CENEVAL ACREDITA-BACH — Acreditación del Bachillerato General (Acuerdo 286)

Solve for x in the linear equation: 4(3x - 2) - 2(2x + 1) = 22.

• Ax = 2
• Bx = 4
• Cx = 5
• Dx = 7/2

What is the solution pair (x, y) to the system of linear equations: 2x + 3y = 19 5x - y = 5?

• Ax = 2, y = 5
• Bx = 5, y = 2
• Cx = 3, y = 4
• Dx = 1, y = 0

Factor completely the quadratic trinomial: 2x² + 7x - 15.

• A(2x - 3)(x + 5)
• B(2x + 3)(x - 5)
• C(2x - 5)(x + 3)
• D(2x + 15)(x - 1)

What are the exact roots of the quadratic equation x² - 6x + 4 = 0?

• Ax = 3 ± √5
• Bx = 6 ± √5
• Cx = 3 ± 2√5
• Dx = -3 ± √5

Given the functions f(x) = 3x - 4 and g(x) = x² + 2, what is the value of the composite function (g ∘ f)(2)?

• A6
• B8
• C14
• D2

What is the slope-intercept equation of the line passing through the point (2, -1) and perpendicular to the line 3x - 6y = 12?

• Ay = -2x + 3
• By = 2x - 5
• Cy = -(1/2)x
• Dy = -2x - 5

What are the coordinates of the center (h, k) and the radius r of the circle defined by the general equation x² + y² - 8x + 6y + 9 = 0?

• ACenter (4, -3), radius r = 4
• BCenter (-4, 3), radius r = 4
• CCenter (4, -3), radius r = 16
• DCenter (-8, 6), radius r = 3

A 10-meter ladder leans against a vertical building wall, making an angle of 60° with the horizontal ground. What vertical height on the wall does the top of the ladder reach?

• A5√3 meters (approximately 8.66 m)
• B5 meters
• C10√3 meters
• D5√2 meters (approximately 7.07 m)

A microbial culture initially contains 500 cells and doubles in population every 4 hours under ideal laboratory conditions. How many bacterial cells will be present after 12 hours?

• A4,000 cells
• B2,000 cells
• C1,500 cells
• D8,000 cells

Solve the rational equation for x: 3/(x - 2) + 2/(x + 1) = 7/(x² - x - 2).

• Ax = 8/5
• Bx = 2
• Cx = -1
• Dx = 6/5

In an arithmetic progression, the first term is a1 = 7 and the common difference is d = 3. What is the sum of the first 20 terms (S20)?

• A710
• B640
• C740
• D1,420

How many distinct 4-digit passcode combinations can be formed using the digits {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} if each digit can be used at most once?

• A840
• B35
• C2,401
• D5,040

An urn contains 5 red balls, 4 green balls, and 3 blue balls. If two balls are drawn at random without replacement, what is the probability that both selected balls are red?

• A5/33
• B25/144
• C5/12
• D1/6

A student records the following eight quiz scores: {4, 7, 8, 8, 9, 12, 14, 18}. What are the arithmetic mean and the median of this dataset, respectively?

• AMean = 10, Median = 8.5
• BMean = 10, Median = 8
• CMean = 9.5, Median = 8.5
• DMean = 10, Median = 9

What are the coordinates of the vertex of the quadratic function y = -2x² + 8x - 3, and what is its concavity?

• AVertex (2, 5), opens downward
• BVertex (-2, -27), opens downward
• CVertex (2, 5), opens upward
• DVertex (4, -3), opens downward

Solve the logarithmic equation for x: log₂(x + 3) + log₂(x - 1) = 5.

• Ax = 5
• Bx = 5 and x = -7
• Cx = 7
• Dx = 4

A vehicle accelerates uniformly from rest along a straight track to reach a velocity of 25 m/s over a displacement of 125 meters. What is the vehicle's constant acceleration?

• A2.5 m/s²
• B5.0 m/s²
• C1.25 m/s²
• D10.0 m/s²

A crate with mass m = 10 kg rests on a rough horizontal floor with a kinetic friction coefficient μk = 0.25. If a steady horizontal pulling force of 60 N is exerted on the crate, what is its resulting horizontal acceleration? (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)

• A3.55 m/s²
• B6.00 m/s²
• C2.45 m/s²
• D4.10 m/s²

An electric winch hoists an 80 kg load vertically through a height of 15 meters in 12 seconds at constant speed. What average mechanical power is delivered by the winch? (Take g = 9.8 m/s²)

• A980 W
• B1,200 W
• C800 W
• D11,760 W

How much thermal energy in joules is required to heat 250 grams of liquid water from 20°C to 80°C? (Specific heat capacity of water c = 4.184 J/(g·°C))

• A62,760 J
• B15,000 J
• C83,680 J
• D20,920 J

What mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) in grams is produced by the complete combustion of 64 grams of methane gas (CH4)? Reaction: CH4 + 2 O2 -> CO2 + 2 H2O (Atomic masses: C = 12 g/mol, H = 1 g/mol, O = 16 g/mol)

