DNEC — Diplôme National d'Expertise Comptable (Morocco)

Under the Moroccan Code Général de Normalisation Comptable (CGNC), which fundamental accounting principle assumes that an enterprise will continue its operational activities into the foreseeable future without the intention or necessity of liquidation or significant curtailment?

• APrinciple of going concern (Continuité d'exploitation)
• BPrinciple of historical cost (Coût historique)
• CPrinciple of prudence (Prudence)
• DPrinciple of consistency (Permanence des méthodes)

Which accounting principle under the Moroccan CGNC requires that revenues and expenses be allocated to the exact fiscal year in which the underlying transactions occurred, irrespective of their date of cash payment or collection?

• APrinciple of accruals and cutoff (Spécialisation des exercices)
• BPrinciple of clarity (Clarté)
• CPrinciple of materiality (Importance significative)
• DPrinciple of intangibility of the opening balance sheet (Intangibilité du bilan d'ouvertu…

How does the principle of prudence (principe de prudence) under the Moroccan CGNC treat unrealized gains versus foreseeable risks and potential losses identified at the balance sheet date?

• AUnrealized gains are never recognized in profit or loss, whereas foreseeable risks and po…
• BBoth unrealized gains and unrealized losses must be recognized immediately in the Compte…
• CForeseeable losses are only recognized when confirmed by a final court ruling or formal c…
• DUnrealized gains are credited directly to statutory reserves, while foreseeable losses ar…

A Moroccan industrial company acquires manufacturing equipment on 1 January of Year 1 for 400,000 DH excluding VAT, with an estimated useful life of 5 years. Under Moroccan tax and accounting rules for declining balance depreciation (amortissement dégressif), what is the depreciation charge for Year 1?

• A160,000 DH
• B80,000 DH
• C120,000 DH
• D200,000 DH

Following the acquisition of an industrial machine for 500,000 DH depreciated under the Moroccan declining balance method over 5 years (rate 40%), when must the company switch from the declining balance rate to the straight-line rate on remaining net book value (VNA)?

• AAt the beginning of Year 4, because the straight-line rate on remaining life (1/2 = 50%)…
• BAt the beginning of Year 3, because the straight-line rate on remaining life (1/3 = 33.33…
• CAt the beginning of Year 5, because the entire remaining net book value must always be wr…
• DNo switch is permitted; the 40% declining balance rate must be applied continuously until…

Regarding the valuation of fungible inventory items under the Moroccan CGNC, which valuation method is explicitly prohibited?

• ALast-In, First-Out (LIFO / DEPS - Dernier Entré, Premier Sorti)
• BFirst-In, First-Out (FIFO / PEPS - Premier Entré, Premier Sorti)
• CWeighted Average Cost calculated after each delivery (Coût Moyen Pondéré après chaque ent…
• DWeighted Average Cost calculated over the inventory turnover period (Coût Moyen Pondéré s…

At the closing date of 31 December, a Moroccan company holds a commercial trade debt of 100,000 EUR recorded initially at 1,050,000 MAD (1 EUR = 10.50 MAD). On 31 December, the exchange rate is 1 EUR = 11.00 MAD. How must this unrealized transaction be recognized under CGNC standards?

• ACredit 4411 (Fournisseurs) by 50,000 MAD, debit 3702 (Augmentation des dettes circulantes…
• BDebit 6598 (Charges non courantes) by 50,000 MAD and credit 4411 (Fournisseurs) by 50,000…
• CDirectly credit 7331 (Gains de change) by 50,000 MAD and debit 3702 by 50,000 MAD to alig…
• DNo entry is made because Moroccan accounting strictly prohibits recording unrealized fore…

Under the Moroccan CGNC, under what specific conditions may applied research and development expenses be capitalized as frais de recherche et développement rather than expensed immediately?

• AThe projects must be clearly individualized, have serious chances of technical success an…
• BAll R&D expenses exceeding 50,000 MAD must be capitalized automatically by legal requirem…
• CCapitalization is permitted only if the company has obtained an official tax exemption ru…
• DFundamental basic research may be capitalized, while applied development expenses must al…

A newly created Moroccan enterprise incurs 150,000 DH in company constitution fees (frais de constitution) recorded in account 2111 (Frais préliminaires). Under Moroccan accounting and corporate law (Law 17-95), what are the legal amortization rules and profit distribution constraints governing this asset?

