A phoneme is best defined as which of the following?
Language Concepts And Acquisition
Question · Easy
The study of how morphemes combine to form words is known as which area of linguistics?
Conversational fluency that emergent bilingual students may take two years or more to develop.
Acquiring English
Guess the Term
Introduction & Exam Overview
0.1 About the TExES ESL Supplemental (154) Exam & Certification Roadmap
Study guide
An English learner says, 'I goed to the store yesterday.' This error most clearly demonstrates which language-acquisition concept?
Question · Medium
Read the clue and guess the term in 6 tries.
Game
According to Stephen Krashen's input hypothesis, second-language acquisition is best promoted when learners receive input that is:
School-related fluency that may take five to seven years or more to develop.
Krashen's affective filter hypothesis suggests that language acquisition is hindered when a learner experiences which of the following?
Jim Cummins distinguishes between BICS and CALP. BICS (basic interpersonal communicative skills) typically refers to language that is:
Question · Hard
Adjective in the name for the pre-production stage of English acquisition.
0.2 How to Use This Study Guide & TExES Test-Taking Strategies
A newly arrived English learner does not speak in class for several weeks but appears to listen and comprehend. This behavior is best described as:
Swap tiles to line up three of the same term.
Term Match
The term 'comprehensible output,' associated with Merrill Swain, emphasizes that language development is also supported when learners:
Receptive language exposure that learners can understand and that supports second-language acquisition.
In the sentence 'The cat sat on the mat,' the arrangement of words into a grammatically acceptable order is governed primarily by:
A teacher explains that 'Could you open the window?' is a polite request rather than a literal question about ability. This understanding of how meaning depends on social context is part of which language system?
Expressive language category that includes speaking and writing, contrasted with the receptive side.
Domain I: Language Concepts & Second Language Acquisition
Phonetics & Phonology in ESL
A Spanish-speaking student writes 'I have 15 years' to mean 'I am 15 years old.' This error is best explained as:
Flip two cards at a time to find matching terms.
Term Pairs
The dynamic, evolving language system that an English learner constructs as an approximation of the target language is called:
State expectations and level descriptors that districts must integrate into each required subject for emergent bilingual students.
Teaching and testing
Which of the following best reflects the interrelatedness of the four language domains that an ESL teacher should understand?
An ESL teacher adjusts vocabulary and sentence complexity based on whether students are talking with friends, presenting to the class, or writing a formal essay. The teacher is responding to differences in:
Group that identifies, places, and monitors emergent bilingual students and oversees their reclassification.
Morphology, Word Formation & Cognate Awareness
A teacher points out that the English word 'education' and the Spanish word 'educacion' look and mean nearly the same. Using such word pairs to support vocabulary learning takes advantage of:
Find five hidden terms in a grid of letters.
Term Search
In Texas, the standards that specify the cross-curricular second-language acquisition expectations all teachers must use with English learners are known as the:
Esl Instruction And Assessment
Integrated approach in which English is developed within subject-area lessons and used across programs for emergent bilingual students.
The Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) model is primarily used to:
Before teaching a science lesson on the water cycle, an ESL teacher introduces key terms such as 'evaporation' and 'condensation' with visuals and student-friendly definitions. This strategy is best described as:
Subject-area curriculum standards that state bilingual and ESL programs must use as the basis of their content.
Syntax, Grammar & Contrastive Analysis
A teacher uses graphic organizers, sentence frames, and visuals to temporarily support English learners as they complete a complex writing task, then gradually removes the supports. This instructional approach is called:
An ESL teacher writes both a content objective ('Students will compare two ecosystems') and a language objective ('Students will use comparative adjectives to describe differences') for a lesson. Including a separate language objective is important because it:
Point at which an emergent bilingual student ends program participation after reclassification and with parental approval.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is an instructional method that is especially appropriate for beginning English learners because it:
Which classroom practice most directly promotes communicative competence for English learners?
Short statements that say what a student can do at each stage of English development.
Semantics, Pragmatics & Language Registers
A beginning English learner says, 'He no like the book.' The most supportive teacher response that promotes oral development is to:
An ESL teacher consciously slows speech, enunciates clearly, uses gestures, and avoids idioms when speaking with newcomers. These adjustments are an example of:
Special program that includes content-based and pull-out models for emergent bilingual students.
The ELPS describe four English language proficiency levels. Which sequence correctly orders them from least to most proficient?
Content-based ESL instruction is best characterized by which of the following?
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