• A176 grams
• B44 grams
• C88 grams
• D132 grams

What is the molar concentration (molarity, M) of an aqueous solution prepared by dissolving 29.22 grams of pure sodium chloride (NaCl) in distilled water to form a total volume of 500 mL? (Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

• A1.00 M
• B0.50 M
• C2.00 M
• D0.25 M

An aqueous solution at 25°C has a hydronium ion concentration [H3O+] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M. What is the pH of this solution and its hydroxide ion concentration [OH-]? (Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C)

• ApH = 4.0, [OH-] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ M
• BpH = 10.0, [OH-] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M
• CpH = 4.0, [OH-] = 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ M
• DpH = 1.0, [OH-] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁰ M

Which of the following series of chemical elements is arranged in order of strictly increasing electronegativity across the periodic table according to the Pauling scale?

• ANa < Al < P < Cl
• BCl < P < Al < Na
• CF < O < N < C
• DCs < Ba < Fe < Fr

According to Lewis structure theory and valence bond concepts, which of the following diatomic molecules contains a triple covalent bond between its constituent atoms?

• AN2 (Diatomic nitrogen)
• BO2 (Diatomic oxygen)
• CCl2 (Diatomic chlorine)
• DH2 (Diatomic hydrogen)

A monochromatic beam of light traveling through air (refractive index n1 = 1.00) strikes the flat surface of a glass plate (refractive index n2 = 1.50) at an incidence angle θ1 = 30°. What is the exact value of the sine of the angle of refraction (sin θ2) inside the glass?

• A1/3 (approx. 0.333)
• B3/4 (approx. 0.750)
• C1/2 (approx. 0.500)
• D2/3 (approx. 0.667)

A simple direct current series circuit connects an ideal 12 V voltage source across two resistors: R1 = 4 Ω and R2 = 8 Ω. What is the total electric current flowing through the circuit and the electric potential difference across R2?

• ACurrent = 1.0 A, Potential difference across R2 = 8.0 V
• BCurrent = 1.5 A, Potential difference across R2 = 12.0 V
• CCurrent = 1.0 A, Potential difference across R2 = 4.0 V
• DCurrent = 0.75 A, Potential difference across R2 = 6.0 V

Which cellular organelle in eukaryotic organisms carries out the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation to generate the bulk of cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

• AMitochondria
• BEndoplasmic reticulum
• CGolgi apparatus
• DLysosomes

During the light-dependent reactions of oxygenic photosynthesis in chloroplast thylakoids, what is the source of electrons that replenishes the reaction center chlorophyll (P680) in photosystem II?

• APhotolysis of water molecules (H2O)
• BOxidation of glucose (C6H12O6)
• CReduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+)
• DFixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)

In garden pea plants (Pisum sativum), purple flower color (P) is completely dominant over white flower color (p). If two heterozygous purple-flowered individuals (Pp) are crossed, what phenotypic ratio is expected in their F1 progeny?

• A3 purple-flowered : 1 white-flowered
• B1 purple-flowered : 1 white-flowered
• C1 purple : 2 lavender : 1 white
• DAll purple-flowered plants

What is the base sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript produced from the following DNA template strand during transcription: 3'-TAC-GGA-TCA-5'?

• A5'-AUG-CCU-AGU-3'
• B5'-ATG-CCT-AGT-3'
• C5'-UAC-GGA-UCA-3'
• D3'-AUG-CCU-AGU-5'

In a forest ecosystem, primary producers generate 10,000 kJ of net primary productivity per square meter per year. Following Lindeman's empirical 10% ecological trophic transfer rule, approximately how much energy is assimilated by secondary consumers?

• A100 kJ
• B1,000 kJ
• C10 kJ
• D5,000 kJ

Read the following excerpt: "Aunque el acceso a plataformas digitales se ha masificado de manera extraordinaria en las últimas dos décadas, persiste una brecha cualitativa profunda respecto a la alfabetización mediática y crítica de los usuarios. La disponibilidad tecnológica no garantiza per se la capacidad de evaluar la veracidad de los flujos informativos ni de proteger la privacidad ciudadana." What is the central thesis defended by the author?

• AMass digital access does not automatically confer critical information literacy or privac…
• BTechnological advancement has eliminated societal disparities across the population.
• CDigital platforms have failed to expand access over the past twenty years.
• DInformational flows should be heavily restricted by technological service providers.

Choose the logical cohesive connector that correctly completes the sentence expressing an adversative relationship: "El equipo de investigación recabó una cantidad ingente de datos experimentales; _______, las conclusiones preliminares resultaron inconclusas debido a la heterogeneidad de las muestras."

• Ano obstante
• Bpor consiguiente
• Cen consecuencia
• Dasimismo

In Roman Jakobson's model of communication, which communicative function predominates in the following public health slogan: "¡Vacúnate hoy mismo y protege la salud de tu familia!"?

