Moldova Gymnasium Graduation — Romanian Language & Literature

Which of the following characteristics fundamentally defines a literary work belonging to the lyric genre (genul liric)?

• AThe direct expression of subjective feelings, thoughts, and states of mind through the vo…
• BThe narration of an objective sequence of chronological events enacted by dynamic charact…
• CThe development of dramatic conflicts exclusively presented through direct theatrical dia…
• DThe factual, non-fictional exposition of historical events supported by statistical evide…

In Mihai Eminescu's poem 'Sara pe deal', what figure of speech is exemplified by the phrase 'luna pe cer trece-așa de sfântă'?

• AA hyperbole (hiperbolă)
• BAn epithet (epitet)
• CAn antithesis (antiteză)
• DAn oxymoron (oximoron)

Consider the line from Vasile Alecsandri's pastel 'Iarna': 'Din văzduh cumplita iarnă cerne norii de zăpadă'. Which stylistic device is created by attributing the human action of 'cerne' (sifting) to 'cumplita iarnă'?

• AAllegory (alegorie)
• BSimile (comparație)
• CPersonification (personificare)
• DLitotes (litotă)

Which of the following literary species (specii literare) is defined as a brief epic narrative in verse or prose that uses animal personification to critique human vices and concludes with an explicit moral lesson (morală)?

• AThe sketch (schița)
• BThe novella (nuvela)
• CThe ballad (balada)
• DThe fable (fabula)

In Ion Creangă's autobiographical work 'Amintiri din copilărie', what type of narrative perspective is established by the protagonist-narrator speaking as 'eu'?

• AFirst-person subjective perspective (perspectivă narativă subiectivă / narator-personaj)
• BThird-person omniscient perspective (perspectivă narativă omniscientă / narator demiurg)
• CSecond-person epistolary perspective (perspectivă narativă la persoana a II-a)
• DThird-person objective / behavioral perspective (perspectivă narativă dindărăt / neutră)

Which of the following works by I.L. Caragiale belongs to the species of the sketch (schiță), depicting a humorous episode involving a pampered child on a train ride?

• AO scrisoare pierdută
• BD-l Goe...
• CNăpasta
• DMoara cu noroc

When an author reveals a character's arrogance through their arrogant tone of voice, impatient gestures, and mistreatment of servants rather than explicit narrator statements, which characterization method is being utilized?

• ADirect characterization by the narrator (caracterizare directă de către narator)
• BDirect self-characterization (autocaracterizare directă)
• CIndirect characterization (caracterizare indirectă)
• DDirect characterization by secondary characters (caracterizare directă de către alte pers…

In Lucian Blaga's art-poetic manifesto 'Eu nu strivesc corola de minuni a lumii', what stylistic mechanism transforms 'corola de minuni a lumii' into a metaphor (metaforă)?

• AThe explicit grammatical comparison of nature to a flower using the preposition 'ca'
• BThe exaggeration of floral dimensions to convey overwhelming sensory panic
• CThe phonetic imitation of botanical sounds through acoustic alliteration
• DThe direct substitution and identification of the world's universal cosmic mysteries with…

Which of the following elements is an unmistakable conventional formula marking the opening of a Romanian folk fairytale (basm popular)?

• AA fost odată ca niciodată; că de n-ar fi, nu s-ar mai povesti...
• BȘi-am încălecat pe-o șa, și v-am spus povestea așa.
• CIar eu, ca un om de treabă, mi-am luat traista-n băț...
• DTrăia odată un negustor bătrân care ținea un jurnal secret...

Identify the figure of speech present in the phrase: 'Timpul trecea grăbit, ca o apă repede de munte'.

• AAn oxymoron (oximoron)
• BA comparison (comparație)
• CA personification (personificare)
• DA synecdoche (sinecdocă)

In the poetry of Moldovan national poet Grigore Vieru, which motif represents the sacred source of existence, unconditional love, and spiritual identity?

• AThe industrial factory (motivul uzinei)
• BThe maritime storm (motivul furtunii marine)
• CThe mother (motivul mamei)
• DThe cosmic machine (motivul mecanismului cosmic)

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a novella (nuvela), such as 'Alexandru Lăpușneanul' by Costache Negruzzi, from a sketch (schița)?

