New York Certified Court Reporter

In NY civil practice, what does the abbreviation CPLR refer to?

• ACourt Practice and Litigation Rules
• BCivil Practice Law and Rules
• CCriminal Procedure Law Rules
• DCode of Public Law and Records

Which NY statute governs criminal procedure and is commonly cited in criminal trials reported by court reporters?

• ACPLR
• BCPL (Criminal Procedure Law)
• CPenal Law
• DJudiciary Law

What is voir dire?

• AA closing argument
• BJury selection questioning
• CA motion to dismiss
• DA judge's instruction to the jury

A 'sidebar' in trial practice refers to:

• AA printed exhibit attached to the transcript
• BA private conference between counsel and the judge at the bench, away from the jury
• CAn objection sustained by the court
• DThe closing argument by the defense

Hearsay is best defined as:

• AAny statement made by a witness
• BAn out-of-court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted
• CA sworn affidavit
• DTestimony given during a deposition

An attorney objects, stating 'leading.' This objection means:

• AThe witness is being unresponsive
• BCounsel is suggesting the answer to the witness on direct examination
• CThe question calls for hearsay
• DThe witness lacks personal knowledge

A motion in limine is:

• AA motion to dismiss the case
• BA pretrial motion to exclude or admit evidence before trial
• CA motion for summary judgment
• DA motion to compel discovery

Under CPLR 3212, what type of motion is filed to seek judgment without trial?

• AMotion to dismiss
• BMotion for summary judgment
• CMotion for default judgment
• DMotion for directed verdict

A 'bill of particulars' in NY civil practice is:

• AA list of trial exhibits
• BA detailed amplification of pleadings, usually demanded under CPLR 3041
• CAn itemized bill from the court reporter
• DA judgment summary

What is an EBT in NY practice?

• AExamination Before Trial (a deposition)
• BEvidence Briefing Transcript
• CEmergency Bench Trial
• DExpert Bias Test

The 'best evidence rule' generally requires:

• AThe most credible witness be called first
• BThe original writing, recording, or photograph to prove its content
• CAll evidence be authenticated by an expert
• DOnly sworn testimony be admitted

A subpoena duces tecum commands a witness to:

• AAppear and testify only
• BAppear and produce specified documents or items
• CRefrain from testifying
• DSubmit to a medical examination

In a criminal case, an 'arraignment' is:

• AA sentencing hearing
• BThe initial court appearance where the defendant is formally charged and enters a plea
• CA motion to suppress hearing
• DThe closing argument

A 'Huntley hearing' in NY criminal practice determines:

• AIdentification procedure suggestiveness
• BVoluntariness of a defendant's statement to police
• CProbable cause to arrest
• DValidity of a search warrant

The phrase 'res ipsa loquitur' literally means:

• ALet the buyer beware
• BThe thing speaks for itself
• CBeyond a reasonable doubt
• DWithout prejudice

A 'CPLR Article 78 proceeding' is used to:

• AInitiate a divorce action
• BChallenge a determination of a governmental body or officer
• CProbate a will
• DEnforce a money judgment

What does 'nolo contendere' mean?

• AGuilty plea
• BNo contest plea — defendant does not admit guilt but does not contest charges
• CNot guilty plea
• DPlea in abeyance

A 'directed verdict' (NY: motion for judgment as a matter of law under CPLR 4401) is granted when:

• AThe jury cannot reach a unanimous verdict
• BNo rational jury could find for the non-moving party on the evidence presented
• CThe judge is personally convinced of the verdict
• DCounsel fails to appear

An 'in camera' inspection occurs:

• AIn front of the jury
• BIn the judge's chambers, privately, off the public record
• CDuring a televised proceeding
• DOutside the courthouse

Which objection asserts that a question seeks information not relevant to any issue in the case?