• AThey must be amortized as rapidly as possible and no later than the end of the fifth year…
• BThey can be amortized indefinitely based on annual free cash flow, with no restriction on…
• CThey must be amortized over exactly 10 years, and profit distributions are reduced by 10%…
• DThey cannot be amortized and must remain permanently on the balance sheet until company l…

In the Moroccan État des Soldes de Gestion (ESG), a manufacturing entity reports for Year N: Sales of produced goods (Ventes de biens et services produits) = 8,000,000 DH; Ending finished goods inventory = 1,200,000 DH; Beginning finished goods inventory = 900,000 DH; Capitalized production (Immobilisations produites par l'entreprise pour elle-même) = 300,000 DH. What is the Production de l'exercice?

• A8,600,000 DH
• B8,000,000 DH
• C7,400,000 DH
• D8,300,000 DH

A Moroccan commercial and manufacturing firm reports: Gross commercial margin (Marge brute sur ventes en l'état) = 2,500,000 DH; Production of the fiscal year (Production de l'exercice) = 12,000,000 DH; Raw materials consumed (Achats consommés de matières et fournitures) = 6,200,000 DH; Other external charges (Autres charges externes) = 1,800,000 DH. What is the Value Added (Valeur Ajoutée - VA) in the ESG?

• A6,500,000 DH
• B4,000,000 DH
• C8,300,000 DH
• D5,800,000 DH

Based on the Moroccan ESG, if a company generates a Value Added (Valeur Ajoutée) of 9,000,000 DH, receives Operating Subsidies (Subventions d'exploitation) of 500,000 DH, pays Operating Taxes (Impôts et taxes) of 300,000 DH, and incurs Personnel Expenses (Charges de personnel) of 4,200,000 DH, what is its Gross Operating Surplus (Excédent Brut d'Exploitation - EBE)?

• A5,000,000 DH
• B4,000,000 DH
• C4,500,000 DH
• D5,500,000 DH

A Moroccan company calculates its Capacité d'Autofinancement (CAF) using the additive method from Net Income (Résultat net). For Year N, it reports: Résultat net = +1,800,000 DH; Operating depreciation & provisions = 600,000 DH; Financial provisions = 80,000 DH; Non-current depreciation & provisions = 120,000 DH; Operating reversals = 100,000 DH; Financial reversals = 20,000 DH; Non-current reversals = 30,000 DH; Net book value of sold assets (VNA) = 250,000 DH; Proceeds from asset disposals (Produits des cessions) = 400,000 DH; Investment subsidy quote-part transferred to profit/loss = 50,000 DH. What is the CAF?

• A2,250,000 DH
• B2,600,000 DH
• C2,450,000 DH
• D1,950,000 DH

In the Moroccan Compte de Produits et Charges (CPC), how is the Current Result (Résultat courant) defined?

• AOperating Result plus Financial Result (Résultat d'exploitation + Résultat financier)
• BGross Operating Surplus minus Depreciation Charges (EBE - Dotations aux amortissements)
• CNet Result before Corporate Income Tax minus Non-Current Result
• DOperating Revenue minus Financial Charges

A Moroccan enterprise holds an overdue receivable from Client XYZ for 120,000 DH including 20% VAT. The debtor enters judicial liquidation, and the recovery rate is estimated at 30% (probable loss of 70%). What are the required journal entries under Moroccan CGNC?

• AReclassify 120,000 DH from 3421 (Clients) to 3424 (Clients douteux ou litigieux); calcula…
• BDirectly write off 120,000 DH to 6182 (Pertes sur créances irrécouvrables) and credit 342…
• CDebit 6196 and credit 3942 for 84,000 DH (120,000 DH × 70%), because Moroccan accounting…
• DDebit 3424 by 100,000 DH and debit 4455 (État TVA facturée) by 20,000 DH immediately upon…

How is a commercial equipment lease under a financial leasing contract (crédit-bail) accounted for in the individual statutory financial statements of a Moroccan lessee under the CGNC?