• AA strictly humorous subject matter resolved in a single dialogic scene without dramatic t…
• BThe absolute dominance of the lyric voice expressing personal philosophical confessions
• CThe exclusive use of rhymed verse and mythological invocations
• DA more extensive, solidly constructed plot centered on a strong central conflict and in-d…

What is the primary theatrical function of stage directions (didascalii / indicații scenice) in a dramatic text?

• ATo guide the staging, scenic decor, character gestures, facial expressions, and emotional…
• BTo express the personal lyrical sentiments of the playwright directly to the theatre audi…
• CTo provide statistical footnotes explaining historical terminology to academic scholars
• DTo replace the characters' dialogue with rhymed choral ballads

What figure of speech is demonstrated in the folklore description: 'Mergea voinicul și sărea peste munți dintr-un pas, iar când striga se cutremurau cerurile'?

• AEuphemism (eufemism)
• BHyperbole (hiperbolă)
• CChiasmus (chiasm)
• DAntithesis (antiteză)

Which of the following textual features is a primary distinguishing hallmark of an informative, non-literary text (text nonliterar / informativ)?

• AExtensive reliance on polysemous words and metaphorical ambiguity to stimulate aesthetic…
• BCreation of an imaginary, fictional world governed by invented characters and dramatic co…
• CUse of denotative, objective, and precise vocabulary aimed at transmitting verifiable fac…
• DStructural division into stanzas with rhythm, rhyme, and subjective lyric persona markers

In Ion Druță's iconic novel 'Frunze de dor', what core spiritual conflict defines the relationship between the young peasant Gheorghe Doinaru and Rusanda?

• AA fierce military rivalry on the battlefields of World War I
• BA commercial conflict over the inheritance of a regional industrial textile factory
• CAn irreconcilable religious dispute regarding competing monastery orders
• DThe tension between deep attachment to traditional rural labor and the land versus the pu…

In Mihai Eminescu's 'Scrisoarea III', what overarching artistic device organizes the confrontation between the glorious historical past (Mircea cel Bătrân) and the degraded contemporary political present?

• AAntithesis (antiteza)
• BInversion (inversiunea)
• CEpithet (epitetul)
• DApostrophe (apostrofa)

Which Romanian literary species, masterfully cultivated in Romanian literature by Vasile Alecsandri, consists of a descriptive lyric poem celebrating landscapes and seasonal nature paintings?

• AThe elegy (elegia)
• BThe pastel (pastelul)
• CThe epigram (epigrama)
• DThe ode (oda)

In Romanian prosody, what rhyme pattern is formed when line 1 rhymes with line 4, and line 2 rhymes with line 3 (abba)?

• ACrossed rhyme (rimă încrucișată)
• BPaired rhyme (rimă împerecheată)
• CEmbraced rhyme (rimă îmbrățișată)
• DMonorhyme (monorimă)

The masterpiece 'Miorița', discovered and published by Vasile Alecsandri, belongs to which traditional oral literary species?

• AFolk fairytale (basm popular)
• BFolk comedy (comedie populară)
• CColindă de stea
• DFolk ballad (baladă populară / cântec bătrânesc)

In theatrical analysis of Caragiale's comedies, which comic category is demonstrated by names like 'Zaharia Trahanache' (suggesting soft dough, malleable principles) and 'Nae Cațavencu' (suggesting empty demagogic screeching)?

• AComic of names (comicul de nume)
• BComic of situation (comicul de situație)
• CComic of costume (comicul de moravuri / vestimentar)
• DComic of intentions (comicul de intenție)

In the ballad 'Miorița', what profound symbolic meaning is conveyed by the shepherd's allegory of death as a cosmic wedding ('Să le spui curat / Că m-am însurat / C-o mândră crăiasă, / A lumii mireasă...')?

