Concours d'accès à la profession d'adoul (Morocco)

Under Article 10 of Morocco's Family Code, what legal effect does an engagement (khitba) have?

• AIt creates a marriage that requires divorce to end
• BIt is a promise of marriage from which either party may withdraw
• CIt transfers matrimonial guardianship to the prospective husband
• DIt gives the prospective bride an immediate right to half the dowry

According to Article 19 of Morocco's Family Code, at what age do both women and men ordinarily acquire legal capacity to marry?

• A16 full Gregorian years
• B17 full Gregorian years
• C18 full Gregorian years
• D21 full Gregorian years

Which circumstance is a permanent impediment to marriage under Article 36 of Morocco's Family Code?

• AAffinity arising from marriage to an ascendant or descendant
• BAn existing marriage to four wives
• CAbsence of judicial authorization for a proposed polygamous marriage
• DA temporary inability to attend the marriage ceremony

Under Article 25 of the Family Code, how may an adult woman exercise matrimonial guardianship (wilaya)?

• AOnly through her father, whose signature is always required
• BOnly through a judge appointed for the marriage
• COnly through her eldest male relative
• DShe may conclude her own marriage or delegate that role to her father or another relative

What is the defining effect of a revocable divorce (talaq raj'i) during the waiting period?

• AThe spouses must sign a new marriage contract before any reconciliation
• BThe divorce immediately bars the spouses from remarrying each other
• CThe husband may resume the marriage during the waiting period without a new contract or d…
• DThe divorce has no legal effect until the waiting period expires

Under Article 114 of the Family Code, how is a divorce by mutual consent completed?

• AThe spouses apply to the court, which attempts reconciliation and, if that fails, authori…
• BThe spouses sign a private termination agreement with no judicial involvement
• CEither spouse sends a unilateral notice directly to the civil-status office
• DThe adouls dissolve the marriage before the court considers reconciliation

Under Article 166 of the Family Code, when may a child whose parents have separated choose which parent will provide custody?

• AAt age 10
• BAt age 12
• COnly upon reaching age 18
• DAfter completing age 15

Which Moroccan legal institution provides family care for an abandoned child without creating adoptive filiation?

• ATutorship over an adult
• BKafala
• CTestamentary substitution
• DEmancipation

Under Article 198 of the Family Code, which statement correctly describes a father's maintenance obligation toward his children?

• AIt ends for every child at age 16
• BIt always ends at legal majority, even while a child is studying
• CIt ordinarily continues to majority, may continue for a student to age 25, and continues…
• DIt ends as soon as compulsory schooling finishes

In Maliki jurisprudence, what is the usual effect of excessive uncertainty (gharar fahish) concerning a sale's essential subject matter?

• AIt vitiates the sale because the object and countervalue must be sufficiently known
• BIt merely extends the buyer's payment period
• CIt converts the sale into a lease
• DIt is cured automatically when market prices later become known

What does khiyar al-shart allow contracting parties to do?

• AReplace the agreed price unilaterally after delivery
• BWaive every remedy for hidden defects
• CReserve a right to confirm or rescind the contract within an agreed period
• DDelay identifying the subject matter until after the option expires

Which description best captures a waqf (habous) under Morocco's Waqf Code?

• AA revocable agency to manage a donor's bank account
• BA dedication that preserves an asset's corpus and assigns its benefit to a charitable or…
• CA sale with payment deferred until the donor's death
• DA one-year lease of public property

Which set contains the four validity requirements for an obligation listed in Article 2 of Morocco's Dahir of Obligations and Contracts?

• AWritten form, registration, two witnesses, and delivery
• BOffer, notarization, publication, and possession
• CNationality, majority, payment, and judicial approval
• DCapacity, a valid declaration of will, a certain object, and a lawful cause

Which event is a recognized cause of extinction of an obligation under Article 319 of the DOC?

• APerformance of the obligation
• BAssignment of the claim to a new creditor
• CA debtor's temporary financial difficulty
• DA debtor's proposal of substitute performance that the creditor has not accepted

Under the current Article 4 of Law No. 39.08, which form generally satisfies a transaction that transfers or creates a real right in immovable property?

