NLN Nursing Education Examination (NEX)

Which organelle is known as the "powerhouse of the cell" because it produces the majority of ATP through cellular respiration?

• AMitochondrion
• BRibosome
• CGolgi apparatus
• DEndoplasmic reticulum

A student observes a cell under a microscope and notes that it has a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. This cell is most likely from which organism?

• AA plant
• BA bacterium
• CAn animal
• DA fungus

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the cell's equatorial plate?

• AMetaphase
• BProphase
• CAnaphase
• DTelophase

A nitrogenous base in DNA pairs with thymine (T). Which base is it paired with?

• AAdenine (A)
• BGuanine (G)
• CCytosine (C)
• DUracil (U)

Which type of RNA carries the amino acid to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

• ATransfer RNA (tRNA)
• BMessenger RNA (mRNA)
• CRibosomal RNA (rRNA)
• DSmall nuclear RNA (snRNA)

In a monohybrid cross between two pea plants that are both heterozygous for seed color (Yy × Yy, where Y = yellow is dominant), what percentage of offspring will show the recessive phenotype?

• A25%
• B50%
• C75%
• D100%

What is the term for the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration?

• AOsmosis
• BActive transport
• CFacilitated diffusion
• DEndocytosis

A red blood cell is placed in a very salty (hypertonic) solution. What will happen to the cell?

• AIt will shrink (crenate) as water leaves the cell
• BIt will swell and eventually burst (lyse)
• CIt will remain unchanged in size
• DIt will divide by mitosis

Which level of biological organization includes all organisms of the same species living in a specific area at the same time?

• APopulation
• BCommunity
• CEcosystem
• DBiome

During aerobic cellular respiration, which stage produces the most ATP?

• AOxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain)
• BGlycolysis
• CKrebs cycle
• DFermentation

A parent who is a carrier for a sex-linked recessive disorder (X^A X^a) crosses with a normal male (X^A Y). What is the probability that a son will be affected?

• A50%
• B25%
• C100%
• D0%

The process by which organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce at higher rates than those with less favorable traits is called:

• ANatural selection
• BGenetic drift
• CGene flow
• DMutation

Which cellular process converts the genetic code of mRNA into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein?

• ATranslation
• BTranscription
• CReplication
• DTransduction

A biome characterized by permafrost, low precipitation, and extremely cold temperatures with few trees is called a:

• ATundra
• BTaiga
• CDesert
• DSavanna

Which type of symbiotic relationship benefits both organisms involved?

• AMutualism
• BCommensalism
• CParasitism
• DPredation

A DNA strand reads 3′–TACGCA–5′. What is the complementary mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

• A5′–AUGCGU–3′
• B5′–TACGCA–3′
• C5′–ATGCGT–3′
• D5′–UACGCA–3′

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell is called:

• AMitosis
• BMeiosis
• CBinary fission
• DCytokinesis

An organism that makes its own food using sunlight through photosynthesis is classified as a(n):

• AAutotroph (producer)
• BHeterotroph (consumer)
• CDecomposer
• DOmnivore

Nondisjunction during meiosis I results in gametes that:

• AContain either two copies or zero copies of a chromosome
• BAre all diploid instead of haploid
• CContain only one chromosome total
• DAre genetically identical to the parent cell

Which macromolecule serves as the primary long-term energy storage in animals?

• ALipids (fats)
• BCarbohydrates (glycogen)
• CProteins
• DNucleic acids

Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge and orbits the nucleus of an atom?

• AElectron
• BProton
• CNeutron
• DPositron

A solution has a pH of 2. How would you classify this solution?

• AStrongly acidic
• BWeakly acidic
• CNeutral
• DBasic (alkaline)