• APeriodic lease payments are recorded as operating expenses in Account 6132 (Redevances de…
• BThe leased asset is capitalized on the asset side in Account 2332 with a corresponding fi…
• CLease payments are split into interest expense (Account 6311) and principal debt repaymen…
• DThe asset is recorded off-balance sheet without any requirement for disclosure in the not…

A Moroccan company receives an investment subsidy (subvention d'investissement) of 1,000,000 DH to finance industrial equipment costing 2,500,000 DH depreciated straight-line over 10 years. Under the CGNC, how is this subsidy recognized and phased into the income statement?

• ACredited initially to Account 1311 (Subventions d'investissement reçues) under Capitaux p…
• BRecognized immediately as operational turnover in Account 7111 upon notification of the g…
• CCredited as a direct deduction against the acquisition cost of the equipment in Account 2…
• DKept permanently in equity account 1311 until the company is dissolved

Under Moroccan accounting methodology for consolidated financial statements (Méthodologie relative aux comptes consolidés issued by the Conseil National de la Comptabilité - CNC), when is the Full Consolidation method (Intégration globale) required?

• AWhen the parent company exercises exclusive control (contrôle exclusif) over an entity, d…
• BWhen the parent company holds between 20% and 50% of the voting rights and exercises sign…
• CWhen two or more distinct shareholder groups exercise shared joint control under a statut…
• DExclusively when the parent company owns 100% of the subsidiary's share capital

How do Moroccan consolidation standards distinguish between the application of Proportional Consolidation (Intégration proportionnelle) and the Equity Method (Mise en équivalence)?

• AProportional consolidation applies to entities under joint control (contrôle conjoint) by…
• BProportional consolidation is used for foreign subsidiaries, whereas the equity method is…
• CThe equity method integrates 100% of the subsidiary's balance sheet but excludes its inco…
• DBoth methods are completely interchangeable at the unconstrained discretion of company di…

In a Moroccan corporate group, Parent Company P owns 80% of Subsidiary S (consolidated via intégration globale). During Year N, P sold merchandise costing 400,000 DH to S for 600,000 DH (internal margin = 200,000 DH). At 31 December, S still holds half of this merchandise in its inventory. What consolidated eliminating entry is required for unrealized intragroup margin?

• ADebit Consolidated Net Profit / Reserves by 100,000 DH and credit Consolidated Ending Inv…
• BDebit Consolidated Net Profit / Reserves by 200,000 DH and credit Consolidated Ending Inv…
• CDebit Consolidated Revenues by 600,000 DH and credit Consolidated Purchases by 600,000 DH…
• DNo adjustment is required because the sale was executed between legally autonomous compan…

Under Article 5 of the Moroccan General Tax Code (Code Général des Impôts - CGI), what is the foundational rule governing the territoriality of Corporate Income Tax (Impôt sur les Sociétés - IS)?

• ACompanies, whether having their registered office in Morocco or abroad, are subject to IS…
• BCompanies with their head office in Morocco are taxable on their worldwide consolidated i…
• CForeign companies operating in Morocco are exempt from IS if their annual turnover is und…
• DIS is assessed strictly on cash disbursements made through Moroccan banking institutions,…

In Year 1, a Moroccan SARL acquires a passenger car (véhicule de transport de personnes) for general managerial use for 420,000 DH including VAT. The company depreciates it straight-line over 5 years (20% per year, or 84,000 DH/year). Under Article 10 of the 2026 Moroccan CGI, what is the maximum deductible tax depreciation and the required tax reintegration for Year 1?

• AMaximum deductible depreciation is 80,000 DH; the company must reintegrate 4,000 DH into…
• BMaximum deductible depreciation is 84,000 DH; no reintegration is required because the ve…
• CMaximum deductible depreciation is 400,000 DH; the company can deduct the entire ceiling…
• DNo depreciation is deductible for passenger cars under Moroccan tax law; 84,000 DH must b…

A Moroccan corporation pays 45,000 DH in late-payment tax penalties (pénalités et majorations de retard) and 15,000 DH in traffic fines incurred by delivery drivers. Under Article 11 of the Moroccan CGI, what is the tax treatment of these expenses?

