Philippines Computer-Based National Achievement Test — Grade 12

Which model of communication depicts communication as a linear, one-way process without immediate feedback?

• AInteractive Model
• BTransaction Model
• CShannon-Weaver Model
• DHelical Model

In Oral Communication, what speech context occurs when a speaker delivers a speech to a large gathering in a formal auditorium setting?

• AIntrapersonal communication
• BInterpersonal communication
• CPublic communication
• DMass communication

Which speech style is characteristically used between close family members or romantic partners and relies heavily on implicit, non-verbal cues?

• AFormal style
• BConsultative style
• CIntimate style
• DFrozen style

What type of speech act according to J.L. Austin refers to the actual social or intended function of an utterance (such as requesting, promising, or warning)?

• ALocutionary act
• BIllocutionary act
• CPerlocutionary act
• DAssertive act

What text type primary aims to explain a topic, concept, or process objectively using factual evidence and logical structure?

• AExpository text
• BNarrative text
• CPersuasive text
• DLiterary text

Ano ang tawag sa wikang ginagamit sa opisyal na komunikasyon ng pamahalaan at sa pagtuturo sa mga paaralan alinsunod sa Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas?

• AWikang Pambansa at Wikang Opisyal
• BWikang Panturo at Lingua Franca
• CWikang Rehiyonal
• DWikang Lalawiganin

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang tumutukoy sa gamit ng wika upang makipagkapwa-tao, bumuo ng relasyong panlipunan, at magpahayag ng pakikiramay?

• AInteraksyonal
• BInstrumental
• CRegulatoryo
• DHeuristiko

What explicit text feature uses hypertext links to allow readers to jump non-linearly to related articles, documents, or external resources?

• AIntertextuality
• BHypertextuality
• CLinear progression
• DChronological ordering

A student during a debate notices that their opponent is raising strong counterarguments. The student responds by saying, 'Let me pause for a moment and rephrase our position to address your point directly.' What communicative strategy is being demonstrated?

• ATopic Shifting
• BTurn-taking
• CRepair
• DTermination

Which claim type asserts that a specific condition or issue has existed, exists, or will exist based on verifiable, empirical evidence?

• AClaim of Fact
• BClaim of Value
• CClaim of Policy
• DClaim of Morality

Consider the sentence: 'Local governments must implement mandatory plastic bag bans across all retail stores to curb marine pollution.' This sentence is an example of what type of claim?

• AClaim of Fact
• BClaim of Value
• CClaim of Policy
• DClaim of Definition

In a research paper, what preliminary section summarizes the research background, statement of the problem, significance of the study, and scope and delimitation in a concise framework?

• ALiterature Review
• BConcept Paper / Introduction
• CMethodology
• DAbstract

Sa proseso ng pananaliksik, ano ang tawag sa direktang pagkuha ng ideya ng ibang awtor nang walang kaukulang pagkilala o sitasyon sa pinagmulan nito?

• AParaphrasing
• BPlagiarism (Plahiensya)
• CSynthesizing
• DReferencing

Ano ang pagkakaiba ng Barayti ng Wika na 'Dayalek' at 'Sosyolek'?

• AAng Dayalek ay batay sa rehiyon/lugar; ang Sosyolek ay batay sa pangkat-panlipunan o anta…
• BAng Dayalek ay wika ng mga bata; ang Sosyolek ay wika ng mga matatanda.
• CAng Dayalek ay pormal na wika; ang Sosyolek ay impormal na wika lamang.
• DAng Dayalek ay ginagamit sa pagsulat; ang Sosyolek ay sa pagsasalita lamang.

Which cohesive device property ensures that sentences in a paragraph flow logically and smoothly through appropriate transitional markers and pronoun references?

• ACoherence and Cohesion
• BEmphasis and Tone
• CSentence Variety
• DDiction and Style

Alin sa mga sumusunod na halimbawa ang nagpapakita ng 'Idyolek' bilang barayti ng wika?

• AAng tanging estilo at linya sa pagsasalita ni Mike Enriquez na 'Hindi ko kayo tatantanan!'
• BAng paggamit ng salitang 'gaya-gaya' ng mga kabataan sa Maynila.
• CAng pagkakaiba ng Tagalog-Bulacan sa Tagalog-Batangas.
• DAng mga teknikal na salitang ginagamit ng mga abogado sa korte.

