Read the following passage and answer: 'The notion that the brain operates like a computer has dominated cognitive science for half a century. Yet the analogy increasingly looks like a category error: neurons are not switches, synapses are not transistors, and the wet electrochemistry of thought bears scant resemblance to the silicon substrate.' What is the author's primary stance toward the brain-as-computer analogy?
Verbal Ability Reading Comprehension
Question · Medium
The carpenter's square-corner trick
Short
From the same passage above, what does the phrase 'category error' most nearly mean in context?
Arrange the following four sentences into a coherent paragraph: (A) These birds were once thought to migrate to the moon. (B) Modern tracking has shown they fly to sub-Saharan Africa. (C) For centuries, Europeans could not explain where swallows went each winter. (D) Tagging studies in the 1900s finally settled the mystery. The correct order is:
Question · Easy
Identify the odd sentence: (1) The Mughal emperors patronised Persian miniature painting throughout the seventeenth century. (2) Court ateliers produced lavish illustrated manuscripts under Akbar and Jahangir. (3) Indian classical music absorbed Persian modal influences during the same period. (4) Shah Jahan commissioned the Padshahnama, one of the finest illustrated chronicles of the era.
Choose the option that best summarises the paragraph: 'Behavioural economists have shown that human decisions deviate systematically from the rational-agent model assumed by classical theory. Loss aversion, anchoring, and present bias are not noise to be averaged away — they are robust regularities. Policy designed without these regularities tends to under-perform; policy that builds them in (default enrolments, salience cues) routinely outperforms standard incentives.'
Choose the sentence that best completes the paragraph: 'Open-source software was once a fringe movement led by hobbyists who shared code on bulletin boards. Today, the world's largest corporations contribute the bulk of code to projects such as Linux, Kubernetes, and React. ____'
Which assumption is required for the argument: 'Cities with bike lanes have lower emissions than cities without. Therefore, building more bike lanes will reduce a city's emissions.'?
Which option, if true, most weakens this argument: 'A new vitamin supplement reduces fatigue. In a trial, 70 percent of users reported less tiredness after one month, so doctors should recommend it.'?
Arrange to form a coherent paragraph: (A) But scientists have since traced the cycle to ocean-atmosphere interactions in the Pacific. (B) El Nino was once viewed as a curious local warming off the coast of Peru. (C) Today El Nino forecasts inform agricultural planning across four continents. (D) These interactions, dubbed ENSO, drive global weather patterns.
Identify the odd sentence: (1) The Bauhaus school championed functional design stripped of ornament. (2) Walter Gropius founded it in Weimar in 1919. (3) Renaissance architects revived classical Roman proportions and detailing. (4) Bauhaus ideas spread to American universities after the school closed in 1933.
Read: 'Anthropologists once treated kinship as the master code of pre-state societies. Recent fieldwork suggests that ritual, debt, and obligation often matter more than blood ties in shaping social structure.' The author primarily argues that:
Which option best summarises: 'A breakthrough in protein folding prediction by deep-learning systems has compressed problems that once took decades into hours. While experimentalists still verify structures in the lab, the bottleneck has shifted from prediction to downstream design — what to do with the millions of folds we now possess.'
Complete the paragraph: 'Streaming platforms have produced an explosion of long-form storytelling. Yet many critics observe that bingeable shows are also bloated, with subplots that exist mainly to fill episode counts. ____'
Which option, if true, most strengthens this argument: 'Students who take notes by hand score higher on conceptual tests than those who type. Therefore, schools should discourage laptops in lectures.'?
Arrange to form a coherent paragraph: (A) Yet the same study found mortality benefits plateaued beyond five servings. (B) Recent meta-analyses link higher fruit and vegetable intake to longer life. (C) The plateau suggests targets should be realistic rather than maximalist. (D) For decades, public-health guidance recommended five portions a day.
Identify the odd sentence: (1) Quantum computers exploit superposition to process many states simultaneously. (2) Error-correction overhead currently limits useful qubit counts. (3) Romantic poets exalted nature as a source of moral instruction. (4) Decoherence remains a central engineering challenge.
Read: 'It is fashionable to dismiss attention spans as collapsing under the weight of digital media. But large-scale longitudinal data show that sustained reading and concentration among teenagers remain comparable to a generation ago — what has shifted is the medium, not the capacity.' The author's primary purpose is to:
What can be inferred from the passage above?
Complete the paragraph: 'In the early days of cinema, theorists worried that film could not be art because it merely recorded reality. Decades of editing, cinematography, and narrative invention have made the worry seem quaint. ____'
Which option best summarises: 'Reforestation projects often plant single fast-growing species over wide areas. These monocultures store carbon but harbour little biodiversity, are vulnerable to pests, and can deplete groundwater. Mixed native plantings grow more slowly but build resilient ecosystems and richer soils.'
Arrange to form a coherent paragraph: (A) Patents granted within months bottled the technology in early courtrooms. (B) The printing press spread through Europe within fifty years of Gutenberg's bible. (C) Eventually, the limits of patent enforcement gave way to the broader commercial reality of cheaper books. (D) But its rapid diffusion did not mean unimpeded use.