• AAn actual historical marriage ceremony arranged with a neighboring royal dynasty
• BThe peaceful integration of human departure into the eternal cosmic order of nature, tran…
• CA fearful condemnation of demonic forces residing in mountain forests
• DA comic joke intended to deceive his mother into laughing

What is the key difference between explicit information (informație explicită) and implicit information (informație implicită) in reading comprehension?

• AExplicit information is always metaphorical, whereas implicit information contains only s…
• BExplicit information reflects only the opinions of antagonists, whereas implicit informat…
• CExplicit information is directly stated in the text, whereas implicit information must be…
• DExplicit information is found solely in poetry, whereas implicit information appears excl…

When a character says in a dramatic monologue: 'Sunt un om naiv și am crezut orbește în promisiunile tuturor', which characterization procedure is employed?

• AIndirect characterization through physical attire
• BDirect characterization formulated by an objective narrator
• CCharacterization through domestic environment (decor)
• DSelf-characterization (autocaracterizare)

Which of the following textual elements constitutes a formal grammatical marker of the lyric persona (marcă a eului liric)?

• AFirst-person singular or plural verbs and personal pronouns (e.g., 'văd', 'simt', 'eu', '…
• BThird-person past tense verbs recounting external actions (e.g., 'a plecat', 'au construi…
• CNeutral scientific definitions written in impersonal passives
• DStage directions printed in italics specifying stage decor

In Romanian word formation, which of the following words is formed through prefixation (derivare cu prefix)?

• AGrădinar
• BStrăbunic
• CCopilărie
• DLemnos

Which of the following Romanian words is formed by adding an agent suffix (sufix de agent) indicating a profession or occupation?

• ACăsuță
• BAlbăstrui
• CZiditor
• DBunătate

What word formation process (derivare parasintetică) is illustrated by the verb 'a împăduri'?

• ASuccessive compounding of two independent roots followed by phonetic clipping
• BGrammatical conversion of a preposition into a verbal infinitive
• CBorrowing an unassimilated neologism from French without morphological alteration
• DSimultaneous attachment of a prefix (în-/îm-) and a suffix (-i) to a root noun (pădure)

Which of the following compound nouns is formed by juxtaposition with a hyphen (compunere prin alăturare cu cratimă) according to Romanian orthography?

• AFloarea-soarelui
• BBunăvoință
• CDespre
• DAstăzi

Which of the following compound words is formed by fusion / welding (compunere prin sudare / contopire)?

• ACâine-lup
• BBinefacere
• CRea-credință
• DPrim-ministru

In the sentence 'Bătrânul a zâmbit cu bunătate', what morphological conversion (conversiune / schimbarea valorii gramaticale) has occurred in the word 'bătrânul'?

• AA noun has been converted into an invariable adverb
• BA verb participle has become a qualitative preposition
• CAn adjective has become a noun through substantivization with the definite article (adjec…
• DA personal pronoun has been converted into an indefinite article

Compare the two sentences: 1. 'El a dat un răspuns corect.' 2. 'El a răspuns corect la toate întrebările.' What is the grammatical status of the word 'corect' in sentence 2?

• AA qualitative adjective agreeing in gender and number with the verb
• BA modal noun functioning as direct object
• CA coordinating conjunction joining two predicative clauses
• DAn adverb of manner formed by conversion from an adjective (adverb de mod provenit din ad…

Which of the following groups of words belongs strictly to the same lexical family (familia lexicală) of the root word 'floare'?

• AFloricică, florărie, înflorit, florar
• BFloricică, fluture, fluier, floare
• CFlorar, fluvial, fluent, înflorit
• DFlorărie, foaie, fântână, florar

What is the crucial conceptual difference between a lexical family (familie lexicală) and a semantic field (câmp lexical)?

• AA lexical family contains only foreign borrowings, while a semantic field contains only a…
• BA lexical family is defined by a common morphological root, while a semantic field compri…
• CA lexical family is composed exclusively of verbs, while a semantic field consists exclus…
• DA lexical family must have identical rhyme sounds, while a semantic field has identical s…

Which of the following is an accurate contextual synonym for the literary word 'tihnă' in the phrase 'se bucura de tihna serii'?