• AApelativa o conativa (Appellative / Conative)
• BReferencial o representativa (Referential)
• CMetalingüística (Metalinguistic)
• DPoética o estética (Poetic)

Which of the following Spanish words is properly classified as a "palabra esdrújula" and correctly written with an orthographic accent (tilde) according to standard Spanish accentuation rules?

• ASintáctico
• BComité
• CÁrbol
• DVolumen

In which of the following sentences is the diacritic accent (tilde diacrítica) used correctly according to Real Academia Española (RAE) rules?

• ASé muy bien que él preparó el reporte para mí.
• BSe muy bien que el preparó él reporte para mi.
• CSé muy bien que el preparó el reporte para mí.
• DSe muy bien que él preparó el reporte para mí.

In the Spanish sentence: "El comité directivo otorgó los diplomas de honor a los mejores estudiantes durante la ceremonia anual", what is the grammatical direct object (objeto directo)?

• Alos diplomas de honor
• Ba los mejores estudiantes
• CEl comité directivo
• Ddurante la ceremonia anual

Which of the following propositions represents a central argumentative thesis rather than a factual premise or empirical data point in an expository essay?

• ALa implementación de energías renovables debe ser la prioridad estratégica nacional para…
• BEn el año 2024, la generación solar representó el 14% de la matriz eléctrica nacional.
• CLos paneles fotovoltaicos transforman la radiación solar en corriente eléctrica continua.
• DEl costo de las baterías de iones de litio disminuyó un 80% entre 2010 y 2023.

In the academic sentence "El arqueólogo aportó pruebas fehacientes para demostrar el asentamiento prehispánico en la cuenca lacustre", what is the most precise contextual meaning of the adjective "fehacientes"?

• AFidedignas y comprobables (Trustworthy and verifiable)
• BProvisionales y tentativas (Provisional and tentative)
• CNovedosas y llamativas (Novel and striking)
• DDiscutibles y ambiguas (Questionable and ambiguous)

In the famous verses by Jorge Manrique: "Nuestras vidas son los ríos que van a dar en la mar, qu'es el morir", which rhetorical figure is primarily employed to conceptualize human existence?

• AMetáfora (Metaphor)
• BHipérbole (Hyperbole)
• CProsopopeya (Personification)
• DAliteración (Alliteration)

Read the following statement from a policy briefing: "Si bien los incentivos fiscales han acelerado la adopción de vehículos eléctricos en los estratos socioeconómicos de mayores ingresos, la falta de una red capilar de recarga pública en periferias urbanas refuerza un patrón de movilidad segregada." What underlying premise can be logically inferred from this analysis?

• APublic charging infrastructure is currently unequally distributed and concentrated away f…
• BFiscal incentives are completely ineffective at changing consumer behavior in vehicle mar…
• CPeripheral urban communities have legally banned electric vehicle ownership.
• DElectric vehicles consume more electricity than traditional transit systems.

Which of the following drafts appropriately uses a formal, administrative register for an official petition addressed to an academic authority?

• APor medio de la presente, me dirijo a usted con el debido respeto para solicitar la exped…
• BHola, le escribo este mensaje para ver si me echa la mano mandándome mi certificado lo an…
• COiga, profe, necesito que me pase mi papel de calificaciones porque ya me urge para la ch…
• DEstimado colega: pásame el documento que te pedí ayer a ver si ya quedó listo el trámite.

According to the punctuation rules established by the Real Academia Española, in which of the following compound sentences is the semicolon (punto y coma) used correctly?

• AEl primer grupo analizó las muestras de suelo, agua y aire; el segundo, la biodiversidad…
• BEl primer grupo; analizó las muestras de suelo, agua y aire, el segundo la biodiversidad…
• CEl primer grupo analizó; las muestras de suelo, agua y aire, el segundo la biodiversidad…
• DEl primer grupo analizó las muestras, de suelo; agua y aire, el segundo la biodiversidad.

Which sentence correctly uses the homophones "revelar" (to disclose, unveil, or photographically develop) and "rebelar" (to revolt, mutiny, or rebel against authority)?

• AEl periodista decidió revelar los documentos confidenciales cuando los ciudadanos comenza…
• BEl periodista decidió rebelar los documentos confidenciales cuando los ciudadanos comenza…
• CEl periodista decidió revelar los documentos confidenciales cuando los ciudadanos comenza…
• DEl periodista decidió rebelar los documentos confidenciales cuando los ciudadanos comenza…

Read the following source paragraph: "La pérdida acelerada de polinizadores silvestres, provocada por el monocultivo intensivo, el uso excesivo de pesticidas neonicotinoides y la fragmentación de hábitats, amenaza la seguridad alimentaria mundial. Aproximadamente el 75% de los cultivos que alimentan a la humanidad dependen directamente de la polinización zoófila." Which option constitutes an objective, accurate academic summary of this excerpt?

• AAgricultural practices and habitat destruction threaten global food security because thre…
• BMonocultures and pesticides are catastrophic inventions that should be immediately prohib…
• CFood security is resilient because modern agricultural technology has completely replaced…
• DNeonicotinoids are the only chemical compounds responsible for global agricultural declin…