On a site grading plan, what does a contour line represent?
Estimating Plan Reading
Question · Easy
What is the primary purpose of a benchmark on a construction site?
A rectangular area measures 120 ft by 80 ft and will be cut an average of 2.5 ft. What is the cut volume in cubic yards (bank measure, no swell)?
Question · Medium
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Using the average end-area method, cross sections 50 ft apart have cut areas of 40 sf and 60 sf. What is the cut volume between the sections?
Question · Hard
On plan-view drawings, what do dashed contour lines most commonly represent?
A haul estimate uses a bank volume of 800 CY with a swell factor of 25%. How many loose cubic yards must be hauled?
What information is typically found in a sitework specification section on earthwork?
If a plan scale is 1 in = 40 ft, a measured plan distance of 3.5 inches represents what ground distance?
A fill area needs 500 compacted cubic yards. The soil shrinks 12% from bank to compacted condition. Approximately how many bank cubic yards must be excavated?
What is a station notation such as 12+50 commonly used for on site and roadway plans?
Which machine is generally most efficient for mass excavation of large volumes of earth on an open site?
Equipment Technique
What is the main purpose of a cut-and-fill earthwork operation?
Why is topsoil typically stripped and stockpiled before mass grading?
Which piece of equipment is best suited for fine grading and spreading fill in thin lifts?
What is the typical function of a trench box (trench shield) during utility installation?
When installing a gravity storm sewer, what primarily controls pipe invert elevations?
What is the primary purpose of pipe bedding material under a buried utility pipe?
Which statement best describes dewatering on a sitework project?
A dozer is best used for which of the following sitework tasks?
Why are fill materials placed in lifts (layers) rather than in one deep dump?
What is the primary function of a geotextile fabric under aggregate base or around a drain?
Surface drainage away from a building foundation is intended primarily to:
Which equipment is typically preferred for excavating a narrow utility trench in constrained areas?
What does “finish grade” mean on a sitework project?
When backfilling a trench over a newly installed pipe, what is the preferred practice near the pipe zone?
A site needs import fill because cut volume is insufficient. Which is the most important first check before accepting borrow material?
What is a swale in site drainage design?
Which factor most often determines whether a front-end loader or an excavator is selected for a loading task?
What two values does a laboratory Proctor compaction test primarily establish for a soil?
Compaction
How does the modified Proctor test differ from the standard Proctor test?
A soil’s maximum dry density is 120 pcf. The specification requires 95% relative compaction. What minimum field dry density is required?
Field dry density is 110 pcf and the Proctor maximum dry density is 125 pcf. What is the relative compaction?
Why is moisture content critical during soil compaction?
Which roller type is generally most effective for compacting cohesive clay fills?
Which compaction equipment is typically best for granular soils such as clean sand or gravel?
What does a nuclear density gauge measure in field compaction testing?
A sand-cone test is used in the field primarily to determine:
If a fill lift is too thick for the equipment and energy applied, what is the most likely result?
A specification requires 98% of modified Proctor under a pavement section. The lab maximum dry density is 130 pcf. What minimum field dry density is required?
What is proof-rolling used for on a prepared subgrade?
Which action is most appropriate when a density test fails on a newly placed lift?
A soil is 4 percentage points dry of optimum moisture and density is low after rolling. What is the best first corrective approach?
A soil is several points wet of optimum and pumps under the roller. What is the most effective corrective action?
Relative compaction of 95% means which of the following?
Why might a project specify different compaction percentages for landscape areas versus structural fills under buildings?
A rectangular pad 90 ft by 60 ft will receive 18 inches of compacted fill. How many compacted cubic yards are required (no waste factor)?
What is the main disadvantage of compacting with too few roller passes?
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