• AGrabă
• BAgitație
• CLiniște
• DZgomot

What is the antonym of the adjective 'efemer' in the syntagm 'o bucurie efemeră'?

• ATrecător
• BScurt
• CVremelnic
• DEtern

Select the sentence that uses the paronym 'eminent' correctly in accordance with standard literary Romanian:

• AProfesorul a lăudat rezultatele excepționale ale acestui student eminent.
• BPericolul unei furtuni violente era eminent și toți s-au adăpostit.
• CPlecarea trenului din gară este un eveniment eminent în următoarele minute.
• DDecizia judecătorească a devenit eminentă imediat după expirarea termenului.

Which sentence correctly demonstrates the paronym 'complement' as distinct from 'compliment'?

• ATânărul i-a adresat un complement plăcut colegei sale de clasă.
• BÎn propoziția dată, elevul a identificat un complement direct exprimat prin substantiv.
• CNu a știut cum să reacționeze la acel complement neașteptat.
• DPoliticianul a primit numeroase complemente pentru discursul său elegant.

Which of the following sentences correctly applies the distinction between the paronyms 'a emigra' and 'a imigra'?

• AMulte familii au decis să imigreze din țara de origine și să emigreze în Canada.
• BCercetătorul a emigrat definitiv în Australia fără să părăsească vreodată Europa.
• CMulte familii au decis să emigreze din țara de origine și să imigreze în Canada.
• DCetățeanul a imigrat din Moldova din motive economice.

Choose the option that correctly illustrates the paronym 'originar' (originating from / native of):

• AMuzeul expune un tablou originar pictat de Nicolae Grigorescu.
• BIdeea propusă de inginer a fost foarte originară și inovatoare.
• CManuscrisul originar a fost pierdut în timpul incendiului.
• DScriitorul Ion Druță este originar din satul Horodiște.

The Romanian noun 'corn' has multiple plural forms with distinct meanings: - 'coarne' (horns of an animal) - 'cornuri' (croissants / pastry horns) - 'corni' (cornel trees) How is the word 'corn' classified in lexicology?

• AA partial lexical homonym (omonim lexical parțial)
• BA total grammatical homonym (omonim lexical total)
• CA syntactic paronym
• DA functional synonym

What linguistic distinction separates homophones (omofone) from homographs (omografe)?

• AHomophones have identical grammatical categories, while homographs belong to foreign lang…
• BHomophones are pronounced identically but spelled differently (e.g., 's-au' / 'sau'), whi…
• CHomophones are used only in verse, while homographs appear exclusively in prose dialogue
• DHomophones have identical antonyms, while homographs have identical prefixes

In the phrases 'cap de familie', 'capul mesei', and 'a avea dureri de cap', how is the word 'cap' functioning linguistically?

• AAs three completely unrelated total homonyms that accidentally share spelling
• BAs three paronyms differentiated by grammatical gender
• CAs a polysemous word (cuvânt polisemantic) whose diverse figurative senses stem from a co…
• DAs invariable coordinating conjunctions

In which of the following sentences does the word 'aur' carry a figurative meaning (sens figurat)?

• AInelul dăruit de bunicul său este fabricat din aur masiv de 14 karate.
• BRomânia deține rezerve importante de aur în zăcămintele montane.
• CPrețul gramului de aur a crescut la bursa internațională.
• DToamna a așternut un covor de aur peste cărările pădurii.

What is the meaning of the Romanian phraseological expression 'a-și lua inima în dinți'?

• AA prinde curaj și a îndrăzni să înfrunte o situație dificilă
• BA suferi o durere fizică insuportabilă la nivelul maxilarului
• CA deveni extrem de zgârcit și lacom cu bunurile materiale
• DA refuza categoric să vorbească în fața autorităților

What is the meaning of the Romanian verbal phrase 'a băga de seamă' in standard usage?

• AA plăti o sumă mare de bani la bancă
• BA observa cu atenție, a sesiza un fapt
• CA pedepsi aspru un vinovat
• DA semna un contract de angajare

Which of the following phrases contains a lexical pleonasm (pleonasm)?

• AA merge repede
• BA citi atent
• CA avansa înainte
• DA scrie frumos