Which four elements make up roughly 96 percent of the mass of most living organisms?
Molecular And Cellular Biology
Question · Easy
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Short
Which property of water is most directly responsible for its ability to moderate temperature changes in organisms and environments?
Question · Medium
CLEP Biology Exam Overview
1.1 Current Exam Facts
Study guide
The monomers that link together to form proteins are best described as which of the following?
Which organelle is the primary site of aerobic cellular respiration and ATP production in eukaryotic cells?
A key structural feature that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells is that prokaryotes lack which of the following?
According to the fluid mosaic model, the plasma membrane is best described as which of the following?
1.2 Scores, Credit, and Retakes
Enzymes increase the rate of biochemical reactions primarily by doing which of the following?
In competitive enzyme inhibition, the inhibitor reduces enzyme activity by which mechanism?
Question · Hard
During glycolysis, a single molecule of glucose is broken down into two molecules of which compound?
In aerobic respiration, what serves as the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?
1.3 Blueprint and Reasoning Skills
In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle (the light-independent reactions) take place?
Which pigment is the primary light-absorbing molecule in the photosynthetic reactions of plants?
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?
How does meiosis differ from mitosis with respect to the chromosome number of the resulting cells?
Chemical Foundations of Life
2.1 Chemical Bonds and Simple Reactions
DNA replication is described as semiconservative because each new double helix consists of which of the following?
In DNA, adenine always pairs with which complementary base?
The process by which the information in messenger RNA is used to assemble a polypeptide at the ribosome is called what?
A mutation that changes a single nucleotide so that one amino acid is replaced by a different amino acid is best classified as which type?
2.2 Properties of Water
Which statement best describes the structure of a virus?
Which type of bond forms between two monosaccharides when a disaccharide such as sucrose is synthesized?
Which molecule is the immediate energy currency that cells use to power most cellular work?
The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher solute concentration is called what?
2.3 Carbohydrate Structure
Active transport of ions across a cell membrane differs from passive diffusion because active transport requires which of the following?
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion or insertion into membranes?
Lipids such as fats and oils differ from carbohydrates and proteins primarily because lipids are which of the following?
During anaerobic fermentation in human muscle cells, pyruvate is converted into which product to regenerate NAD+ for glycolysis?
2.4 Lipid Structure
What is the role of a coenzyme such as NAD+ during cellular respiration?
Which best describes the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?
A sequence of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid is called what?
In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription of DNA into mRNA primarily occur?
Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and Origins
3.1 Protein Structure
Which statement correctly describes the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes?
Crossing over, which increases genetic variation, occurs during which stage of meiosis?
The four major classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and which of the following?
In a flowering plant (angiosperm), which structure is the primary site of photosynthesis?
Organismal Biology
3.2 Nucleic Acid Structure
In vascular plants, which tissue transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots?
The life cycle of plants, which involves both a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte generation, is referred to as what?
The growth of a plant shoot toward a light source is an example of which response?
In the human digestive system, where does the majority of nutrient absorption into the bloodstream take place?
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