• ABoth the tax penalties (45,000 DH) and traffic fines (15,000 DH) are non-deductible for I…
• BTax penalties are deductible because they arise from fiscal obligations, while traffic fi…
• CTraffic fines are deductible as operating logistics costs, while tax penalties are deduct…
• DBoth are fully deductible provided they are supported by official government treasury rec…

A Moroccan SA with a share capital of 2,000,000 DH (fully paid up) receives a shareholder loan (avance en compte courant d'associé) of 3,000,000 DH throughout Year N. The company pays interest to the shareholder at a rate of 4.5%. For Year N, the statutory maximum deductible interest rate fixed by the Ministry of Economy and Finance is 2.5%. What is the tax-deductible interest and the required tax reintegration?

• ADeductible interest is 50,000 DH (2,000,000 DH × 2.5%); the excess interest of 85,000 DH…
• BDeductible interest is 75,000 DH (3,000,000 DH × 2.5%); the excess interest of 60,000 DH…
• CDeductible interest is 135,000 DH; the full contractual interest is deductible because th…
• DZero interest is deductible because shareholder loan advances are considered disguised eq…

Under Article 10 of the Moroccan CGI, what procedural requirement must a company satisfy for a provision for doubtful debt (créance douteuse) to be accepted as a tax-deductible charge?

• AThe debt must be individualized, clearly specify the risk of loss, and the enterprise mus…
• BThe company must obtain a certificate of uncollectibility from the regional tax inspector…
• CThe debtor must be formally declared in cessation of payments by the Commercial Court wit…
• DA collective statistical provision of up to 5% of trade receivables is deductible automat…

Under Article 12 of the Moroccan CGI, what are the statutory rules governing the carryforward of corporate tax operating deficits (report déficitaire) and deferred depreciation (amortissements réputés différés - ARD)?

• AOrdinary operating tax losses can be carried forward for up to 4 consecutive fiscal years…
• BAll tax losses, including operating and depreciation components, can be carried forward i…
• COperating tax losses must be utilized within 1 fiscal year, while depreciation losses exp…
• DTax loss carryforwards are limited to 3 years and capped at 50% of the taxable profit of…

Under the Moroccan tax reform instituted by Finance Law No. 50-22 (gradually converging corporate tax rates from 2023 to 2026 under CGI Article 19), what is the standard target rate of Corporate Income Tax (IS) for non-financial companies with taxable net profit below 100,000,000 DH?

• A20%
• B10%
• C31%
• D35%

A Moroccan commercial trading firm subject to IS reports for Year N: Turnover excluding VAT (Chiffre d'affaires HT) = 16,000,000 DH; Incidental operating income (Produits accessoires) = 1,500,000 DH; Financial income from interest = 500,000 DH; Operating subsidies received = 2,000,000 DH. Under CGI Article 144, what is the taxable base and the amount of the Cotisation Minimale (CM) at the general standard rate of 0.25%?

• ABase = 20,000,000 DH; Cotisation Minimale = 50,000 DH
• BBase = 16,000,000 DH; Cotisation Minimale = 40,000 DH
• CBase = 18,000,000 DH; Cotisation Minimale = 45,000 DH
• DBase = 20,000,000 DH; Cotisation Minimale = 3,000 DH

Under Article 144 of the Moroccan CGI, what is the exemption period from the Cotisation Minimale (CM) granted to newly incorporated commercial enterprises?

• AThey are exempt from the Cotisation Minimale during the first 36 months following the dat…
• BThey are exempt during the first 12 months following formal commercial registration (RC)
• CThey are exempt permanently as long as cumulative accounting turnover remains below 5,000…
• DThere is no exemption from the Cotisation Minimale; all Moroccan companies must pay at le…

A Moroccan corporation in its 5th year of operation calculates Corporate Income Tax (IS) of 35,000 DH on taxable profit. Its Cotisation Minimale (CM) for the same year is 60,000 DH. Under the 2026 Moroccan CGI, what amount is payable, and does the 25,000 DH difference create a future tax credit?

• AThe corporation must pay 60,000 DH, and the 25,000 DH excess over calculated IS does not…
• BThe corporation pays 35,000 DH because theoretical IS on profit always takes legal preced…
• CThe corporation must pay 95,000 DH (both IS and CM are cumulatively payable under Morocca…
• DThe corporation pays 35,000 DH now and carries the 25,000 DH balance forward for three ye…

Under the Moroccan General Tax Code (CGI), how does an operation that is 'exempt from VAT without right of deduction' (Article 91) differ from an operation that is 'exempt from VAT with right of deduction' (Article 92)?