• AHearsay
• BFoundation
• CRelevance
• DAsked and answered

A 'judgment notwithstanding the verdict' (judgment n.o.v.) is requested when:

• AThe jury reaches a verdict the moving party believes no rational jury could reach on the…
• BA new trial is sought because of error
• CThe verdict is unanimous but one juror dissents in writing
• DDamages are too low

The 'mens rea' element of a crime refers to:

• AThe physical act
• BThe guilty mental state required for the offense
• CThe harm caused
• DThe defendant's prior record

The myocardium is:

• AThe outer lining of the heart
• BThe muscular middle layer of the heart wall
• CA heart valve
• DA major artery

The medical term 'fracture' most precisely means:

• AAny soft-tissue injury
• BA break or discontinuity in a bone
• CA torn ligament
• DA dislocated joint

The prefix 'hyper-' means:

• ABelow or under
• BAbove, excessive, or beyond normal
• CEqual to
• DWithin

Which suffix means 'surgical removal'?

• A-itis
• B-ectomy
• C-osis
• D-algia

A 'CVA' in medical records refers to:

• ACoronary valve abnormality
• BCerebrovascular accident (stroke)
• CCentral venous access
• DChronic vascular anemia

An MRI uses:

• AIonizing X-ray radiation
• BStrong magnetic fields and radio waves to create images
• CUltrasound waves
• DRadioactive isotopes injected into the body

The term 'edema' means:

• ASwelling caused by fluid accumulation in tissue
• BBleeding under the skin
• CAn open wound
• DMuscle spasm

The C5-C6 region of the spine refers to:

• AThe lower back (lumbar region)
• BThe cervical (neck) vertebrae between the fifth and sixth bones
• CThe chest area
• DThe tailbone

An 'NSAID' is a:

• ANasal Surgical Anesthetic Implant Device
• BNon-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (e.g., ibuprofen, naproxen)
• CNeural Spinal Anti-Inflammatory Dose
• DNarcotic Standard Analgesic Injection Drug

The acronym 'COPD' stands for:

• ACardiac Output Pulmonary Disease
• BChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• CCoronary Occlusion Plaque Disorder
• DCervical Osteo Postural Defect

A 'hematoma' is:

• AA type of cancer of blood cells
• BA localized collection of blood outside blood vessels, often clotted
• CAn open wound
• DInflammation of the liver

The 'GCS' (Glasgow Coma Scale) measures:

• ACardiac rhythm
• BLevel of consciousness in patients with brain injury (eye, verbal, motor responses)
• CBlood pressure variability
• DPain on a 1-10 scale

An EKG (or ECG) records:

• ABrain electrical activity
• BHeart electrical activity
• CMuscle electrical activity in limbs
• DEye movement during sleep

An 'occlusion' in a coronary artery refers to:

• AA normal heartbeat
• BA complete or partial blockage of the artery
• CSurgical repair of the artery
• DInflammation of the artery wall

A patient described as 'NPO' is:

• ANot previously operated
• BNothing by mouth (nil per os) — typically before surgery
• CNot pregnant or breastfeeding
• DNeeding post-operative care

The term 'iatrogenic' means:

• AHereditary disease
• BAn illness or injury caused by medical examination or treatment
• CSelf-inflicted injury
• DOf unknown origin

The brand-name drug 'Coumadin' is also known by which generic name?

• AWarfarin
• BHeparin
• CAspirin
• DPlavix

A 'thrombus' is best described as:

• AA benign tumor
• BA blood clot formed inside a blood vessel
• CAn aneurysm
• DA surgical incision

The 'patella' is also known as the:

• AShoulder blade
• BKneecap
• CCollarbone
• DHipbone

An 'EMG' study evaluates:

• ABrain waves during sleep
• BElectrical activity of skeletal muscles, often paired with nerve conduction studies
• CElectrolytes in the blood
• DCoronary blood flow

A patient 'presents with dyspnea' means the patient has:

• ADifficulty swallowing
• BDifficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• CPainful urination
• DAbdominal pain

The term 'prognosis' refers to:

• AThe disease's name
• BThe likely course or outcome of a disease
• CThe cause of a disease
• DThe treatment plan

In contract law, 'consideration' refers to:

• APolite negotiation
• BSomething of value exchanged between parties to form a binding contract
• CThe judge's deliberation period
• DTime given to review the contract