Question · Hard
Identify the odd sentence: (1) Mangrove forests stabilise coastlines against storm surge. (2) They serve as nurseries for many commercial fish species. (3) They sequester more carbon per hectare than most terrestrial forests. (4) Polar bears depend on sea ice for hunting seals.
Read: 'The rhetoric of meritocracy frames success as a function of individual effort, but this framing ignores the structural scaffolding — schooling, networks, capital — that converts effort into achievement. Critics argue that meritocratic ideology entrenches inequality even as it claims to overcome it.' The author's tone is best described as:
Which option, if true, most weakens: 'Cities that introduced congestion pricing saw a drop in traffic. Therefore, congestion pricing reduces traffic.'?
Complete the paragraph: 'Open-plan offices were sold to employers as catalysts for collaboration. Studies measuring face-to-face interaction in open vs partitioned offices found, paradoxically, that openness reduced direct conversation. ____'
Which option best summarises: 'Generic drugs save consumers billions annually by introducing competition once patents expire. Yet many therapeutic classes are dominated by a single generic supplier, allowing concentrated pricing power. The benefits of generics depend not only on patent expiry but on the breadth of supplier competition that follows.'
Arrange to form a coherent paragraph: (A) Studies of indigenous fire stewardship in Australia, California, and the Amazon now inform official policy. (B) Suppression-only fire policy in the twentieth century built up dangerous fuel loads. (C) Controlled burning, long practised by indigenous peoples, is now seen as central to managing wildfire risk. (D) These case studies show how traditional knowledge can sit alongside satellite-era forest management.
Identify the odd sentence: (1) The Indus Valley script remains undeciphered despite a century of attempts. (2) Symbols have been found on thousands of seals across Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. (3) Sanskrit grammar was codified by Panini around the fifth century BCE. (4) Brevity of inscriptions limits the statistical handles available to decipherers.
Read: 'The premise of personalised medicine is that the right treatment for the right patient at the right time will outperform broad-based therapy. Decoding individual genomes is now cheap; matching that data to treatment decisions is not.' The author implies that:
Which assumption underlies: 'The new high-speed rail line will boost the regional economy because every other city that built one saw GDP growth in the following decade.'?
A pie chart shows total monthly household expenditure of INR 60,000 split as: Rent 30 percent, Food 25 percent, Transport 15 percent, Education 12 percent, Utilities 10 percent, Savings 8 percent. How much (INR) is spent on Education?
Data Interpretation Logical Reasoning
Using the same pie chart (total INR 60,000), what is the ratio of Rent to (Education + Savings)?
A bar chart shows quarterly revenue (INR crore) of Company X: Q1 = 80, Q2 = 96, Q3 = 120, Q4 = 144. What is the percentage growth from Q1 to Q4?
Using the same revenue chart (Q1=80, Q2=96, Q3=120, Q4=144), in which quarter was the quarter-on-quarter percentage growth the highest?
A table shows sales (units) of four products across three stores. P1: A 40, B 30, C 50. P2: A 60, B 80, C 70. P3: A 20, B 25, C 30. P4: A 80, B 65, C 55. Which product had the highest total sales?
Using the same sales table, what is the average sales per store of product P4?
A line graph shows year-end stock price (INR) of Company Y across 2021-2025: 200, 250, 240, 300, 360. What is the CAGR from 2021 to 2025 (approximately)?
Using the same stock price line, in which year was the year-on-year percentage decline the largest?
Caselet: A library has 500 members. 280 borrow fiction, 220 borrow non-fiction, and 90 borrow both. How many members borrow neither fiction nor non-fiction?
Using the same library data, how many members borrow only fiction?
Seating: Six friends A, B, C, D, E, F sit in a row facing north. A is at one end. C is third from A. B is immediately to the right of C. D sits at the other end. F is between A and C. If E is immediately to the left of D, who sits between B and E?
Circular arrangement: Eight people sit around a round table facing the centre. P is opposite Q. R is to the immediate left of P. S is two places to the right of Q. If T is opposite R, who is opposite S?
Blood relations: Pointing to a man, Anita said, 'His mother is the only daughter of my father.' How is the man related to Anita?
Distribution puzzle: Four friends — W, X, Y, Z — each ordered one drink from coffee, tea, juice, water. (i) W did not order coffee or juice. (ii) X ordered tea. (iii) Y ordered juice. (iv) Z did not order water. Who ordered coffee?
Ordering: In a race of five sprinters — P, Q, R, S, T — P finished before Q but after R. T finished last. S finished immediately before Q. Who finished second?
Matrix puzzle: Four boys (B1-B4) and four hobbies (chess, music, art, reading) form one-to-one pairings. B1 doesn't play chess or read. B2 doesn't do art or music. B3 plays chess. B4 doesn't do music. What is B1's hobby?
Logical Venn: All doctors are graduates. Some graduates are professors. Which conclusion necessarily follows?
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