• AUnder Article 91, the seller charges no VAT on sales and cannot recover or deduct any inp…
• BUnder Article 91, the buyer pays VAT directly to the Treasury, while under Article 92, th…
• COperations under Article 91 are subject to corporate income tax exemption, while Article…
• DBoth regimes allow identical input VAT deductions, but Article 92 requires an administrat…

A Moroccan diversified enterprise reports the following turnover figures for Year N-1: Sales subject to VAT at 20% = 12,000,000 DH (VAT = 2,400,000 DH); Export sales exempt with right of deduction (Article 92) = 6,000,000 DH (fictitious VAT at 20% = 1,200,000 DH); Sales of exempt agricultural products without right of deduction (Article 91) = 4,000,000 DH. Under CGI Article 101, what is the VAT deduction prorata (prorata de déduction) applicable in Year N?

• A85%
• B82%
• C75%
• D81.8%

A Moroccan company acquired movable industrial equipment on 15 March Year 1 for 600,000 DH plus 120,000 DH VAT, which it fully deducted. It sells the equipment on 10 October Year 3. Under Articles 102 and 104 of the 2026 Moroccan CGI, what capital-goods VAT regularization applies?

• A56,000 DH
• B72,000 DH
• C48,000 DH
• D0 DH because the asset was used for more than 2 full calendar years

What is the key legal difference between the Regime of Collection (régime de l'encaissement) and the Regime of Debits (régime des débits) regarding the chargeability (exigibilité) of Moroccan VAT?

• AUnder the collection regime (default rule), VAT is chargeable to the State upon actual ca…
• BUnder the collection regime, VAT is payable annually, while under debits, it is payable m…
• CThe collection regime applies only to goods sales, while the debits regime applies only t…
• DUnder the debits regime, input VAT on purchases cannot be deducted until the supplier is…

A Moroccan corporation (Holding SA) receives 2,000,000 DH in dividends from its 70%-owned Moroccan operational subsidiary. What is the tax treatment of this dividend income for Holding SA under Moroccan tax law (CGI Article 6-I-C)?

• AThe dividends benefit from a 100% tax allowance (abattement de 100%) and are fully deduct…
• BThe dividends are taxed at the standard corporate income tax rate of 20% without deduction
• CThe dividends are subject to a final non-recoverable withholding tax of 30% collected by…
• DThe dividends are exempt up to 500,000 DH, with the surplus taxed at a flat rate of 15%

A Moroccan company pays 500,000 DH to a foreign consulting firm residing in a non-treaty country for software engineering and technical assistance services performed for its Casablanca operations. Under CGI Articles 15 and 19, what withholding tax (Retenue à la source - RAS) applies?

• AA statutory withholding tax of 10% on the gross payment (50,000 DH) must be withheld at s…
• BA withholding tax of 20% on net profit after an assumed 50% deemed cost deduction
• CZero withholding tax because the consulting firm is located outside Moroccan territory
• DA flat withholding tax of 30% applied to all cross-border financial transactions

An executive employee in Morocco has a gross taxable salary (salaire brut imposable) of 120,000 DH for the year after deducting exempt allowances. Under Article 59 of the Moroccan CGI governing Personal Income Tax (IR), how is the deduction for professional expenses (frais professionnels) calculated?

• AA 25% deduction applies, giving 30,000 DH, which is below the 35,000 DH annual cap
• BA flat deduction of 50% is applied with no statutory monetary cap
• CA 35% deduction applies and is capped at 35,000 DH
• DProfessional expenses are fixed at an arbitrary lump sum of 10,000 DH for all Moroccan wa…

Under Article 74 of the Moroccan CGI, what is the annual tax credit for family dependents (charges de famille) deductible from personal income tax (IR)?

• A600 DH per dependent per year, up to a maximum limit of 6 dependents (maximum reduction o…
• B500 DH per dependent per year, with no limit on the number of dependent children
• C1,000 DH per dependent per year, capped at 3 dependents (maximum 3,000 DH)
• D360 DH per dependent per year, capped at 6 dependents (maximum 2,160 DH)

During a tax audit (vérification de comptabilité), the Moroccan tax administration issues a first notification of rectification under CGI Article 220. By what deadline must the taxpayer respond, and what follows if no response is filed?

