind?

• ADecrease airspeed in a headwind and increase airspeed in a tailwind
• BSlightly increase airspeed above normal best glide speed into a headwind, and decrease ai…
• CMaintain minimum pitch airspeed regardless of wind speed or direction
• DIncrease collective pitch in a headwind and lower collective in a tailwind

During the final flare phase of a practice autorotation, what aerodynamic changes occur when cyclic pitch is applied aft?

• AAirspeed increases, rotor RPM decays rapidly, and rate of descent accelerates
• BRotor disc tilts forward, engine re-engages automatically, and tail rotor thrust drops to…
• CAft cyclic tilts the main rotor disc back, increasing angle of attack and flow through th…
• DRate of descent remains unchanged while rotor RPM drops to stall limits

Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness (LTE) due to Main Rotor Disc Interference occurs primarily when relative winds originate from which azimuth relative to the helicopter nose?

• A120 degrees to 180 degrees (left rear quartering)
• B040 degrees to 080 degrees (right front quartering)
• C000 degrees (direct headwind)
• D285 degrees to 315 degrees (left front quartering)

If an uncommanded right yaw occurs due to LTE during a low-speed hovering maneuver, what immediate recovery actions should the flight instructor mandate?

• AApply full left anti-torque pedal, simultaneously move cyclic forward to gain forward air…
• BApply full forward cyclic, pull maximum collective, and apply right anti-torque pedal
• CLower collective completely, lock tail rotor pedals, and enter immediate autorotation
• DApply full right pedal and trim cyclic aft to hover in place

Why does hovering In-Ground Effect (HIGE) require less engine power than hovering Out-of-Ground Effect (HOGE)?

• AGround interaction increases engine compressor efficiency
• BGround interaction reduces induced flow velocity and suppresses rotor tip vortices, incre…
• CRotor blade pitch angle automatically increases when close to the ground
• DTail rotor thrust requirements increase in ground effect, offsetting main rotor load

Ground resonance occurs primarily in fully articulated rotor systems when which combination of events destabilizes blade lead-lag spacing?

• AHigh forward speed combined with sharp right pedal inputs
• BHovering in a strong tailwind with low engine RPM
• CA hard ground contact (such as a hard landing) displaces rotor blades out of phase on the…
• DAbrupt full collective reduction while in steady autorotation

What three conditions are required for dynamic rollover to occur in a helicopter, and what is the proper pilot control response if rollover begins?

• AHover in ground effect, high gross weight, and mast bumping; shut down engine immediately
• BHigh engine power, high airspeed, and tailwind; pull collective full up
• CLow rotor RPM, tail rotor failure, and left pedal lock; push full lateral cyclic into the…
• DPivot point, rolling moment, and exceeding critical rollover angle; immediate smooth redu…