St. John Ambulance Malaysia First Aid in the Workplace Examination

When arriving at the scene of a workplace accident, what is the very first action a first aider must perform according to the St. John Ambulance Malaysia protocols?

• AAssess the scene for any immediate dangers to ensure safety
• BCheck the casualty's level of consciousness by shaking and shouting
• CImmediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) compressions
• DCall the Malaysian emergency response services at 999

How should a first aider check for a response in an adult casualty who appears to be unconscious?

• AGently shake the casualty's shoulders and shout loudly, 'Are you okay?'
• BSlap the casualty's face gently or pinch their earlobe
• CPerform a sternal rub using the knuckles to check for pain response
• DSplash cold water on the casualty's face to trigger a reflex

Which of the following maneuvers is the standard technique to open the airway of a casualty who has no suspected spinal injury?

• AHead-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
• BJaw-thrust maneuver
• CNeck extension and tongue displacement
• DPlacing the casualty's head in a neutral position with neck support

When checking if an unresponsive casualty is breathing normally, what is the maximum time a first aider should spend looking, listening, and feeling?

• A10 seconds
• B5 seconds
• C20 seconds
• D30 seconds

What is the recommended chest compression rate per minute when performing CPR on an adult, child, or infant?

• A100 to 120 compressions per minute
• B80 to 100 compressions per minute
• C120 to 140 compressions per minute
• D60 to 80 compressions per minute

What is the correct depth of chest compressions when performing CPR on an adult casualty?

• A5 cm to 6 cm (approximately 2 to 2.4 inches)
• B3 cm to 4 cm (approximately 1.2 to 1.6 inches)
• C4 cm to 5 cm (approximately 1.5 to 2 inches)
• D6 cm to 7 cm (approximately 2.4 to 2.8 inches)

When performing CPR on an adult casualty, what is the standard ratio of chest compressions to rescue breaths?

• A30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
• B15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
• C30 compressions to 5 rescue breaths
• D5 compressions to 1 rescue breath

Why is allowing complete chest recoil between compressions critical when performing CPR?

• AIt allows blood to flow back into the heart chambers
• BIt prevents the rescuer from becoming fatigued too quickly
• CIt minimizes the risk of breaking the casualty's ribs
• DIt ensures that air is pushed out of the lungs

When performing CPR on an infant (under 1 year of age), what is the correct depth of chest compressions?

• AAbout 4 cm (1.5 inches)
• BAbout 5 cm (2 inches)
• CAbout 2 cm (0.75 inches)
• DAbout 6 cm (2.4 inches)

Which infant chest compression technique have both the 2025 AHA and the 2025 ERC resuscitation guidelines dropped?

• APressing the center of the chest with two fingers
• BTwo thumbs encircling the chest
• CTwo hands with interlocked fingers, as for an adult
• DNone; all of these remain in both guidelines

When two rescuers are present, what is the recommended compression-to-ventilation ratio for CPR in children and infants?

• A15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
• B30 compressions to 2 rescue breaths
• C15 compressions to 1 rescue breath
• D5 compressions to 1 rescue breath

When an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) arrives at the scene of a cardiac arrest, what is the very first step the rescuer must take?

• ATurn on the AED power immediately
• BApply the adhesive pads to the casualty's chest
• CPlug the pad connector into the AED machine
• DStop chest compressions to prepare the unit

What is the standard placement for AED pads on an adult casualty chest?

• AUpper right chest (below the collarbone) and lower left chest (side of the nipple)
• BUpper left chest (below the collarbone) and lower right chest (side of the nipple)
• CDirectly over the center of the chest and on the lower back
• DDirectly over both left and right shoulders

What should you do when the AED states, 'Analyzing rhythm, do not touch the patient'?

• AEnsure nobody is touching the casualty and stop all compressions
• BSpeed up compressions to complete the cycle before analysis
• CKeep ventilating the casualty while the machine analyzes
• DPress the shock button immediately while the machine is analyzing

If a casualty's chest is wet or covered in water, what must the first aider do before applying the AED pads?

• AQuickly wipe the chest dry with a towel or clothing
• BApply the pads directly over the wet chest to save time
• CPlace paper towels over the wet areas and apply pads on top
• DAvoid using the AED entirely as it is too dangerous

A casualty has a visible lump under the skin on the upper chest indicating an implanted pacemaker. How should the AED pads be applied?

• APlace the pad at least 2.5 cm (1 inch) away from the pacemaker device
• BApply the pad directly over the pacemaker device to ensure current flow
• CDo not use the AED and perform manual CPR only
• DPlace both pads on the back of the casualty (anterior-posterior)

Which of the following signs indicates a severe (complete) airway obstruction rather than a mild (incomplete) obstruction in a conscious casualty?