What type of assertion expresses a belief or stance that is commonly held to be true but cannot be proven purely by objective facts, as it reflects personal taste or cultural judgment?

• AFact
• BConvention
• COpinion
• DPreference

Sa pagbasa at pagsusuri ng teksto, ano ang kahulugan ng 'Denotasyon' kumpara sa 'Konotasyon'?

• AAng Denotasyon ay literal na kahulugan mula sa diksyonaryo; ang Konotasyon ay emosyonal o…
• BAng Denotasyon ay pahiwatig na kahulugan; ang Konotasyon ay kahulugang mula sa diksyonary…
• CAng Denotasyon ay ginagamit sa tula; ang Konotasyon ay sa balita lamang.
• DWalang pagkakaiba ang denotasyon at konotasyon sa pagsusuri ng teksto.

Which stage of the writing process involves revising structural organization, refining thesis alignment, and expanding arguments before line editing for grammar?

• APre-writing
• BDrafting
• CGlobal Revision
• DProofreading

Ano ang pangunahing layunin ng isang 'Tekstong Argumentatibo'?

• AMaglarawan ng isang magandang tanawin gamit ang makukulay na salita.
• BMaglahad ng mga patunay at katuwiran upang mahikayat ang mambabasa na tanggapin ang isang…
• CMagsalaysay ng pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga pangyayari sa buhay ng isang bayani.
• DMagbigay ng malinaw na panuto kung paano iluto ang isang pagkain.

Analyze the following passage: 'While electric vehicles produce zero tailpipe emissions, their lifecycle carbon footprint heavily depends on the energy mix of the local electrical grid.' What subtle logical nuance is expressed?

• AA complete rejection of electric vehicle technology
• BA qualified claim highlighting contextual dependence on power generation sources
• CAn absolute assertion that electric vehicles cause more pollution than gasoline cars
• DA recommendation to suspend all electric vehicle manufacturing

In Searle's Speech Act Theory, when a presiding judge states, 'I now pronounce you husband and wife,' what specific class of illocutionary act is performed?

• AAssertive
• BDirective
• CDeclaration
• DExpressive

Sa disenyo ng pananaliksik, ano ang pangunahing pagkakaiba ng 'Kuantitatibong Pananaliksik' sa 'Kwalitatibong Pananaliksik'?

• AAng Kuantitatibo ay nakatuon sa numerikal na datos at estatistika; ang Kwalitatibo ay sa…
• BAng Kuantitatibo ay ginagamit lamang sa Agham; ang Kwalitatibo ay sa Panitikan lamang.
• CAng Kuantitatibo ay walang hypothesis; ang Kwalitatibo ay mayroong limang hypothesis.
• DAng Kuantitatibo ay mas mabilis gawin kaysa sa Kwalitatibong pananaliksik sa lahat ng pag…

Identify the logical fallacy present in this statement: 'If we allow students to use mobile phones during lunch break, soon they will stop studying altogether, fail all their exams, and drop out of high school.'

• AAd Hominem
• BSlippery Slope
• CFalse Dilemma
• DPost Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc

Alin sa mga sumusunod ang tumutukoy sa proseso ng pagpapalit-palit ng dalawa o higit pang wika sa loob ng iisang pahayag o diskurso (Code-switching)?

• AInterference
• BCode-switching (Pagpapalit-koda)
• CPidginization
• DLanguage Shift

Given the function f(x) = 3x - 5, what is the value of f(4)?

• A7
• B12
• C17
• D2

Which of the following relation representations is NOT a function?

• A{(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)}
• B{(1, 5), (2, 5), (3, 5)}
• C{(2, 1), (2, 4), (3, 6)}
• D{(4, 8), (5, 10), (6, 12)}

What is the inverse function f⁻¹(x) of the linear function f(x) = 2x + 6?

• Af⁻¹(x) = (x - 6) / 2
• Bf⁻¹(x) = (x + 6) / 2
• Cf⁻¹(x) = 2x - 6
• Df⁻¹(x) = 6x + 2

What is the mean of the data set: 10, 15, 20, 25, 30?

