Under OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart P, at what minimum excavation depth must a protective system generally be used when employees enter the excavation?
Excavation Grading
Question · Easy
Divide by twenty-seven
Short
In a trench 4 feet or deeper, OSHA requires a safe means of egress so that no employee has more than what lateral travel distance to reach it?
How far must excavated spoil piles and equipment generally be kept from the edge of an excavation under OSHA rules?
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A highway embankment needs 8,000 compacted cubic yards (CCY) of fill. If the borrow soil shrinks 20% from bank to compacted state, how many bank cubic yards (BCY) must be excavated?
Question · Hard
What does a bank cubic yard (BCY) represent in earthwork estimating?
OSHA fall heights, to scale
A cut yields 2,400 bank cubic yards of common earth with a 25% swell factor. How many loose cubic yards will be hauled?
For OSHA maximum allowable slopes in Type C soil (simple slope, less than 20 feet deep), what is the steepest permitted slope?
Question · Medium
A roadway cut is 12 feet deep in Type B soil. Using OSHA's maximum simple slope for Type B, what is the minimum horizontal setback from the bottom of the cut to the top of the slope on each side?
Using the average-end-area method, Station 10+00 has a cut cross-section of 80 square feet and Station 11+00 has 120 square feet. What is the cut volume between stations (100-foot stations)?
The longest way home
Who must inspect excavations daily for evidence of possible cave-ins, failure of protective systems, or hazardous atmospheres before work begins?
A grade of 2% over a horizontal distance of 250 feet produces how much vertical rise or fall?
A roadbed fill prism is 500 feet long, 40 feet wide at the top of subgrade, and averages 3 feet thick. Ignoring side slopes, what is the approximate compacted volume in cubic yards?
Which soil condition most clearly indicates Type C soil under OSHA Appendix A?
Six feet: a hard-hat anthem
What is the primary purpose of proof-rolling a prepared subgrade on a highway project?
A borrow source has 15% shrinkage from bank to compacted embankment. How many bank cubic yards are needed to construct 4,250 CCY of embankment?
How many cubic feet are in one cubic yard of concrete?
Concrete
What is the primary function of Portland cement in a concrete mixture?
A sidewalk section is 100 feet long, 5 feet wide, and 4 inches thick. How many cubic yards of concrete are required (neat-line, no waste)?
What does a lower water-cement ratio generally improve in hardened concrete, all else equal?
Which field test is most commonly used to measure the consistency (workability) of freshly mixed concrete?
Why is curing important for newly placed concrete pavement or structures?
A concrete curb requires 18 cubic yards neat-line. With a 5% waste allowance, how many cubic yards should be ordered?
What is the main purpose of air entrainment in concrete exposed to freezing and thawing, such as highway pavements and bridge decks?
On concrete pavement, what is the primary purpose of contraction (control) joints?
Concrete Paving
A concrete pavement panel is 12 feet wide by 15 feet long and 8 inches thick. What is the neat-line concrete volume for one panel?
What is the purpose of load-transfer devices (dowels) at transverse joints in jointed plain concrete pavement?
When should contraction joints in concrete pavement typically be sawed?
What is the principal reason for using a tining or texture finish on new concrete pavement surfaces?
Using a common estimating density of 145 lb/ft³ for hot-mix asphalt (HMA), approximately how many tons are in one compacted cubic yard?
Asphalt Paving
What is the standard formula used to estimate neat-line HMA tonnage when density is given in lb/ft³?
A parking lot is 200 feet by 150 feet and will receive 2 inches of HMA at 145 lb/ft³. What is the neat-line tonnage?
Why is a tack coat applied before placing a new asphalt overlay on an existing pavement?
What is the primary purpose of compacting hot-mix asphalt immediately after placement?
A lane is 12 feet wide and 1 mile long. How many square yards of pavement surface does it contain?
Using the rule of thumb of about 110 pounds of HMA per square yard per inch of thickness, how many tons are needed for 5,000 SY at 3 inches (neat-line)?
What is a prime coat typically used for on highway construction?
Which factor most commonly causes inadequate density in a freshly placed HMA mat?
What does RAP stand for in asphalt paving practice?
A haul road section needs 450 tons of HMA. Trucks average 18 tons per load. How many truckloads are required if you allow one extra load for short loads and waste?
What is segregation in hot-mix asphalt construction?
What is the primary purpose of reinforcing steel (rebar) in concrete highway structures?
Metals Rebar
What does concrete cover over reinforcing steel primarily protect against?
Why are lap splices used when placing reinforcing bars?
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