• AAny oral agreement proved by one witness
• BAn unsigned memorandum later filed with the municipality
• CAn authentic instrument or an instrument with a fixed date drawn up by a lawyer admitted…
• DA private email exchange with no qualified drafter

Under Article 250 of Law No. 39.08, what period of qualifying possession may establish ownership against a present, unexcused non-relative in unregistered land?

• AFive years
• BTen years
• CTwenty years
• DForty years

Can ownership of registered land be acquired by adverse possession against the person named on the land title?

• AYes, after five years of peaceful possession
• BYes, after ten years if land taxes were paid
• CYes, but only if the possessor acted in good faith
• DNo; possession or prescription cannot defeat the registered title

What distinguishes a conventional mortgage over registered immovable property from a possessory security?

• AThe debtor ordinarily retains possession, while the mortgage is made opposable through in…
• BThe creditor becomes owner as soon as the secured debt is late
• CThe mortgage is effective against third parties without any inscription
• DThe mortgage requires the debtor to surrender physical possession to the land registrar

How does Article 1 of Law No. 16.03 characterize the adoul profession?

• AA civil-service office within the Ministry of the Interior
• BA liberal profession participating in the judicial mission by receiving and documenting t…
• CA commercial brokerage activity
• DA private arbitration service without statutory supervision

What is the kunnash al-hifdh used by an adoul?

• AA ledger used only to calculate professional fees
• BA register kept by the land conservator for mortgage priority
• CA court calendar listing all family hearings
• DAn official controlled notebook in which received declarations and identifying details ar…

Under Article 30 of Law No. 16.03, in which language are adoul instruments drafted?

• AArabic
• BFrench
• CEither Arabic or French at the parties' unrestricted choice
• DThe language of any foreign party

Which list states the disciplinary sanctions in Article 43 of Law No. 16.03?

• AFine, probation, compulsory transfer, and imprisonment
• BPrivate advice, public apology, retraining, and retirement
• CWarning, reprimand, suspension for no more than one year, and dismissal
• DWarning, salary reduction, demotion, and loss of nationality

Before assuming office, what professional commitments does an appointed adoul make in the statutory oath?

• ATo follow instructions from either party even when unlawful
• BTo perform duties faithfully and honestly and preserve professional secrecy
• CTo guarantee the commercial success of every authenticated transaction
• DTo avoid documenting transactions involving public bodies

Which act is an impediment to inheritance under Article 332 of the Family Code?

• AThe heir's intentional killing of the deceased as principal or accomplice
• BThe heir's residence outside Morocco
• CThe heir's refusal to administer the estate
• DThe heir's receipt of a lifetime gift from the deceased

How does a father inherit when the deceased leaves a daughter but no son?

• AOne-sixth only
• BThe residue only
• COne-half plus the residue
• DOne-sixth plus any residue remaining after the fixed shares

What is the base denominator for an estate with a wife entitled to 1/8, a daughter entitled to 1/2, and a father entitled to 1/6 plus the residue?

• A12
• B18
• C24
• D48

A 60,000 MAD estate passes to a husband, one full sister, and the mother. With shares of 1/2, 1/2, and 1/3 respectively, how is 'awl applied?

• AThe base 6 is reduced to 5; payouts are 24,000, 24,000, and 12,000 MAD
• BThe base 6 is increased to 8; payouts are 22,500, 22,500, and 15,000 MAD
• CThe base remains 6; each heir receives 20,000 MAD
• DThe sister is excluded; the husband receives 40,000 and the mother 20,000 MAD

Which courts exercise ordinary general jurisdiction at first instance under Morocco's judicial organization?

• ACourts of appeal
• BAdministrative courts
• CCourts of first instance
• DCommercial courts

What is the core role of the judge responsible for notarization (qadi al-tawthiq) in the adoul system?

• ASupervising adouls and their records and granting the judicial certification (khitab) to…
• BRepresenting one party in negotiating the transaction
• CRegistering corporate names in the commercial register
• DAssessing customs duty on imported property

Which court has disciplinary jurisdiction when proceedings seek an adoul's suspension or dismissal under Law No. 16.03?

• AThe commercial court
• BThe administrative court
• CThe court of first instance
• DThe court of appeal for the adoul's professional district