• A15
• B20
• C25
• D100

If a fair six-sided die is rolled once, what is the probability of obtaining an even number?

• A1/6
• B1/3
• C1/2
• D2/3

What is the simple interest earned on a principal investment of ₱10,000 at an annual interest rate of 5% for 2 years?

• A₱500
• B₱1,000
• C₱1,050
• D₱11,000

Under the standard normal distribution curve, what is the total area under the entire curve equal to?

• A0.5
• B1.0
• C100
• DInfinite

Solve for x in the exponential equation: 4^(x + 1) = 64.

• A1
• B2
• C3
• D4

What is the domain of the rational function f(x) = (2x + 1) / (x² - 9)?

• AAll real numbers except x = 3 and x = -3
• BAll real numbers except x = 9
• CAll real numbers except x = -1/2
• DAll real numbers

Solve for x in the logarithmic equation: log₂(x - 3) = 4.

• A11
• B16
• C19
• D35

A continuous random variable X has a normal distribution with mean μ = 70 and standard deviation σ = 5. What is the z-score of a raw score x = 80?

• A1.0
• B1.5
• C2.0
• D2.5

According to the Central Limit Theorem, as sample size n increases (n ≥ 30), what happens to the sampling distribution of the sample mean?

• AIt becomes skewed to the left regardless of the population distribution.
• BIt approaches a normal distribution regardless of the shape of the population distributio…
• CIts standard error increases proportionally with n.
• DIt becomes a uniform distribution.

A sample of 100 Grade 12 students has a mean test score of 82 with a population standard deviation of 8. What is the 95% confidence interval for the population mean? (z_{0.025} = 1.96)

• A80.43 to 83.57
• B79.52 to 84.48
• C81.22 to 82.78
• D78.00 to 86.00

In hypothesis testing, what error occurs when a researcher rejects the null hypothesis (H₀) when H₀ is actually true?

• AType I Error (α)
• BType II Error (β)
• CSampling Error
• DStandard Error

An investor deposits ₱50,000 in a savings bank that pays an annual interest rate of 6% compounded annually. What is the total compound amount after 3 years?

• A₱59,000.00
• B₱59,550.80
• C₱63,123.84
• D₱56,000.00

What is the truth value of the conditional proposition p → q if p is True and q is False?

• ATrue
• BFalse
• CIndeterminate
• DTautology

In simple linear regression y = 3x + 15, if x represents hours of study and y represents test score, what does the slope of 3 signify?

• AA student who studies 0 hours will score 3 points.
• BFor every additional hour of study, the predicted test score increases by 3 points.
• CThe correlation coefficient between study hours and test scores is 3.
• DThe average test score of all students is 3.

What compound proposition represents 'p and q' in formal symbolic logic?

• Ap ∨ q
• Bp ∧ q
• Cp → q
• Dp ↔ q

If Pearson's correlation coefficient between two continuous variables is r = -0.85, how would you interpret this relationship?

• AWeak positive linear correlation
• BStrong negative linear correlation
• CNo linear correlation
• DPerfect positive correlation

What is the present value of an ordinary annuity paying ₱2,000 at the end of each year for 4 years at an annual interest rate of 10%? (Use PV factor = 3.1699)

• A₱6,339.80
• B₱8,000.00
• C₱9,310.00
• D₱10,640.00

Express the expression log₂ 32 + log₂ 8 - log₂ 4 as a single simplified integer.

• A4
• B6
• C8
• D64

A discrete random variable X has probability distribution: P(X=1) = 0.2, P(X=2) = 0.5, P(X=3) = 0.3. Calculate the expected value E(X).

• A2.0
• B2.1
• C2.3
• D2.5

Consider functions f(x) = x² - 4 and g(x) = √(x + 2). What is the composite function (f ∘ g)(x) and its domain?

• A(f ∘ g)(x) = x - 2 for x ≥ -2
• B(f ∘ g)(x) = x + 2 for all real x
• C(f ∘ g)(x) = x² - 2 for x ≥ 0
• D(f ∘ g)(x) = √(x² - 2) for x ≥ 2