• AThe casualty is unable to speak, breathe, or cough effectively
• BThe casualty is coughing loudly and wheezing
• CThe casualty is complaining of a tickle in the throat and is crying
• DThe casualty's face is red, and they are talking in short sentences

What is the correct sequence of physical interventions for a conscious adult who is choking and unable to speak or breathe?

• AGive up to 5 back blows followed by up to 5 abdominal thrusts
• BPerform abdominal thrusts continuously until the object is expelled
• CAdminister 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths
• DGive 5 rescue breaths and perform blind finger sweeps in the mouth

How should a first aider treat a conscious infant (under 1 year) who has a severe airway obstruction?

• AAlternate up to 5 back blows and up to 5 chest thrusts, supporting the infant face down a…
• BPerform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) while standing behind the infant
• CHold the infant upside down by the feet and shake them vigorously
• DPerform blind finger sweeps immediately to locate and extract the object

If a choking adult casualty becomes unresponsive, what should the first aider do next?

• ACarefully lower them to the ground and start CPR compressions, checking the mouth before…
• BContinue administering back blows and abdominal thrusts on the ground
• CPerform a blind finger sweep to remove the obstruction immediately
• DWait for emergency medical services to arrive before attempting further treatment

Under what conditions should an unresponsive casualty be placed in the recovery position?

• AIf they are breathing normally and there is no suspicion of spinal injury
• BIf they are not breathing normally and require chest compressions
• CIf they have a suspected neck or back injury and are vomiting
• DIf they are conscious but complaining of severe chest pain

What is the primary anatomical reason for placing an unresponsive, breathing casualty on their side in the recovery position?

• ATo prevent the tongue from falling back and obstructing the airway
• BTo improve blood flow from the lower extremities to the heart
• CTo reduce pressure on the diaphragm and make breathing easier
• DTo ease pain from abdominal injuries and prevent shock

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of links in the adult Chain of Survival?

• AEarly recognition and call, Early CPR, Early defibrillation, Early post-resuscitation care
• BEarly CPR, Early defibrillation, Early advanced care, Early rehabilitation
• CEarly assessment, Early transport, Early surgery, Early physical therapy
• DEarly first aid, Early recovery position, Early medication, Early hospital discharge

Under which of the following circumstances is a first aider legally and clinically permitted to stop performing CPR?

• AA qualified medical professional or paramedics arrive and take over the care
• BThe first aider has performed CPR for exactly 10 minutes
• CA bystander tells the first aider that they are doing it wrong
• DThe first aider suspects the casualty has broken ribs

While checking an unresponsive casualty, you notice they are making occasional, irregular, slow, and noisy gasping sounds. How should you manage this?

• ATreat it as agonal breathing (not normal) and start CPR immediately
• BPlace the casualty in the recovery position and monitor their breathing
• CWait for 2 minutes to see if the breathing pattern becomes normal
• DAdminister rescue breaths only, without performing chest compressions

What is the primary and most effective method to control severe external bleeding from a limb wound?

• AApply firm, direct pressure on the wound using a sterile dressing
• BElevate the injured limb above the level of the heart
• CApply a tourniquet immediately to the upper portion of the limb
• DLocate and press firmly on the nearest arterial pressure point

If the initial sterile dressing applied to a severely bleeding wound becomes completely saturated with blood, what should the first aider do?

• AApply a second dressing directly over the first one and maintain pressure
• BRemove the wet dressing and replace it with a fresh dry dressing
• CWash the wound with clean water to locate the source of bleeding
• DApply a tourniquet above the wound immediately to halt blood flow

In which of the following scenarios is the immediate application of a commercial tourniquet indicated?

• ACatastrophic limb hemorrhage where direct pressure fails or is impossible
• BAny venous bleed that does not stop after 1 minute of pressure
• CA deep laceration on the chest that is bleeding heavily
• DA severe nosebleed that has lasted for more than 15 minutes

Where should a commercial windlass tourniquet be placed on an injured limb to control severe bleeding?

• A5 to 7 cm (2 to 3 inches) above the wound, but never directly over a joint
• BDirectly over the bleeding wound to act as a compression pad
• CAt the lowest part of the limb, regardless of where the wound is located
• DDirectly over the joint (elbow or knee) closest to the wound

Which of the following best describes the current St. John Ambulance guideline regarding limb elevation for bleeding control?

• AElevation is secondary and should only be done in combination with direct pressure
• BElevation is the primary method and must be performed before direct pressure
• CElevation is contraindicated because it increases the risk of stroke
• DElevation is no longer taught or allowed in any first aid protocol

Which type of bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that spurts from the wound in rhythm with the heartbeat?

• AArterial bleeding
• BVenous bleeding
• CCapillary bleeding
• DLymphatic bleeding

How is venous bleeding distinguished from arterial bleeding?