• AThe taxpayer must respond within 30 days of receipt; without a timely response, the suppl…
• BThe taxpayer has 60 days to respond; failure to respond triggers an immediate criminal re…
• CThe taxpayer has 15 days to respond; failure to respond automatically annuls the entire a…
• DThe taxpayer has 90 days to respond; no legal consequence attaches until a court hearing…

Under Articles 225 bis and 226 of the 2026 Moroccan CGI, how is jurisdiction over accounting-audit disputes divided between the Regional Tax Appeals Commission (CRRF) and the National Tax Appeals Commission (CNRF)?

• AThe CRRF hears an accounting-audit dispute when declared turnover for every audited year…
• BThe CRRF handles criminal tax fraud, while the CNRF exclusively handles customs duties
• CThe CRRF hears all accounting audits below 50 million DH, while the CNRF acts only as an…
• DBoth commissions have identical parallel jurisdiction, so the taxpayer may select either…

Under Law No. 17-95 on Sociétés Anonymes (SA) in Morocco, what are the statutory minimum share capital requirements for a private SA versus a company making a public offering (appel public à l'épargne - APE)?

• A300,000 DH for a private SA; 3,000,000 DH for an SA making a public offering
• B100,000 DH for a private SA; 1,000,000 DH for an SA making a public offering
• C500,000 DH for a private SA; 5,000,000 DH for an SA making a public offering
• DNo minimum capital is required for any SA following the recent corporate modernization re…

What is the statutory minimum number of shareholders (actionnaires) required to incorporate and maintain a Société Anonyme (SA) under Moroccan Law No. 17-95?

• AAt least 5 shareholders
• BAt least 2 shareholders
• CAt least 7 shareholders
• DOnly 1 shareholder is required under single-member corporate legislation

What are the two distinct management and governance structures permitted for a Société Anonyme under Moroccan Law No. 17-95?

• AA Board of Directors (Conseil d'Administration) with either a unified CEO/Chairman (PDG)…
• BA sole General Manager (Gérant unique) OR a Board of Trustees (Conseil de Tutelle)
• CA Board of Governors (Conseil des Gouverneurs) OR an Executive Committee without sharehol…
• DA Collegial Partnership Committee OR a Judicial Manager appointed by the Commercial Court

Under Articles 39 and 40 of Moroccan Law No. 17-95, what are the statutory boundaries for the Conseil d'Administration of an unlisted SA and the directors' maximum terms?

• AThe Board must comprise 3 to 12 directors; directors named in the initial articles may se…
• BThe Board must comprise between 5 and 20 directors; the term of office is unlimited
• CThe Board must comprise between 2 and 7 directors; the term of office cannot exceed 1 year
• DThe Board must comprise exactly 5 directors; their term of office is strictly 4 years non…

Under Article 111 of Moroccan Law No. 17-95, what are the statutory quorum and majority rules for an Ordinary General Assembly (Assemblée Générale Ordinaire - AGO) of an SA?

• AQuorum on first call is at least 1/4 (25%) of voting shares; no quorum is required on sec…
• BQuorum on first call is 1/2 (50%) of shares; decisions require a 2/3 supermajority
• CQuorum is 1/3 of shares on all calls; decisions require unanimous consent of present shar…
• DNo quorum is required on first call; decisions require at least 75% approval

Under Article 110 of Moroccan Law No. 17-95, what quorum and majority thresholds govern the Extraordinary General Assembly (Assemblée Générale Extraordinaire - AGE) empowered to amend the company's bylaws?

• AQuorum of at least 1/2 (50%) of voting shares on first call, and 1/4 (25%) on second call…
• BQuorum of 1/4 on first call and no quorum on second call; decisions taken by simple major…
• CQuorum of 3/4 on all calls; decisions require 90% approval
• DQuorum of 100% of voting shares; decisions require absolute unanimity

A Moroccan SA with a share capital of 1,000,000 DH reports a Net Accounting Profit of 300,000 DH for Year N. It has an existing Legal Reserve (Réserve légale) balance of 85,000 DH and no prior accumulated losses. Under Article 329 of Law No. 17-95, what is the mandatory allocation to the Legal Reserve for Year N?

• A15,000 DH
• B30,000 DH
• C10,000 DH
• D0 DH because the existing reserve already exceeds 5% of share capital