• AVenous blood is dark red and flows steadily, whereas arterial blood is bright red and spu…
• BVenous blood is bright red and spurts, whereas arterial blood is dark red and flows stead…
• CVenous bleeding always stops on its own within 30 seconds without pressure
• DVenous bleeding is characterized by rapid, high-pressure spurts

A casualty has grazed their knee, and blood is oozing slowly from the skin. What type of bleeding is this?

• ACapillary bleeding
• BArterial bleeding
• CVenous bleeding
• DInternal bleeding

What is the correct way to preserve a traumatically amputated finger for transport to the hospital?

• AWrap it in sterile gauze, place it in a plastic bag, and put the bag on ice water
• BPlace the finger directly into a container filled with ice cubes
• CSubmerge the finger in a container of antiseptic solution or clean water
• DWrap it in a dry cloth and place it directly in the casualty's pocket

A worker has a piece of metal impaled in their forearm. What is the correct first aid management?

• ADo not remove the object; stabilize it with bulky dressings and call 999
• BPull the metal piece out quickly and apply direct pressure to control bleeding
• CWiggle the metal piece to check if it has penetrated the bone
• DApply a tourniquet above the elbow before attempting to remove the object

What is the medical definition of shock in first aid?

• AA life-threatening condition where the circulatory system fails to provide enough oxygena…
• BA state of extreme fear or psychological distress following an accident
• CA sudden drop in blood sugar levels causing dizziness and fainting
• DThe electrical sensation felt when touching an ungrounded appliance

Which of the following groups of symptoms indicates that a casualty is entering the early stages of shock?

• ARapid pulse, pale and clammy skin, rapid shallow breathing, and anxiety
• BSlow bounding pulse, red warm dry skin, and deep slow breathing
• CHigh blood pressure, extreme hyperactivity, and sudden hunger
• DFlushed face, pinpoint pupils, and a very slow heart rate

What is the correct position to place a casualty who is showing signs of shock, provided they have no spinal or leg fractures?

• ALay them flat on their back and elevate their legs about 30 cm (12 inches)
• BPlace them in a semi-sitting position with head tilted back
• CPlace them in a prone position (face down) with head turned to the side
• DKeep them standing and encourage them to walk slowly to improve circulation

Why should a first aider cover a shock casualty with a blanket?

• ATo prevent hypothermia, which impairs blood clotting and worsens shock
• BTo make the casualty sweat out toxins from their system
• CTo hide their injuries from onlookers and maintain privacy
• DTo restrict the casualty's movement and keep them still

Which of the following signs would lead you to suspect a casualty has severe internal bleeding?

• AA rigid, tender abdomen, bruising, coughing up blood, and signs of shock
• BA soft abdomen, slow deep breathing, and warm pink skin
• CA sudden rash, high fever, and extreme itching on the trunk
• DClear fluid draining from both ears and bilateral pinpoint pupils

What is the correct first aid management for a casualty with a nosebleed?

• AHave them sit down, lean forward, and pinch the soft part of the nose for 10 minutes
• BHave them lie down flat on their back and place an ice pack on their forehead
• CHave them lean their head back and stuff cotton wool deep into the nostrils
• DInstruct them to blow their nose vigorously to clear out any blood clots

To prevent cross-infection when treating an open wound, what is the best practice for a first aider?

• AWash hands thoroughly and put on sterile or clean disposable gloves before touching the w…
• BApply rubbing alcohol directly onto their bare hands before touching the wound
• CRinse the wound with their own saliva to disinfect it
• DAvoid touching the casualty at all and instruct them to bandage themselves

How should a minor cut or graze with dirty particles inside be cleaned?

• AWash it under clean, running tap water and clean surrounding skin with mild soap
• BPour undiluted bleach or hydrogen peroxide directly into the wound
• CScrub the wound vigorously with a stiff brush to remove all dirt
• DLeave the dirt inside and apply a tight bandage directly over it

After applying a roller bandage to a limb, why must the first aider check the circulation distal to the bandage?

• ATo ensure the bandage is not so tight that it cuts off blood flow to the extremity
• BTo check if the wound is still bleeding through the bandage
• CTo verify that the bone underneath has not been fractured
• DTo speed up the clotting process in the capillaries

Which of the following signs indicates that a pressure bandage has been applied too tightly to a casualty's arm?

• AFingers become cold, blue, and the casualty complains of numbness or tingling
• BFingers remain pink and warm, with a capillary refill time of under 2 seconds
• CThe casualty states that the bandage feels snug but comfortable
• DThe bleeding from the wound stops completely and no blood leaks out

A worker's leg has been pinned under a heavy concrete block for over 2 hours. Why must the first aider consult medical professionals before releasing the object, if safety allows?

• AReleasing the pressure suddenly can release accumulated toxins into the bloodstream, caus…
• BReleasing the pressure will cause the concrete block to break and injure others
• CThe worker's leg will immediately fracture when the weight is removed
• DThe concrete block might contain hazardous chemical dust that will spread